Pysch final exam

Melinda sees a dog on the street and is extremely scared. She decides to run away as fast as she can. When she gets home she calms down. In this situation, the ______ prepared melindas body to deal with this emergency and the ______ relaxed her body after the crisis. A: sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic B: parasympathetic; sympathetic

A

according to the optimal arousal model of motivation, which of the following is true? A: high arousal leads to poor performance B: high arousal leads to superior performance C: the optimal level of arousal is central to external incentives rather than internal drives D: low arousal improves performance

A

The _____ serves as the involuntary systems of the body, such as the interal organs and glands A: autonomic nervous system B: spinal cord C: central nervous system D: somatic nervous system

A: Autonomic nervous system

Jennifer had a very enjoyable time at the amusement park one week ago. Most of the visual and auditory stimuli that she experienced and has now forgotten were initially process in her ____ memory. A: sensory B: implicit C: episodic D: semantic

A: sensory

What was the experimental group in Dr. Bischers study? A: the men who wore the old material B: the men who wore the new material

A: the men who wore the old red uniforms

The ______ transmits electrical impulses toward the adjacent neuron A: Axon B: synapse

Axon

Which of the following does the autonomic nervous system most directly control? A: Speech production B: bladder contractions C: movement of the arms and legs D: thinking and memory

B: Bladder contrations

thinking and planning happen where in the brain? A: hippocampus B: cerebral cortex C: amygdala D: somatosensory cortex

B: Cerebral cortex

Dr. Kate proposes that students find it difficult to return to their academic schedules after spring break. Specifically, she predicts that every year there will be more student absences on the Monday following spring break than on the Friday before spring break. The first statement describes the _____, while the second is the _____. A: design of the study; research method B: theory; hypothesis C: hypothesis; operational definition D: Prediction; procedure

B: Theory; hypothesis

Donny suffered a stroke a few years ago. For many months, he was unable to coordinate his movements, making it impossible for him to even stand up. Since then, he has been walking in a jerky, uncoordinated manner. In this scenario, Donny's symptoms after the stroke are most likely due to the damage to his: A: forebrain B:cerebellum C: medulla D: midbrain

B: cerebellum

The _______ is the network of nerves that connect the brain and the spinal cord to other parts of the body. A: respiratory system B: Peripheral nervous system C: immune system D: central nervous system

B: peripheral nervous system

----- helps draw a line between ones belief of the world and the actual reality. A: problem solving B:scientific thinking C: psychological research D: Cultural understanding

B: scientific thinking

When Mr. Valdez thought his 1-year-old daughter had fallen down the stairs, his heartbeat accelerated, his blood pressure rose, and he began to perspire heavily. Mr. Valdez's state of arousal was activated by his ________ nervous system. A: parasympathetic B: sympathetic C: somatic D: Sensorimotor

B: sympathetic

In the context of memory encoding, sustained attention is A: the process of dividing attention not just between two activities but among three or more activities B: the ability to maintain concentration to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time C: especially detrimental to encoding information D: most likely to make a person less vigilant

B: the ability to maintain concentration to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time

In an experimental study, a properly designed hypothesis will test a theory by predicting the A: random assignment of the experimental and control groups B: Participate error and its effect upon the results of the experiment C: changes in the dependent variable in response to changes in the independent variable D: amount of social context that will be manipulated by the confederate

C: changes in the dependent variable in response to changes in the independent variable

Professor Milton wants to examine the relationship between brain damage and intelligence levels in adults. She wants to know whether brain damage has any relation to intelligence and, if so, what the extent of this relationship is likely to be. Which of the following psychological research methods is likely to be most suitable to Professor Milton's needs? A: case study B: Survey C: correlational research D: experimental research

C: correlational research

Recalling the names of the members of a famous football team is an example of A: iconic memory B: implicit memory C: declarative memory D: procedual memory

C: declarative

____ are the central nervous system cells that provide structural support, promote efficient communication between neurons, and remove cellular debris A: soma B: neurons C: glial cells D: skin cells

C: glial cells

Which of the following is an example of a drive? A: humility B: kindness C: hunger D: affection

C: hunger

The three- stage processing model of remembering suggests that we register information in ______ memory before it is ______ into short term memory A: sensory; retrieved B: long term: retrieved C: sensory; encoded D: long term; encoded

C: sensory; encoded

what is the dependent variable in Dr. Bischers study? A: the old uniforms B: the new uniforms C: the number of goals scores D: the color blue or red

C: the number of goals scored

Which of the following is true of needs? A: they cannot cause motivation B: they arise as a result of incentives C: they occur due to some deficiency D: they are psychological abnormalitites

C: they occur due to some deficiency

Which of the following refers to a relatively mild form of bipolar disorder in which both the manic and the depressive episodes are less severe than they are in bipolar II disorder? Cyclothymia Dysthymia Dysphoria Euthymia

Cyclothymia

The information in neural transmission which always travels in one direction in the neuron first goes through the A: axon B: synapse C: soma D: dendrites

D: Dendrites

The ____ includes the brain and the spinal cord A: autonomic nervous system B: somatic nervous system C: peripheral nervous system D: central nervous system

D: central Nervous system

Within the brain, _____ receive, integrate, and generate messages A: glial cells B: ions C: Pons D: neurons

D: neurons

Kelly, who is blind, wants to turn on the fan in her room. She searches for the switch on the wall and turns it on. Kelly knew when her hand found the fan's switch because the ______________ relayed this information to her brain. A: autonomic nervous system B: enteric nervous system C: parasympathetic nervous system D: somatic nervous system

D: somatic nervous system

Jayden is a project manager in a multinational company and is currently managing a complicated project. This has affected his mental as well as physical health. He is going through a rough phase where he is neither able to do his regular job properly nor interact with his clients cordially. Which of the following "4 Ds" of determining whether something is a mental disorder does Jayden's condition reflect? Deviance Disturbance Dysfunction Distress

Dysfunction

Which of the following is a primary problem of adolescence? In boys, the event that signals readiness to reproduce is menarche. Boys are not able to engage in scientific reasoning and hypothesis testing. In boys and girls, the body is ready for parenthood far earlier than the mind is Boys and girls do not gain the ability to reason about abstract concepts and problems.

In boys and girls, the body is ready for parenthood far earlier than the mind is

In the context of the strange-situation experiment conducted by Mary Ainsworth and her associates, identify an accurate statement about insecure-avoidant infants. Insecure-avoidant infants show little to no distress in separation episodes though they are under stress. A majority of the infants in the world are insecure-avoidant Insecure-avoidant infants show a high level of distress in separation episodes. Insecure-avoidant infants show difficulty in reuniting with their caregiver.

Insecure-avoidant infants show little to no distress in separation episodes though they are under stress

Which of the following statements is true of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? It is characterized by an individual's deliberate fabrication of a medical or mental disorder. It is characterized by distressing emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor. It is characterized by distorted thoughts and perceptions, odd communication, inappropriate emotion, and other unusual behaviors. It is characterized by severe language and social impairment combined with repetitive habits and inward-focused behaviors

It is characterized by severe language and social impairment combined with repetitive habits and inward-focused behaviors

In the context of cognitive development, which of the following statements would most likely be supported by Lev Vygotsky? Learning is best understood as a social process. Cognitive development occurs in a vacuum. Cultural factors have no influence on an individual's cognitive abilities. The zone of proximal development should be eliminated for effective learning.

Learning is best understood as a social process

what is true about frontal lobes?

More interconnected with other brain regions

Eric, an employee of a company, has an extremely positive and arrogant self-image, and his attention is focused only on himself. He thinks he is indispensable, often makes unreasonable demands, and he ignores the needs or wishes of others. Which of the following disorders best illustrates Eric's condition? Antisocial personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder

Narcissistic personality disorder

Which of the following is most likely to increase the risk of still- birth developing an infection during pregnancy Prescription drugs taken during pregnancy nicotine exposure from mom smoking Lack of Vitamin B12

Nicotine exposure from mom smoking

classical conditioning

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

Alicia, a three-year-old girl, knows that fish swim in water. When she sees an alligator for the first time, she says to her father, "Look at that big fish!" Her father tells her that the creature is not a fish, but an alligator. Later, Alicia sights a frog and asks her father "What is that called?" In this scenario, Alicia's question arises due to the process of _____. assimilation enculturation preoperational thinking accommodation

accommodation

Which of the following developments occurs during the germinal period of prenatal development? Formation of neural tube Development of organs Attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall Differentiation of arms and legs

attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall

Nature refers to social experiences emotional characteristics environmental experiences biological inheritance

biological inheritance

Drives come from the _____________ environment, while incentives come from the _____________ environment.

biological; external

People with obsessive-compulsive disorder have thoughts that they ________. cannot dismiss, especially negative thoughts that most people can disregard cannot dismiss, especially positive thoughts that most people cannot disregard

cannot dismiss, especially negative thoughts that most people can disregard

what is the outer layer of the brain

cerebral cortex

Peter is ten years old. He likes to play a game called "name, place, things, animals" along with his friends, because he often wins and is very good at it. In this game, children are given a list of random nouns, and they should write the nouns in the correct column. For example if the noun is "dog", they should write "dog" under the "animals" column. According to this scenario, Peter is most likely in Piaget's _____ stage of development. formal operational sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational

concrete operational

Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.

detection; interpretation

Jennifer, who is six years old, knows when it is appropriate to express anger and when to remain calm in social situations. Which of the following statements is true about Jennifer? exhibits emotional competence understands the concept of conservation understands the concept of imprinting developed social referencing

exhibits emotional competence

Bob has an unknown liquid and must determine what it is. He decides to systematically use a number of tests to determine the correct answer. According to Piaget, Bob has reached the _____ stage of cognitive development. concrete operational sensorimotor preoperational formal operational

formal operational

________ are convincing sensory experiences that occur in the absence of an external stimulus. Manic episodes panic attacks delusions hallucinations

hallucinations

Lauren is anxious and under a lot of pressure over her impending divorce. She has been having memory issues. What is happening

increased rates of cortisol

The concept of homeostasis did not entirely garner among researchers because ____

it implies that just one system in the body struggles to return to baseline at a time

A major criticism of the social cognitive theory of personality is that it provides only broad generalizations about behavior it is too concerned with the changes and situational influences on personality it underestimates the role of a persons thoughts and beliefs in personality it overemphasizes the role of biology in human personality

it is too concerned with the changes and situational influences on personality

Allostasis

makes it clear that our bodies can respond adaptively to challenge for only a short period of time

Mark has been experiencing sleeplessness, irritability, and a sense of increased energy for a week. There are times when he feels euphoric for no reason and has "racing" thoughts for a week. He most likely suffers from ________. panic attacks narcissism dysthymia manic episodes

manic episodes

Olivia is a schizophrenic who maintains an impassive face most of the time, does not respond to anyone, and strikes strange poses. She finds it difficult to finish any of the tasks assigned to her. Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia does Olivia display? Cognitive symptoms Negative symptoms Adjunct symptoms Primary symptoms

negative symptoms

Which of the following refers to the hormonal systems involved in emotions and stress nervous system immune system neuroendocrine system cardiovascular system

neuroendocrine system

A friend of yours always seems agitated and anxious, even when nothing in the circumstances would provoke such a response. Which of the Big Five traits applies to this characteristic of your friend neuroticism agreeableness introversion conscientiousness

neuroticism

"Out of sight, out of mind" can describe the behavior of a child who has not mastered the concept of: attachment conservation object permeance separation anxiety

object permeance

Geneva has an extremely clean dorm room. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Given your knowledge of her behavior, which of the following Big Five personality traits does she exhibit MOST? extraversion openness agreeableness conscientiousness

openness

in the five-factor model of personality, _____ is most closely related to liberal values, tolerance, and creativity. agreeableness openness to experience neurotism extraversion

openness to experience

Learning associations between one's own personal actions and resulting events is most relevant to the process of

operant conditioning

Gregory is an excellent basketball player. He is always able to gauge the distance between himself and the basket correctly, and he never misses a shot. Which of the following regions of the cerebral cortex should function most efficiently to help him use this spatial location skill?

parietal lobe

Andy is a schizophrenic who has bizarre perceptual experiences such as hallucinations and delusional thinking. These symptoms are known as _____ symptoms of schizophrenia. manic cognitive positive adjunct

positive

While giving a cookie to Joe, Mathew drops it on the table, and the cookie breaks into several pieces. Joe starts to cry when he is offered the pieces of cookie instead of the whole cookie. According to Joe, since the sizes of the pieces are smaller than the whole cookie, he is being offered smaller quantity. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Joe is most likely in the _____ stage of development. formal operational concrete operational sensorimotor preoperational

preoperational

Erica is having a hard time with studies. Though she knows that she is not a bad student, she finds her social life a lot more appealing than studying for tests and exams. With her exams drawing closer, she resolves to cut down on her social life and study more. What strategy is Erica using in order to cope with the demands of the circumstances? Social reappraisal escape avoidence problem focused emotion disclosure

problem focused

______ focuses attention on the stress-provoking situation, and people are most likely to use it when they think they can change the situation distancing emotion-focused coping problem-focused coping emotional disclosure

problem-focused coping

If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation, they are unable to represent their world with words images and drawing make judgements based on gut feelings think intuitively recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changed in its shape

recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape

Daniel was moving to a new city. Thinking of all the things he had to do he felt overwhelmed, anxious, and rushed. He didn't feel like eating, and he felt like his heart was constantly racing. Daniels feelings can be best describes as stimulus view of stress relational view of stress response view of stress psychological view of stress

relational view of stress

in the same evening, Keith first studied for his sociology exam and then for his psychology exam. When it was time for him to take his sociology exam, all he could remember was psychology material. Him forgetting is an example of retrograde amnesia proactive interference retroactive inference anterograde amnesia

retroactive interference

According to the strange situation experiment conducted by Mary Ainsworth, majority of infants are Insecure-disorganized securely attached disoriented insecure-avoidant

securely attached

Jacob asks his little brother Boris to play a game of chess with him. As Boris has never played chess before, Jacob explains the rules of the game to him. What type of long-term memory has primarily helped Jacob to recount his knowledge of chess to Boris? semantic flashbulb episodic sensory

semantic

______ combines problem-focused and emotion focused coping strategies secondary appraisal social support emotional disclosure primary appraisal

social support

Which of the following is a criticism of the trait theories of personality? they miss the importance of situational factors in personality and behavior they focus excessively on the past experiences of human beings they are overly concerned with the unconscious desires and motives they miss the impact of current experiences on human beings

they miss the importance of situational factors in personality and behavior

_____ is the ability to respect and appreciate another person irrespective of their behavior empathy unconditional positive regard mentalization Emotional transmission

unconditional positive regard