PY 201 Chapter 10
Which term refers to the demands faced by immigrants in adjusting to a host culture?
Acculturative stress
Autumn was attacked and robbed in a parking lot late at night. After being robbed, she has avoided that area for fear of being mugged again. Which post-traumatic stress disorder characteristic is Autumn struggling with?
Avoidance of cues associated with the trauma.
Inushri recently learned that she has to receive a booster shot for a rare disease that exists in a country that she will be travelling to. While she doesn't want to get sick, she also hates needles. Inushri is struggling with which kind of conflict?
Avoidance-Avoidance
Which of the following is a useful strategy for preventing sexually transmitted diseases?
Communicate your concerns about the risk of contracting a sexually transmitted disease.
After smoking for years, you have successfully avoided cigarettes for a full month. Which of the following benefits are you likely to enjoy?
Decrease in coughing and shortness of breath
Joseph is constantly tired and depleted. He complains that he has had to work 10-hour shifts at his job all month. What should Joseph know about how his body is responding to his workload?
He is experiencing the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome and needs time to recover.
Not biting off more than you can chew, avoiding taking on more tasks than you can reasonably accomplish, and delegating responsibilities to others are all part of which stress-management strategy?
Not Learning to prioritize
Zhao's father offers him an entry-level position at his business, with the promise that he'll be able to work his way up to management in a few years. However, Zhao recently obtained admittance to his preferred university. Zhao faces a/an
Not appraoch-appraoch
You are a medical intern viewing a patient's circulatory system report. The report indicates that they are suffering from "hardening of the arteries," which is also known as
Not atherosclerosis
Matilda claims that HPV is the most threatening sexually transmitted disease and that more should be done to cure this disease. You tell her that
Not chlamydia is the...
A form of arteriosclerosis involving the narrowing of artery walls resulting from the buildup of fatty deposits is
Not coronary heart disease
Stefan is interested in learning more about adrenaline production. He knows that the adrenal glands are broadly responsible for producing adrenaline, but he isn't sure which part of the glands contributes the most to this process. Stefan should investigate the adrenal
Not cortex
Another term for arteriosclerosis is
Not hardening of the heart
You are a medical intern studying a patient's x-ray that appears to show a tumor in their liver. This is cause for concern because normally the body
Not has trouble finding a function...
April tends to blame others for her problems and has trouble taking responsibility for her own actions. April likely has a(n)
Not low amount of self-efficacy
Your father believes that by adopting a positive outlook, his cancer will be cured. You hope for the best, and inform him that
Not research evidence supports...
Bill is worried about developing heart disease. He says that he is typically an easygoing person, but sometimes gets worried about important aspects of his life, such as his job and children. You tell Bill that he is
Not somewhat likely to develop heart....
Kevin is worried that his thoughts and feelings are having a negative impact on his physical health. You tell him that he may benefit from studying
Not stress psychology
Which of the following parts of the circulatory system has the greatest impact on the development of cardiovascular illness?
Not the heart
Which of the following individuals has the greatest risk for developing a heart disease?
Trent, a 50 y/o diabetic and lifelong smoker
The inner part of the adrenal glands that secretes the stress hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine is called the
adrenal medulla
The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome, involving mobilization of the body's resources in order to cope with an immediate stressor is the
alarm stage
You are out for a walk one evening when you trip on the sidewalk. As you do, you feel your heart race briefly and you throw your hands out to catch your fall. As you recover, you know you have just undergone the
alarm stage
Substances that are foreign to the body and that induce it to produce antibodies are
antigens
Kwame has received two positive responses from different people to his profile on a popular dating site. He is trying to decide which person to meet for coffee. Which kind of conflict is Kwame dealing with?
approach-approach
Trevor would like to ask his girlfriend to marry him, but he is afraid of her saying no. Trevor faces a/an
approach-approach conflict
While out with your significant other, the two of you decide to visit an ice cream shop. You find that you are having trouble deciding between two of your favorite flavors in what amounts to a classic
approach-approach conflict
Harry is looking forward to graduating from college but is afraid of dealing with the student loans that he has built up over the years. When Harry describes his worries to you, you tell him that he is facing a/an
approach-avoidance conflict
Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart through the circulatory system are called
arteries
Maintaining certain healthy lifestyle choices, such as exercising and eating a balanced diet, can help one avoid developing
atherosclerosis
A form of skin cancer that is easily curable if detected and removed early is called
basal cell carcinoma
Kim worries about her chances of developing heart disease. Her great aunt died of atherosclerosis. You tell her that her chances of developing heart disease
can be controlled with lifestyle changes.
Caesar isn't exactly sure how cancer grows and spreads. You tell him that as cancer begins in the body,
cells lose their ability to regulate their growth.
A classmate of yours is researching the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. You tell him that the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease is
chlamydia
Every day, Melody has to sit through long meetings with her boss, who is often rude and inconsiderate. When she complains to you about this over dinner, you tell her that her job sounds like a
chronic stressor
A state of tension resulting from the presence of two or more competing goals or response tendencies that demand resolution is called
conflict
Ntunde tries to read for enjoyment and avoid rushing to appointments. He is attempting to
control Type A behavior
An older family member of yours has just recovered from a heart attack, which is one form of
coronary heart disease
Neil exercises regularly in an effort to ensure adequate blood flow to his heart and other parts of his body. It is likely that he is trying to prevent
coronary heart disease
Stress hormones that help the body resist stress by making stored nutrients available are called
corticosteroids
In class, Ellen asks her professor which hormones are responsible for helping a person resist stress. Her professor tells her that
corticosteroids are the hormones responsible for helping a person resist stress.
The third stage of the general adaptation syndrome, characterized by depletion of bodily resources and a decreased resistance to stress-related disorders or conditions, is called the
exhaustion stage
Tristan participates in various activities in his community and has a lot of close connections with his neighbors. He has clearly engaged in the stress-management strategy of
expanding social networks
Yuan comes home to find a pile of dishes sitting in the sink. He lumbers over to the sink and sighs as he turns on the water. Clearly, washing dishes is a
hassle
The study of interrelationships between psychology and physical health is called
health psychology
A potentially life-threatening event involving the death of heart tissue due to a lack of blood flow to the heart is a/an
heart attack
Luis argues that unsafe sex is the only way that someone can contract a sexually transmitted disease. You tell him that he is
incorrect- unhealthy practices such as needle-sharing can also cause a person to contract a sexually transmitted disease.
Jacob shares his plan to quit smoking with you. His plan includes deciding to quit, setting a quit date, tapering off, and limiting the availability of cigarettes. While you agree that his plan is a good start, you recommend that he also
limit his exposure to smoking environments in order to reduce the temptation to smoke.
Ingrid wants to understand how the immune system works to identify diseases and infections. You tell her she should study
lymphocytes, antigens, and antibodies
Joyce prioritizes her activities and takes breaks as she needs to complete her work. These behaviors help her
manage stress
Fatima knows that cancer is actually quite preventable. In fact, by adopting preventative strategies, more than
one-half of all cancers can be prevented.
Sarah believes that by quitting smoking, she can significantly reduce her risk of heart disease. You agree with her, saying,
"If you quit smoking now, you'll reduce your risk of heart disease by half in one year."
A doctor is looking for ways to describe the experience of a heart attack to a patient's spouse. She should begin by saying,
"It will be important to examine the causes of your spouse's heart attack by first looking at their lifestyle choices."
How many deaths are the result of cancer in the United States?
1 in 5
Approximately how many people die from heart disease each year in the United States?
600,00
Hobart is a university student. After finals week, he learns that he has failed one of his classes. What level of stressor is this likely to be for Hobart?
A major stressor
Kimberly has just finished exercising. What part of her circulatory system is responsible for delivering oxygen to her muscles and organs?
Arteries
Ed tells you he is thinking about quitting his smoking habit. What is the first step he should take?
Decide to quit
Which of the following risk factors for cancer is controllable?
Diet
What term refers to the body's built-in alarm system that allows it to quickly mobilize its resources to either fight or flee when faced with a threatening stressor?
Flight-or-fight response
The most threatening sexually transmitted disease is
HIV
Which sexually transmitted disease is responsible for almost all forms of cervical cancer?
HPV
Alysha struggles with chronic depression. What does her emotional state mean for her risk of developing heart disease?
It raises it.
Hansen is a 26-year-old millennial. How likely is he to report experiencing stress compared to his father, who is 53?
More likely
Harold is a long-time smoker. Relative to non-smokers, what is his risk for developing heart disease?
Not 5 times
After witnessing a car accident, Natalia finds it difficult to fall asleep. She often has nightmares of the accident and feels tense while driving during the day. Which post-traumatic stress disorder characteristic is Natalia struggling with?
Not Avoidance of cues associated..
How might medical providers reduce the disproportionate rate of heart disease affecting African American communities?
Not Focus more on treatment...
Which of the following stressors do the most people rank as very significant factors in their lives?
Not Health Problems
Chelsea is often angry. Her mood may increase her risk for heart disease due to the effects of which neurotransmitter(s) on the nervous system?
Not Serotonin or Dopamine
Giuseppe has been stressed out this semester but is doing his best to adapt to the demands his classes have placed on him. Giuseppe has likely entered the
Not exhaustion stage
A friend of yours uses a planner to identify the most important tasks they have to accomplish each day. This is an example of
Not following a reasonable schedule
Deep breathing is one form of which stress management strategy?
Relaxation skills
Laura adheres to a stress-management plan that incorporates all of the best strategies for handling stress. Which of the following strategy combinations does she likely follow?
Spend time with friends, assume responsibility for her actions, and maintain a positive outlook.
What term refers to pressures or demands placed upon an organism to adjust or adapt to its environment?
Stress
Which of the following is a risk factor for cancer?
Sun exposure
Takashi is a toddler who has just been vaccinated for measles. His parents are concerned that Takashi's vaccination may inadvertently cause him to develop a measles infection. Based on your understanding of vaccinations, you predict that
Takashi will develop antibodies to measles, which will prevent him from ever contracting the disease.
Which of the following is a valid strategy for managing stress?
Taking frequent breaks
Miguel is trying to quit smoking. Which of the following is a strategy he could pursue?
Taper off his smoking over the course of weeks.
Xi Zhi would like to know exactly how the adrenal system combats stress. What do you tell her?
The adrenal medulla is responsible for producing actual adrenaline, while the adrenal cortex produces ...
A behavior pattern that is characterized by impatience, time urgency, competitiveness, and hostility is called a
Type A behavior pattern
One of your coworkers, Julius, scolds you for arriving to work late. He states that there is a very limited amount of time in the day for everyone to get their work done. While you agree with the importance of being on time, you recognize that Julius likely has a
Type A behavior pattern
What is the term for the method of immunization that involves injecting a weakened infectious agent in order to facilitate the production of antibodies?
Vaccination
Sean informs you that he is currently dealing with a lot of stress in multiple areas of his life. Based on the available data, what source of stress would you guess is most significant for Sean?
Work
Your younger cousin complains to you that she wants to be able to enjoy alcohol with the rest of the family, but she can't because she is underage. How might you best attempt to relate to your cousin's emotional experience?
You should empathize with her frustration while explaining the reasons behind her being unable to drink.
A friend of yours is a premed student. When describing a certain disease, they use the term "myocardial infarction." You know that this is another term for
a heart attack.
The outer layer of the adrenal glands that secretes corticosteroids is called the
adrenal cortex
The pair of small endocrine glands located just above the kidneys are called the
adrenal glands
The belief that rewards or reinforcements in life are a direct consequence of one's own actions is called
an internal locus of control
Distress refers to
an unpleasant state of physical or mental pain or suffering.
Edmund is excited to hear that a new round of antibiotic drugs has begun human trials. He believes that such drugs may lead to a cure for HIV. You tell him that
antibiotics can cure bacterial sexually transmitted diseases, but not HIV.
Kennedy is unable to decide whether to visit his parents for Spring Break or remain at college with his friends and spend time celebrating on campus. When he describes his situation to you, you tell him this sounds like a/an
approach- approach conflict, and he should choose what will make him happiest.
You are looking into programs that teach people how to manage stress. Because you have learned about health psychology, you pay special attention to programs that emphasize
building one's sense of commitment, openness to challenge, and internal locus of control.
A state of physical and emotional exhaustion and reduced personal effectiveness resulting from excessive work and life stress is called
burnout
Another term for life events is life
changes
Self-efficacy refers to our
confidence in our ability to succeed in our goals.
According to the most recent data, deaths due to stroke and heart disease are
decreasing
Cynthia approaches you in tears. Her girlfriend of 3 years has just broken up with her, and she has no idea where to go from here. You take care in comforting her, realizing that she is in
distress
Kochiro feels incredibly sad after hearing that her best friend passed away in a car accident. She is experiencing
distress
Gregory has been studying the system of the body that regulates stress, known as the
endocrine system
While most people are familiar with the hormone adrenaline, two scientific names for this hormone are
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Major changes in life circumstances are called life
events
Brenda is looking for a way to reduce her stress levels and improve her physical health. She should
exercise
After a month of dealing with aggressive deadlines at work, Claire finds herself feeling run-down and irritable. When she complains to you about how she feels, you explain that such feelings are a normal part of the
exhaustion stage
Percival has recently come down with a cold after a long, hard week at work. There is a strong chance he contracted his cold due to him being in the
exhaustion stage
The negative emotional state that occurs when our efforts to pursue our goals are blocked or thwarted is called
frustration
Another term for the stress response that individuals experience when faced with a stressful situation is the
general adaptation syndrome.
Jodi notices that she becomes full of energy whenever she runs into danger. Usually her heart rate increases, and she feels a rush of adrenaline. When she asks you how psychologists describe this experience, you tell her it is known as the
general adaptation syndrome.
Annoyances we commonly experience in our daily lives are called
hassles
A friend of yours wants to know more about the neurological systems that regulate a person's reaction to stress. You suggest that they start by reviewing the
hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis.
Deepesh is worried about dying from cancer. Fortunately for him, the cancer death rate has been declining due to
improvements in screening and treatment.
A family member of yours asks you for tips on cultivating a positive outlook. You recommend adopting a/an
internal locus of control
Baker believes in his ability to pass a very difficult class. Given his outlook, Baker is likely to be
less stressed because he is an optimist.
Erin has just graduated from college. During her celebration, she pulls you aside and confides in you that she is actually very worried about her ability to find a job. You remind her that graduating from college is a major
life event
Owen is an African American male concerned about developing heart disease. He should be aware that African Americans are
more likely to develop heart disease compared to Whites overall.
Zhao's father offers him an entry-level position at his business, with the promise that he'll be able to work his way up to management in a few years. However, Zhao recently obtained admittance to his preferred university. Zhao faces a/an
multiple approach-avoidance conflict
An external locus of control refers to the belief that
one's fate is determined by outside factors, such as fate or blind luck, rather than by one's own efforts.
One important buffer to stress is
optimism
Luke tends to look "on the bright side" of things and is usually hopeful about his future prospects. Luke is best described as a(n)
optimist
Vega thinks that the world is a hostile place and that nothing will work out for him in the future. You tell Vega that
pessimism is associated with increasing stress levels.
Fatty deposits that accumulate along artery walls are known as
plaque
Gina tells you that her mother has recently developed atherosclerosis. You know that the cause of this disease is the buildup of
plaque in the arteries
Arlene does her best to balance her work and personal life and allow herself room for relaxation. She is likely effective at
preventing burnout
You are a medical intern studying a patient's x-ray that appears to show a tumor in their liver. This is cause for concern because normally the body
produces new cells only when they are needed.
Darius believes in his ability to complete college and earn his bachelor's degree. In terms of factors that protect against stress, Darius likely has high levels of
self-efficacy
Mackie is constantly feeling frustrated in the class he is taking. He attempts to study for six hours every night but keeps falling asleep before he can learn anything. You tell him that he should
set more realistic study habits for himself.
An illness caused by an infectious agent that is spread by sexual contact is a
sexually transmitted disease
Jules has many friends and family members that he can rely on. Jules has a lot of
social support
One major factor in determining how well people cope with stress is
social support
Juan is wondering how others can help him manage his stress levels. Juan should
spend more time with those in his social circle.
Jake has many obligations to fulfill if he wants to be successful. These demands on his time and energy represent
stress
During a checkup, your doctor asks you about your stress levels in relation to her concern about your risk for developing heart disease. She is likely worried about
stress hormones raising the risk of blood clots that can lead to heart attacks.
Shikar hates having to wake up in the morning to attend class. His early schedule serves as a(n)
stressor
A family member of yours isn't sure exactly how coronary heart disease develops. You inform them that one aspect of their circulatory system that is important to monitor is
the buildup of plaque in arteries
Melanoma is
the deadliest form of skin cancer
A malignant tumor is a/an
uncontrolled growth of body cells that invades surrounding tissue and spreads to other parts of the body.
Danielle is concerned about her mother, who received a call from her doctor indicating that a tumor has developed in her lungs. You tell Danielle that
unless the tumor is malignant, her mother doesn't have lung cancer at this time.
