PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION (5) PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

1. Reception (hearing)

Auditory system picks up the stimuli

4. Recall (Remembering)

Calling to mind a previously encountered information

3. Communication is dynamic

Communication cannot be a static process because it is ever-changing. Human communication is a symbol-using information processing system. Communication relies on the nature of human perception which can change over time.

5. Communication is a natural ability

The ability to communicate, like almost everything we do, is learned and not naturally endowed. This ability requires not only that we be physically capable but also that we comprehend how communication works and that we have the opportunity to use the knowledge.

4. Meanings are in words and/or actions

The notion that words contain meanings is probably the most serious misconception of all. Words only have meaning when we give them meaning. No two people have the same background. Hence, no two people share the same meanings and interpretations of words. Therefore, meanings are in people and not in the words we use.

Empathic Listening

____ is the practice of being attentive and responsive to others' input during the conversation. Listening empathically entails making an emotional connection with the other person and finding similarities between their experience and your own so you can give a more heartfelt response.

Appreciative Listening

_____ is a type of listening where the listener seeks certain information which they will appreciate, and meet his/her needs and goals. One uses appreciative listening when listening to music, poetry or the stirring words of a speech

Discriminative Listening

______ happens when the listener interprets and assigns meaning to sound rather than to words. In discriminative listening, the listener interprets the differences and nuances of sounds and body language is and is sensitive to attributes including rate, volume, pitch, and emphasis in speaking.

Critical Listening

______ is a process for understanding what is said and evaluating, judging, and forming an opinion on what you hear. The listener assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the content, agrees or disagrees with the information, and analyzes and synthesizes material.

Informational Listening

________ entails listening with the goal of comprehending and retaining information. It is not evaluative and is common in teaching and learning contexts ranging from a student listening to an informative speech to an out-of-towner listening to directions to the nearest gas station. We also use informational listening when we listen to news reports, voice mail, and briefings at work. Since retention and recall are important components of informational listening, good concentration and memory skills are key

2. Empathic Listening (3 words)

attending + supporting + empathizing

4. Critical Listening (3 words)

ethos (expertness and trustworthiness) + logos (well-supported arguments) + pathos (emotional elements)

5. Discriminative Listening (3 words)

phonemic variation + emotional variation + visual acts as listening

3. Appreciative Listening (3 words)

presentation + perception +previous experience

1. Informational Listening (3 WORDS)

vocabulary + concentration + memory

3. Interpretation (meaning association)

Sense-making and assigning meaning to the stimulus in relation to the field of experience

TYPES OF LISTENING ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

1. Informational Listening 2. Empathic Listening 3. Appreciative Listening 4. Critical Listening 5. Discriminative Listening

THE LISTENING PROCESS

1. Reception (hearing) 2. Recognition (selective attention) 3. Interpretation (meaning association) 4. Recall (Remembering)

BASIC PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION

1. To discover 2. To relate 3. To persuade 4. To entertain/ be entertained

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT COMMUNICATION

1. Communication can solve all problems 2. The more we communicate, the better 3. Communication can break down 4. Meanings are in words and/or actions 5. Communication is a natural ability

5 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

1. Communication is a process 2. Communication is a system 3. Communication is dynamic 4. Communication is both interactional and transactional 5. Communication can be intentional or unintentional

5. Communication can be intentional or unintentional

Intentional communication happens when a communicator sends a message in a purposeful manner. Alternatively, communication sometimes happens unintentionally. This refers to situations when a person does something that is interpreted by another person as a message, even if the originator did not mean it as such. It often comes in forms that are demonstrated unconsciously (e.g., physical posture, tone of voice, behavior, et cetera).

2. Communication is a system

It involves a group of interrelated elements that affect one another. Its components - sender-receiver, message, channel, feedback, context, and noise - are connected as parts of one system and the absence of even just one would result to an impairment.

4. Communication is both interactional and transactional

It is a process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver or do both simultaneously to generate meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback within contexts. To say that communication is transactional means that the process is cooperative; the sender and the receiver are mutually responsible for the effect and the effectiveness of communication.

1. Communication is a process

It is an activity or exchange that moves forward from a starting point. It starts long before the words begin and can last long after the words stop.

2. The more we communicate, the better

Most of us assume that the more we communicate, the better off we will be. People who communicate a great deal are often perceived to be more friendly. However, the quantity of communication is not the same as quality. Therefore, it is not the amount of communication but its content that makes the difference.

2. Recognition (selective attention)

Receiver distinguishes a sound from other sounds

1. Communication can solve all problems

This first misconception lies in the notion that communication has the magical powers to solve all our problems. Actually, the act of communicating with others does not carry any guarantees. It is true that without communication, we cannot solve our problems; but sometimes, communication can also create problems. Communicating does not make any difference, what WE COMMUNICATE does.

3. Communication can break down

We have heard people say that "We had a communication breakdown." But in reality, communication does not breakdown - the people engaged to it do. Communication is neither good nor bad; it is a tool used to convey something. Like any tool, it ca be used effectively or ineffectively. Hence, the more we understand about communication and its use, the better communicators we can become.