PY201; Chapter 3 Reading Quiz

A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neurons cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

action potential

Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads?

androgens

________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.

beta-endorphin

The space between two neurons is called the ________.

synapse

Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight response?

digestion functions become more active

Which of the following senses is not first routed through the thalamus?

smell

Jeremy has Parkinsons disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.

substantia nigra; dopamine

Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish?

groan and move her eyes

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

homeostasis

In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.

increase

The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron.

membrane potential

Hyperpolarization means that the ________.

membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________.

only the right visual field

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

parasympathetic

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a â tracerâ and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?

positron emission tomography (PET)

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

Hypothalamus

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.

evolutionary psychologists

One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.

lateralization

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?

Broca's area

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gageâ s accident, which led to brain injury?

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

breathing

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

central; peripheral nervous systems

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

chromosomes; DNA

Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?

collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

depression

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

dopamine; norepinephrine

The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

evolution by natural selection

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.

folds; grooves

Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendys ________ must be ________ and her fathers must be Bb.

genotype; bb

The myelin sheath is made from ________.

glial cells

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parentsâ hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for emotional memories.

limbic system

Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?

motor skill deficits in the left side of her body

Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?

no sensation in his legs and feet

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

range of reaction

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.

somatic

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.

temperature, touch, and pain

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.

undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration