PY quizzes 8-12

Using an analogy to help solve a problem is most likely to occur when the problem

is similar to past problems

When you use a city map to find your way to a restaurant, it has some physical characteristics of the actual objects—streets and their locations. Because of this, the map is a(n) ________ representation.

analogical

Behaving in a way that confirms your own or other people's expectations is referred to as

a self-fulfilling prophecy

When Larry forgets to buy milk at the grocery store, he says, "I forgot milk because I was thinking about picking my daughter up from school." When Larry's wife forgets to buy milk, Larry says, "She forgot milk at the store because she's an airhead." This is an example of

actor/observer bias

Isaac is baking a cake by following the instructions in the recipe exactly. Isaac is using ________ to make the cake, which means that his cake will turn out correctly.

an algorithm

Shyla is considering going to the Halloween dance. She thinks about how she would feel regret if she did not attend, and she thinks about how she would be happy and excited to hang out with her friends if she did attend, so she decides to go. This example illustrates how

anticipating emotions help us make decisions

Research on interpersonal attraction has shown evidence that physically attractive individuals, compared to physically unattractive individuals, tend to

be better at socializing

According to the elaboration likelihood model, persuasion occurs through the ________ routes.

central and peripheral

If someone wants to create an attitude that will last a long time, he or she should use the ________ route of persuasion. If someone wants to create an attitude that will last only a short time, he or she should use the ________ route of persuasion.

central; peripheral

When love develops slowly and is based on friendship, it is considered to be ________ love.

companionate

As you walk into class, you notice that everyone is sitting on the floor. You consequently sit on the floor, too. In this situation, the fact that you choose to act in a way that matches the people around you is an example of

conformity

After an earthquake in one city, people were caught up in an overwhelming situation and were not paying attention to their personal standards. As a result, mobs of people looted the damaged shops and homes. This behavior is most likely a result of

deindividuation

Which of the following can be categorized as a primary emotion?

disgust, sadness, surprised

Ming is hiking around a lake to photograph it from a variety of angles, but she forgot to bring water with her. Soon, she cannot concentrate and goes back to her car to satisfy her thirst. Which of the following factors is most likely influencing Ming's behavior in this situation?

drive reduction

Jie recently got out of a bad relationship and she is excited to be single again. Jie's friend, Nico, suggests that he would interpret that excitement negatively, if it were he. Excitement, in this example, is a(n) ________ because it is subjective and personal relative to the individual experiencing it.

emotion

Sarah wants to do well in class because she is earning credit toward graduation. Joe wants to do well in class because he gets pleasure from learning new material. Sarah is influenced by ________ motivation. Joe is influenced by ________ motivation.

extrinsic; intrinsic

best description of problem solving

finding a way around an obstacle to achieve a goal

The idea that one single intelligence factor contributes to performance on all intellectual tasks is known as the ________ intelligence theory.

general

When attitudes influence feelings and behavior on an unconscious level they are called ________ attitudes.

implicit

While attending a concert, Brian hears a loud explosion in the crowd. Seeing that the majority of the concertgoers run in one direction, Brian believes that people are running to that direction for a good reason and conforms by running in the same direction. Brian's reaction is based on

informational influence

Our ability to learn quickly, understand complex ideas, and use knowledge to solve problems demonstrates

intelligence

Hugh is sad that his best friend is studying abroad for the entire academic year. His brother tries to get him to go to some social events, but Hugh does not want to do anything. Hugh's behavior is not energized, directed, or sustained, and he is lacking

motivation

After finishing elementary school, Mia moved to a new school district for middle school. Almost none of her friends from elementary school came with her to the new school. She feels anxious and quickly joins an after-school club. What motive may be driving Mia's behavior?

need to belong

When we conform or go along with what the group does because we want to be liked, it is often due to ________ influence.

normative

Stanley Milgram's shock experiment illustrates the phenomenon of

obedience

When intense longing and sexual desire characterize love, it is considered to be ________ love.

passionate

Terry's home was destroyed in a hurricane. It is hard to find food, so he is constantly hungry. However, he feels lucky because his family survived and he is together with his loved ones. According to Maslow's theory, Terry's ________ needs are not met, but his ________ needs are being met.

physiological; belonging

Which of the following can be categorized as a secondary emotion?

shame, guilt, remorse

When the presence of others leads to enhanced performance, it is an example of

social facilitation

Expected standards of conduct, which influence behaviors, are known as

social norms

Cognitive schemas allow for easy, fast processing of information about people, events, or groups that are related in some way. However, when we make generalizations about these people, events, or groups, we are using

stereotypes

When you encounter a person who does not fit into a stereotype, you may create a special category for that person instead of revising your stereotype. This practice is called

subtyping

When solving a problem using insight, the solution is reached

suddenly

When you brainstorm a list of words and concepts that are related to your personality traits, you are writing words that are related to an abstract mental concept. Because of this you are using a(n) ________ representation.

symbolic

The more that Edward sees Bella on campus, the more positive his attitude becomes toward her. Edward's attitude is becoming more positive with every encounter because of

the mere exposure effect

best description of reasoning

using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable