PYSC: Chapter 6
select all that apply. which of the following are tips to help you encode information successfully? a. engage in multitasking while learning the information b. make associations that connect the information to your own life c. pay attention to the information d. use imagery. make mental pictures of the information
b, c, & d
working memory has a different capacity than short-term memory. in working memory, if chunks are relatively complex, most young adults can remember how many chunks of information? a. 1-3 b. 3-5 c. 4-8 d. 7-9
b. 3-5
short term memory can retain about _______ pieces of complex information a. 3 to 5 (4 +/- 1) b. 5 to 9 (7 +/- 2) c. 10 to 12 (11 +/- 1) d. 13 to 17 (15 +/- 2)
b. 5 to 9 (7 +/- 2)
the loss of memory is referred to as a. decay b. amnesia c. interference d. motivated forgetting
b. amnesia
interference occurs when a. information has been stored but not used for a long period of time b. an instructor keeps talking as you are trying to write down what they just said c. an instructor never repeats themself, so you have no clue as to what is important in what they're saying d. information is not made ready for storage
b. an instructor keeps talking as you are trying to write down what they just said
explicit memory is the conscious recollection of information and it sometimes also referred to as _________ memory a. sensory b. declarative c. working d. episodic
b. declarative
according to the concept of levels of processing, the process of ________ involves three levels a. assessment b. encoding c. information d. attention
b. encoding
what is one criticism of the distinction that is made between episodic and semantic memories? a. most people do not have episodic memories b. many memories are neither purely episodic nor purely semantic c. most people do not have semantic memories
b. many memories are neither purely episodic nor purely semantic
_________ may be the ink with which memories are written, because they play a crucial role in forging the connections that represent memory a. platelets b. neurotransmitters c. lymphocytes d. hormones
b. neurotransmitters
encoding failure occurs when the information was a. context-dependent b. never entered into long-term memory c. never entered into the register d. not properly rehearsed
b. never entered into long-term memory
proactive interference occurs when _____ material interferes with recall of _____ material a. relevant; irrelevant b. old; new c. new; old d. irrelevant; relevant
b. old; new
angel hasn't ridden a bicycle for five years; yet, when he hops on, he finds he can still ride. this illustrates ________ memory a. episodic b. procedural c. explicit d. semantic
b. procedural
after years of taking French, you study Spanish. when the word for red in Spanish is required, you correctly say rojo. but you can't remember the French word for red. this is an example of a. proactive interference b. retroactive interference c. retrograde amnesia d. anterograde amnesia
b. retroactive interference
marisol is reading her textbook while ignoring the argument her younger siblings are having in the same room. marisol's situation is a good example of a. divided attention b. selective attention c. multitasking d. storage
b. selective attention
saving information in memory for future use is called a. encoding b. storage c. retrieval d. retention
b. storage
eli knows the name of the capital of his state, but he forgets it when his teachers asks. this is known as a. Alzheimer disease b. the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon c. proactive interference d. the theory of parallel distributed processing
b. the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
discovered memories can be accurate memories (T/F)
true
explicit memory has to do with remembering who, what, where, when, and why (T/F)
true
marcus is enthusiastic about baking and has used his grandmother's apple pie recipe for a number of years. recently, marcus has been enrolled in pastry classes where he has learned to make six varieties of apple pie, and when he tries to make his grandmother's recipe, he becomes confused about the ingredients. this is an example of retroactive interference (T/F)
true
memory is best understood as a series of connections in the brain (T/F)
true
racial prejudice is a factor in faulty memory (T/F)
true
which of the following does NOT describe a factor in retrieval failure a. errors in storage b. effects of time c. attending too closely to the information d. personal reasons for remembering
c. attending too closely to the information
memories are best classified as a. single neurons with specialized functions b. a mix of neurotransmitters c. collections of connected neurons working together d. individual spots on the brain with distinct tasks
c. collections of connected neurons working together
generally speaking, the more ____ the processing, the better memory will be; deep processing is a powerful way to remember information a. superficial b. rote c. elaborate d. esoteric
c. elaborate
remembering what you ate for breakfast this morning is an example of a. semantic memory b. procedural memory c. episodic memory
c. episodic memory
the two main components of long-term memory are ______ memory, which consists of our semantic and episodic memories, and _________ memory, which consists of our procedural memories, classical conditioning, and priming a. implicit; explicit b. short-term; long-term c. explicit; implicit d. long-term; short-term
c. explicit; implicit
uncle ken will be 88 years old this year, yet he seems very sharp, is involved in volunteer work, attends a book club weekly, and plays bridge. he has been intellectually active his entire life, both in his career as physician and after retirement. this is an illustration of the ____________ _________
cognitive store
retroactive interference occurs when ________ material interferes with recall of __________ material a. relevant; distracting b. old; new c. distracting; relevant d. new; old
d. new; old
long-term memory is a ________ type of memory that stores huge amounts of information a. phonological b. shortened c. working d. permanent
d. permanent
memory is defined as the a. ability to concentrate on more than one activity at a time b. process of getting information out of storage c. process of getting information into storage d. retention of information or experience over time
d. retention of information or experience over time
rehearsal involves ________ information a. psychologically connecting b. the biological memory of c. unconsciously remembering d. the conscious repetition of
d. the conscious repetition of
the memories of emotionally significant events that people often recall with more accuracy and vivid imagery than everyday events are referred to as ________ memories
flashbulb
select all that apply. the central executive is involved in which of the following tasks? a. selecting information to pay attention to b. storing auditory information, especially speech sounds c. storing visual and spatial information d. planning and organizing
a & d
select all that apply. which of the following statements are true regarding explicit memory? a. it is sometimes referred to as declarative memory b. it is a memory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without a conscious recollection of that experience c. it is memory for how to perform skills and tasks d. it is the conscious recollection of specific facts and events that can be verbally communicated
a & d
select all that apply. what can result in inaccurate memories for traumatic events? a. people can make perceptual errors during encoding because the event is so traumatic b. information may be distorted in retelling the event to make the event seem less traumatic c. discussing the traumatic event with others may result in contaminating the memory with information from others d. memory for traumatic events tends to be highly accurate over time e. therapy after the trauma can erase the information from memory
a, b, & c
select all that apply. which of the following statements about how memory is best understood are correct? a. memory connections are best understood as active processes b. memory is a series of connections in the brain c. there is no one memory center in the brain d. memory exists in a specific location in the brain
a, b, & c
select all that apply. which of the following are components of Baddeley's view of working memory? a. visuo-spatial sketchpad b. phonological loop c. eidetic imagery d. central executive
a, b, & d
which of the following are powerful tools for processing memory? a. rehearsing b. encoding c. networking d. reading e. retrieving f. organizing
a, b, e, & f
select all that apply. special cases of memory retrieval have been researched and debated by cognitive psychologists. select all of the following that describe a special case in which special memory retrieval is utilized a. memories with high relevance to the self b. memory for words c. traumatic character of memories d. emotional memories
a, c, & d
select all that apply. Alzheimer disease involves deterioration of which of the following? a. language b. heart function c. reasoning d. blood pressure e. physcial functioning f. memory
a, c, e, & f
H.M could not remember things that happened after surgery to remove his hippocampus. this is an example of a. anterograde amnesia b. retrograde amnesia c. retroactive interference
a. anterograde amnesia
which of the following involves grouping information into higher-order units that can be remembered as single units? a. chunking b. recalling c. packaging d. work spacing
a. chunking
memory research that suggests that assemblies of cells distributed over large areas of the cerebral cortex work together to represent information is consistent with a. connectionism b. schema theory c. the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory d. retroactive interference
a. connectionism
the process by which interconnected networks of neurons are formed is called a. consolidation b. connectionism c. networking d. mirroring
a. consolidation
the fact that most people aren't able to select the correct picture of a penny out of several variations provides a strong example of a. encoding failure b. recovered memory c. retrieval cues d. false memory
a. encoding failure
due to the neurosurgery that treated his severe form of epilepsy, H.M's _________ memory was impaired, but his _________ memory was less affected a. explicit; implicit b. implicit; explicit c. iconic; echoic d. echoic; iconic
a. explicit; implicit
you have a very vivid memory of the events of September 11, 2001. the memory may be traumatic or very iconic. the specific term for this kind of memory is a. flashbulb memory b. episodic memory c. implicit memory d. semantic memory
a. flashbulb memory
if you are asked to remember a list of words, the words memorized ______ are the least likely to be remembered a. in the middle b. at the beginning c. last
a. in the middle
which of the following is a limitation of rehearsal? a. it doesn't work well for retaining information over the long term because it involves just mechanical repetition of information b. it only works for remembering dates and numbers c. it works best for retaining information in long-term memory than for retaining it in short term memory d. it doesn't work for dates and numbers but works well for visual information
a. it doesn't work well for retaining information over the long term because it involves just mechanical repetition of information
what is the role of the amygdala in memory? a. it plays an important role in emotional memory b. it plays an important role in priming c. it plays an important role in skill-based memory d. it plays an important role in organizational memory
a. it plays an important role in emotional memory
studies have shown that people of one ethnic group are _____ likely to recognize individual differences among people of another ethnic group a. less b. more c. equally
a. less
which of the following is NOT a powerful tool for processing information into memory? a. multitasking b. retrieving c. encoding d. rehearsing e. organizing
a. multitasking
_________ memory is a limited-capacity memory system in which information is usually retained for only as long as 30 seconds unless strategies are used to retain it longer a. short-term b. sensory c. long-term d. iconic
a. short-term
how do researchers assess the accuracy of discovery memories? a. sometimes other evidence, such as physical evidence or information from other individuals, will verify a memory b. researchers use brain scans. real memories activate different areas of the brain than do false memories c. researchers use polygraph tests d. there is no way to assess the accuracy of memory
a. sometimes other evidence, such as physical evidence or information from other individuals, will verify a memory
explicit memory is a. the conscious recollection of specific facts about an event or situation b. the conscious recollection of how to do something c. an encoding failure with specific memories d. the storage of all long-term memories
a. the conscious recollection of specific facts about an event or situation
ariadna tried to remember her grocery list, but she was only able to remember eggs and butter (which were listed at the top) and juice and cereal (which were listed at the bottom). this illustrates a. the serial position effect b. the encoding specificity principle c. parallel distributed processing d. context-dependent memory
a. the serial position effect
which of the following describes implicit memory? a. the unconscious recollection of how to do something b. the conscious recollection of specific facts about an event or situation c. the encoding failure with specific memories d. the storage of all memories
a. the unconscious recollection of how to do something
_________ disease is a progressive, irreversible brain disorder that is characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually physical functioning
Alzheimer's
select all that apply. which of the following are explanations for why the primacy effect occurs? a. the first few items are rehearsed more b. the first few items are more elaborately processed c. the first few items benefit from being the most recently presented d. when the first items enter working memory, there is little competition for rehearsal time
a, b, & d
select all that apply. which of the following are recommended for organizing for memory processes? a. experiment with different organizational techniques b. organize the material in a way that will allow you to memorize c. encode and pay attention to all outside information d. review notes that you are preparing to memorize
a, b, & d
select all that apply. which of the following roles do the preexisting mental frameworks called schemas have concerning the information we get from the environment? a. they affect how we make inferences about the information b. they affect how we retrieve the information c. they affect how long short-term memory can hold the information d. they affect how we encode the information
a, b, & d
the conscious repetition of information is also known as a. rehearsal b. chunking c. working memory d. sensory memory
a. rehearsal
which of the following is the memory process by which information held in memory is brought out of storage? a. retrieval b. encoding c. elaboration d. rehearsal
a. retrieval
according to researchers such as George Miller, short-term memory's capacity is _____ plus or minus ______ a. seven; two b. four; two c. two; one d. nine; five
a. seven; two
the general term _________ refers to the loss of memory
amnesia
a special form of episodic memory is __________ memory, which includes individuals' recollections of their own life experiences
autobiographical
traumatic memories appear to be linked to the release of stress-related hormones. which brain areas are involved in the release of stress related hormones? a. medulla b. hippocampus c. amygdala d. cerebellum
b & c
at which of the following levels of processing are we most likely to recall information? a. intermediate level b. deepest level c. shallow level d. high level
b. deepest level
dr. marsh has her general psychology class go through an exercise in which they look at a group of objects and attempt to remember them. then she has the class look at another group of objects and create a story involving them. the class finds the second group easier to remember because of a. the serial position effect b. elaboration c. the primacy effect d. rehearsal
b. elaboration
the tip-of-the tongue phenomenon is a failure of a. memory b. retrieval c. storage d. retention
b. retrieval
select all that apply. which of the following are fundamental components of memory? a. processing b. reminiscence c. retrieval d. storage e. encoding
c, d, & e
which of the following is NOT true with respect to memory in the aging process? a. staying intellectually active may reduce the severity of Alzheimer disease b. staying physically active aids in memory c. an active mental life is desirable, but it is not possible to build a cognitive reserve d. staying mentally active aids in memory
c. an active mental life is desirable, but it is not possible to build a cognitive reserve
ari is watching a movie. which initial memory process is ari using? a. short-term memory b. storage c. encoding d. retrieval
c. encoding
implicit memory has to do with remembering a. what b. where c. how d. when
c. how
special cases of memory retrieval have been researched and debated by cognitive psychologists. which of the following does NOT identify a special case in which special memory retrieval is utilized? a. traumatic character of memories b. emotional memories c. memory for words
c. memory for words
vera is 90 years old, but she is very active; she is involved in volunteer work, attends a book club weekly, and plays tennis. she has been intellectually active her entire life. this is an illustration of a. the serial position effect b. interference theory c. prospective memory d. a cognitive store
d. a cognitive store
concentrating on more than one activity at a time is called a. working memory b. encoding c. sustained attention d. divided attention
d. divided attention
which of the following is NOT a good tip to help you encode information successfully? a. pay attention to the information b. use imagery. make mental pictures of the information c. make associations that connect the information to your own life d. engage in multitasking while learning the information
d. engage in multitasking while learning the information
hazel vividly remembers her first week in college. this is an example of _______ memory a. semantic b. sensory c. procedural d. episodic
d. episodic
the cerebellum is involved in the ________ memory required to perform skills a. repressed b. retrospective c. explicit d. implicit
d. implicit
a relatively permanent type of memory that stores huge amounts of information is ________ memory a. sensory b. visuospatial working c. short-term d. long-term
d. long-term
in one study where researchers asked participants to study and later identify pictures that were presented, the researchers found that a. memory is inconsistent; researchers were unable to find a consistent pattern in participants' performance b. memory does not change; participants' memory performance remained stable with time c. memory improves; participants' memory performance improved with time d. memory fades; participants' memory performance declined with time
d. memory fades; participants' memory performance declined with time
the number of digits an individual can report back after a single presentation of them is a reflection of a. implicit memory b. long-term memory c. sensory memory d. memory span
d. memory span
according to the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory of memory storage, a. there two levels of processing b. there are four stages of memory c. there are four levels of processing d. there are three separate memory systems
d. there are three separate memory systems
according to the concept of levels of processing, we are most likely to remember things if we consider a. how they look b. where they are c. how they sound d. what they mean
d. what they mean
______ attention involves concentrating on more than one task or activity at a time
divided
the _______-__________ theory claims that memory for pictures is better than memory for words because pictures are stored as both image codes and verbal codes
dual-code
__________ failure occurs when the information has never entered long-term memory
encoding
the fact that most people aren't able to select the correct picture of a penny out of several variations provides a strong example of __________ failure
encoding
the process by which information gets into memory storage is ________
encoding
autobiographical memory is a special form of _______ memory
episodial
_______ memory is the retention of information about the where, when, and what of life's happenings
episodic
due to the neurosurgery that treated his severe form of epilepsy, H.M's _________ memory was impaired, but his _________ memory was less affected
explicit; implicit
the two main components of long-term memory are _________ memory, which consists of our semantic and episodic memories, and _________ memory, which consists of our procedural memories, classical conditioning, and priming
explicit; implicit
in forensic psychology, most of the interest in _________ testimony focuses on distortion, bias, and inaccuracy of memory
eyewitness
each memory in the brain is stored in a single, specific location (T/F)
false
flashbulb memories are only accurate and durable if they are for negative events (T/F)
false
flashbulb memories tend to be extremely accurate (T/F)
false
the __________ effect occurs because those items in a list are rehearsed more, they are more elaborately processed, and they are able to get the benefit of more rehearsal time with less competition from other items
primacy
there are two aspects of the serial position effect: better recall for items at the beginning is referred to as the ________ effect, and better recall for items at the end is referred to as __________
primacy; recency
the activation of information that people already have in storage to help them remember new information better and faster is referred to as _________
priming
the type of implicit memory that involves the memory for skills is referred to as _____ memory
procedural
in terms of how we engage with information we are trying to remember, the continuum from shallow, to intermediate, to deep, where deeper levels produce better memory, is called levels of ________
processing
in the context of serial position, the _______ effect is when one can recall items at the end of the list
recency
oskar was asked to memorize a list of words for a psychology experiment. he was then asked to repeat them. he found he could repeat the last three words. this illustrates the _________ effect
recency
the __________ effect occurs because the several items in a list may still be in working memory, and the placement of the items' presentation within the list makes them easier to recall
recency
the memory technique of _________ does not work well for retaining information over the long term because it often involves just mechanically repeating information
rehearsal
_________ is the memory process by which information retained in memory is brought out of storage - that is, when we recall or remember something
retrieval
a(n) ________ is a preexisting mental framework that helps people to organize and interpret information
schema
_______ memory is a type of explicit memory that includes your areas of expertise, general academic knowledge, and everyday knowledge about the meanings of words and common things
semantic
the ________ position effect refers to the tendency to recall the items at the beginning and end of a list better than the items in the middle
serial
information must be encoded and ________ in order to be retrieved later
stored
according to Baddeley's conceptualization of working memory, there are three components: the phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad, and the central executive (T/F)
true
when suzanne mentally "sings" the lyrics to her new favorite song silently in her head, she is using the phonological loop of working memory (T/F)
true
the concept of _______ memory refers to a combination of short-term memory and attention that allows us to hold information temporarily as we perform tasks
working
the _______ _________ is specialized to briefly store speech-based information in working memory
phonological loop
which of the following statements explain why the last several items on a list are remembered? a. the items' recency makes them easier to recall b. the items may still be in working memory c. the items receive more elaborative processing
a & b
before using memory processes, you must first __________ the information you are about to study
organize
select all that apply. according to paivio's dual-code theory, which of the following statements are correct? a. the image code produces better memory b. memory for words is better than memory for pictures c. memory for pictures is better than memory for words d. there is no difference in memory for words compared to pictures
a & c
select all that apply. which of the following are true regarding the effect of elaboration on encoding? a. it creates retrieval paths b. it improves sensory memory c. it makes material easier to remember d. it has no effect; memorization is more efficient
a & c
select all that apply. which two of the following concepts explain how long-term memory is organized? a. connectionist networks b. serial position effect c. schemas d. levels of processing
a & c
flashbulb memories may be, at times, very durable and accurate for which of the following reasons? a. the memories are likely to be emotional b. the memories are of unimportant events c. the memories are likely to be of only negative events d. the memories are likely to be rehearsed in the days following the event
a & d
which of the following are true with respect to memory in the aging process? a. staying intellectually active may reduce the severity of Alzheimer disease b. staying physically active aids in memory c. an active mental life is desirable, but it is not possible to build a cognitive reserve d. staying mentally active aids in memory
a, b, & d
select all that apply. which of the following are characteristics of semantic memory? a. memories of facts, ideas, concepts b. education relevant c. admissible in court d. emotion important e. emotion less important
a, b, & e
select all that apply. which statements are true regarding eyewitness testimony? a. memory can be distorted by new information b. bias may be involved c. memory is a perfect reflection of reality d. there is a specific location in the brain where eyewitness memories are stored e. memory can fade
a, b, & e
select all that apply. which of the following are subsystems of implicit memory? a. classical conditioning b. semantic memory c. procedural memory d. episodic memory e. priming
a, c, & e
you know how to tie your shoes, and when you do, the procedure can be carried out non-consciously. this illustrates ________ memory a. implicit b. explicit c. semantic d. episodic
a. implicit
alan had a list of items to buy at the grocery store, but when he arrived at the store, he found he had forgotten to bring his list. "Oh, well," he said, "I remember the first three, so I may as well get those." this illustrates the _____ effect. a. primacy b. reminiscence c. recency d. chunking
a. primacy
if a researcher activates information in participants' minds, and the activation helps participants remember new information more efficiently later, we would say that the researcher used _______, a type of implicit memory, to improve participant performance a. priming b. semantic memory c. classical conditioning d. episodic memory
a. priming
you have studied French for years, but you are now taking a class in Spanish. when asked the Spanish word for red, you come up with the French word instead. this is an example of a. proactive interference b. retrograde amnesia c. anterograde amnesia d. retroactive interference
a. proactive interference
traumatic memories appear to be linked to the release of stress-related hormones. in the brain, the __________ and the ________ are involved in the release of stress-related hormones
amygdala; hippocampus
not being able to remember what happened after you fell down and hit your head is called ________ amnesia
anterograde
select all that apply. what are two types of interference? a. recalled b. retroactive c. repressed d. proactive e. discovered f. recognized
b & d
select all that apply. which of the following are important strategies for successful test-taking (which means retrieving information)? a. be sure to use multitasking in order to optimize your performance b. look at the exam to find retrieval cues for the information that you have encoded c. use your episodic memory, specifically autobiographical memories, to best advantage d. take a deep breath and stay calm
b & d
select all that apply. which of the following are subtypes of explicit memory? a. classical conditioning b. episodic memory c. procedural memory d. semantic memory e. working memory
b & d
select all that apply. which of these are factors in retrieval failure? a. attending too closely to the information b. effects of time c. personal reasons for remembering d. errors in storage
b, c, & d
_______ memory is a kind of mental workbench where the brain manipulates and assembles information to guide understanding, decision making, and problem solving a. long-term b. working c. autobiographical d. short-term
b. working
schemas and ________ networks explain how information is organized in memory
connectionist
_________ is the process by which interconnected networks of neurons are formed
consolidation
when ________ is extensive, the person has attempted to make the to-be-remembered information meaningful and has engaged in detailed processing
elaboration
the amygdala plays an important role in ________ memory
emotional
memory for traumatic events tends to be highly accurate over time (T/F)
false
_________ memories may feel very accurate because they are so much more vivid than other memories, but the details of those memories are not always correct
flashbulb
_________ is defined as the retention of information or experience over time
memory
in terms of the effects of serial position, the _______ effect refers to better recall for items at the beginning
primacy
after david sustained a traumatic brain injury, he has discovered that he can't remember anything that happened in the past four years, but he can learn new information just as well as he did before the injury. david is likely experiencing ________ amnesia
retrograde
_________ attention involves focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring other stimuli
selective
ashleigh is studying for an exam. as she studies, she thinks about how different concepts remind her of events and situations that have occurred in her own life. ashleigh is using _________-___________ to help her remember the course concepts
self-referencing
sandeep has a lot of general knowledge, not tied to a particular time or place, about international affairs. this is an example of _________ memory
semantic
two subtypes of explicit memory are episodic memory and ________ memory
semantic
two subtypes of explicit memory are episodic memory and __________ memory
semantic
the three systems of memory in the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory are _________ memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
sensory
you've just met juan at a party and he tells you his phone number so you can get together later. you didn't write it down right away, and a few minutes later, you have forgotten it. this is because you failed to move the phone number from ______-term memory to _______-term memory
short; long
put the steps of the general flow of information into memory in order from beginning to end a. storing b. retrieving c. encoding
1. c-encoding 2. a-storing 3. b-retrieving
__________ amnesia is characterized by memory loss for a segment of the individual's past a. prospective b. anterograde c. retrograde d. divided
c. retrograde
denisha is studying for an exam. as she studies different concepts, she helps herself to remember by making up examples of the concepts that relate to her own life. denisha is using _____ to help her remember the course concepts a. the phonological loop b. multitasking c. self-referencing d. levels of processing
c. self-referencing
according to Baddeley's view of working memory, the component that is in charge of integrating information, planning, and organizing is the ________ __________
central executive
in the brain, the _________ is involved in the implicit memory required to perform skills
cerebellum
dr. quincy loves to have students in her abnormal psychology class work with case studies and reflect upon diagnostic questions, instead of reading and studying material. this is because dr. quincy is familiar with the research on memory and understands that a. this strategy won't improve memory but will result in the students liking her more than other professors b. the first items learned are more easily remembered because they are rehearsed more c. memory of material is better when we think deeply and connect new information with information we already have d. this will allow the information to stay in sensory memory for longer
c. memory of material is better when we think deeply and connect new information with information we already have
dr. wu asks students to look at real-world problems related to political science, instead of reading and studying textbooks and note cards with definitions. this is because dr. wu is familiar with the research on memory and understands that a. the first items learned are more easily remembered b. people only remember things related to current events c. memory we can connect to knowledge we already have is recalled better d. this information will stay in sensory memory longer
c. memory we can connect to knowledge we already have is recalled better
which of the following best describes the memory performance of participants who were asked to identify a series of pictures? a. participants were only 57 percent accurate after two hours but four months later could remember nearly 100 percent with accuracy b. participants were nearly 40 percent accurate after two hours but four months later could only remember about 5 percent with accuracy c. participants were nearly 100 percent accurate after two hours but four months later could only remember about 57 percent with accuracy d. participants were only 25 percent accurate after two hours but four months later could remember about 88 percent with accuracy
c. participants were nearly 100 percent accurate after two hours but four months later could only remember about 57 percent with accuracy
minh knows that Mount Everest is the world's tallest peak. this is an example of _______ memory a. short-term b. episodic c. semantic d. procedural
c. semantic
which of the following concepts suggests that is two neurons are activated at the same time, the connection between them (and thus the memory) may be strengthened? a. the implicit memory concept b. the hierarchy system of classification c. the concept of long-term potentiation d. the schema concept
c. the concept of long-term potentiation
which of the following best explains the concept of long-term potentiation? a. this concept hypothesizes that information at the beginning or end of a list will be better remembered than information in the middle of the list b. this concept hypothesizes that there are three systems in memory c. this concept states that if two neurons are activated at the same time, the connection between them and thus the memory may be strengthened d. this concept hypothesizes that working memory is a three-part system that allows us to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks
c. this concept states that if two neurons are activated at the same time, the connection between them and thus the memory may be strengthened
all three subsystems of implicit memory involve memories that a. you are wired with at birth b. you have made a conscious effort to remember c. you are not aware of but that influence your behavior d. you actively seek in order to gain knowledge of the world
c. you are not aware of but that influence your behavior
sam has to remember a 12-digit number that he generated for his computer password (198819892001). he remembers the information as the birth years of his three sisters: 1988, 1989. 2001. sam's strategy is _________
chunking