Python
What does Name[::2]: give you?
Shows the variable that is attached to every other index element
What is escape sequences?
Strings that are difficult to input
What are lists and tuples
They are compound data types
How do you convert a list to a set that has unique elements?
nameoftheset=set(nameofthelist)
what code allows you to add something to every item in a column?
nameofthevariableassignedtodata['nameofcolumn']=nameofthevariableassignedtodata['nameofcolumn']+thethingyouwanttoadd
does a function always need a return statement
no
can we just set one tuple equal to another one?
no they are immutable and thus a new one should be created
what does each line in the csv file represent?
row
Consider the string A='1934567', what is the result of the following operation A[1::2]
'946'
Consider the following list B=[1,2,[3,'a'],[4,'b']], what is the result of the following:B[3][1]
'b'
What command do we use to convert a string to a list?
'name of string'.split( )
what would NT[2] [1] return if NT =(1,2, ('pop', 'rock'), (3,4),('disco',(1,2)))?
'rock'
How do we open and close a the code segment len?
(( ))
Consider the following tuple A=(1,2,3,4,5), what is the result of the following:A[1:4]:
(2, 3, 4)
what would NT[2][1][0] return if NT =(1,2, ('pop', 'rock'), (3,4),('disco',(1,2)))?
r
What does the following code do? A.reomove('NSYNC')?
removes the element of NSYNC from the list A
What is the result of the following code? type(set(list)
set
How do we designate the character that separates the string into a list?
the 'string'.split(',') would make the comma the delimiter.
what do we use to construct a class?
the function, __init__
What does sys.float_info tell you
the limitations in your numbers
what does the self parameter refer to?
the newly created instance of a class
what do we use to separate multiple words in our variables?
the underscore _
What makes sets different than lists and tuples?
they are not ordered
Is it true or false that an integer 1 is a separate object than integer 2?
true
what does a scope of a variable refer to?
where the variable is accessible in a particular program
what will the nameofthefileobject.mode tell us
whether it is in read, write, or append
Can you only use double quotes for strings?
yes
Is it true that spaces can be digits, spaces, special characters, and letters?
yes
can you multiply a string by a number in a function
yes
with file1.name give me the name of the file object 1?
yes
can we put one tuple in another tuple?
yes, it is called nesting
can we nest tuples in lists?
yes, we can put anything we want in there
what is the multiplication operator?
*
what is the exponential operator ?
**
what is the result of the following code segment: 1//2
0
Consider the string Name="ABCDE", what is the result of the following operation Name.find("B")
1
what does the following function return: len([sum([0,0,1])]) ?
1
what is the radius attribute after the following code block is run: RedCircle=Circle(10,'red') RedCircle.radius=1
1
If price = 10, what will print(price) return?
10
What will print(price) return if we set price = 10, then price = 11
11
What is the value of x after the following lines of code: x=1 x=x+1
2
What will the function, c=add1(10) c=add1(2) return?
3
what would NT[3] [0] return if NT =(1,2, ('pop', 'rock'), (3,4),('disco',(1,2)))?
3
what is the radius attribute after the following code block is run: BlueCircle=Circle(10,'blue') BlueCircle.add_radius(20)
30
What the output in Name.find('el'):5 ?
5
what is the result of the following: len(("disco",10,1.2, "hard rock",10))?
5
what is the equal operator ?
==
what is the difference between a Parameter and an Argument?
A Parameters are passed during the definition of function while Arguments are passed during the function call. A parameter is a variable in a method definition. When a method is called, the arguments are the data you pass into the method's parameters. Parameter is variable in the declaration of function. Argument is the actual value of this variable that gets passed to function.
Where does a range function end?
At one to the last
What does B=A.replace('sam' 'john') do to A If A is equal to 'sam is the best brother'
B: 'john is the better brother
Why should a name of a function be descriptive of what it does?
Because the function syntax can be arbitrarily decided upon.
For the list, names=['sam', 'john', pari, gus], create a loop.
For names in names in names: name
where are variables that are defined outside of function said to be defined?
Global scope
What happens if we cast a Boolean to an integer or a float?
If it is False, we get a zero. If the Boolean is True, we get a one.
What can cause the NameError to show up?
If you misspell the function
What does the code B=A.upper() do to B if A='sam'
It makes the B string the uppercase version of A
what does calling the function mean?
It means that you have defined its parameter and it has returned a value. For example, if the function is: def add1(a): b=a+1 return b calling it would be to type add1(define a)
what does the sorted function do?
It returns a new, sorted list. it does not change the original list.
Where does a range function start?
It starts at zero
What does the while loop function do?
It stops the iteration when the conditions are not met
What happens if you cast a zero and then a one into a Boolean?
It would return a False and True respectively.
what do we use to create dictionaries?
Just like a list, we use brackets
What is the argument in the following code and what does it do? A.add('NSYNC')
NSYNC is the element being added to the list A
How do find out the variable that each index in your string is assigned to?
Name[index]
What is the command to read a line from the file?
Nameofthefileobject.readine()
How do we output every line as an elements in a list with what code?
Nameofthefileojject.readline()
Do we have to use an index to refer to an object in the list?
No, you can name the object directly.
What are numbers in mathematical operation in Python called?
Operands
How do we check to see if a file object is closed
Print(Nameofthefileobject.closed)
What denotes the name of the variable in Python?
The colon
Why do you have to be careful when you cast a float to an integer?
The conversion truncates to zero. So if the numbers on the right side of the decimal are large enough, you can lose a lot of information.
What are the two components of a loop function ?
The for and in command
What are logic operators?
They take Booolian values and produce different Boolian values.
What is type casting?
To change the type in python
What does concatenate mean?
To link (things) together in a chain or series.
What is the number symbol, #, used for?
To write comments in Python.
What method do we use to get all the keys?
VARIABLENAME.keys()
When can we not cast a string to an integer?
When the string contains a non-integer
When can we cast a string to an integer?
When the string contains an integer value, e.g., int('1'):1
What is an example of a SyntaxError?
When we forget to close the string with quotation mark
How do we include all elements from two sets?
With the union command
What are strings treated as?
Words
can we use the input function to print something?
Yes, if we put the question in the form of a string and a space.
is python a cases sensitive language?
Yes, it matters if we use lower case and upper case in python
What is the result of the following: "Hello Mike".split()
["Hello","Mike"]
what is a list represented by?
[brackets]
What kind of type returned from an in command?
a boolean
If x=2.66, what does the--------type(x)-------return?
a float
When a function is specific to an object, what it is referred to as?
a method
what is draw circle
a method for the class
what is an expression?
a piece of code that produces something
what is the screen called where you see all the code
a terminal
what does each object have?
a type, internal data presentation, a set of specific procedures for interaction (function methods), and they are an instance of a particular type
what is the output of the following lines of code: def Print(A): for a in A: print(a+'1') Print(['a','b','c'])
a1 b1 c1 because the functions concatenates a string
For x in ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']: print(x+a) would return what in a loop?
aa ba ca da
The method append does the following:
adds one element to a list
what are two things that a function contains?
an indent and code block
what is the difference between an object and a type?
an object is an specific type
What is binding a string?
assigning a variable to a variable
What does \\ in a print command represent?
backward slash
why do we want to use the open with function?
because it closes the file after it is accessed
how do we create a file object and obtain the data from a txt file?
built-in open function
What do you put the elements of a set in?
curly brackets
what are the parameters in an __init__ function referring to?
data attributes of a class
how do we change the data type in Python for a whole column?
data['column'] = data['column'].astype('datatype')
what are the two main words in a function?
def and return
what is filestuff=File1.read() in different code segments
filestuff is the variable that is assigned to the read code segment and can be printed. File1 is the name of the object file
how do we see the raw string of a file?
follow the file name by a colon
What would be the syntax for an if statement relating to entering a club that only allows people over 18?
if(age>18): print('you can enter') print('move on')
How do we check the Python version?
import sys and then print(sys.version)
what is the method of accessing an element in a tuple called?
indexing
name the most amount of data types
int, float, string, list[], dictionaries{}, boolean, and they are all objects
the attributes surrounded by underscore resulting from the dir function are for what?
internal use, not to be concerned with
what does the code append do for the list ?
it adds only the first element of the list
what can we do with nameoffileobject.name ?
it allows us to the get the name of the file object, which is its data attribute
What is the advantage of using the with statement to open a file
it automatically closes the file object
What is the elif statement?
it is just another if statement
what is an identifier?
it is the name of your variable
what happens when a variable is not defined within a function?
it will use the value in a global scope
what is the type of the following: ["a"]
list
What is an important difference between lists and tuples?
lists are mutable
can you read a file outside of an indent?
no
If price = 10, what will print('price') return?
price
How do we print the type of each index in a tuple?
print(type(name of tuple[index number]))
What are integers?
A type of data representation in python
What is a good analogy for if statements?
If the people in the line are eighteen, they get in. If the people in the line are not eighteen, they move on.
What method do we use to get all the values?
VARIABLENAME.values()
How do we add a value to the dictionary?
VARIABLOFTHEDICTIONARY['new key']='newvalue'
if A is a list what does the following syntax do: B=A[:]?
Variable B references a new copy or clone of the original list A
How do we access different elements of a tuple
Via an index just like strings
Why do we always have to assign variables to things?
We assign variables to things so that we can make do things with the variables, such as print(nameofvariable)
What does a string being immutable means?
We cannot change value of the string. But you can concatenate a new string.
What do we do for integer division in Python?
We use //
Outlines we have to set the attributes to create objects
What are classes
What does an error message tell you?
What kind it was and where it occurred
What doe the function input() do?
Whatever value the user enters, it will return
What does the following code return if the element Who is not included in the list A?
'Who' inA
what is the result of the following: "123".replace("12", "ab")
'ab3'
What is the inequality operator?
!=
How is the documentation in the code block that describes what the function calls distinguished?
""" """
In Python, what is the result of the following operation: '1'+'2'
'12'
how is a list different than a dictionary?
Dictionary uses keys, which are usually characters and not integers like in a list.
what does an asterisk do to a parameter in a function?
It allow us to input a variable amount of elements
what kind of function is sort?
It is a method since it only applies to lists that need to be in order.
What is an equality operator, and what does it do?
It is denoted by either >, <, >=, <=, ==, and it checks whether two things are equal. These operators are Boolians.
What does the code, for i,x in enumerate return?
It loops through the list it is attached to and will show each element of the list and its corresponding index
What does Square=['blue", 'black'] Newsquares=[ ] i=0 While(squares[i]=='orange'): Newsquares.append(squares[i]) i=i+1 do?
It loops through the list of squares and appends them to the new list called the Newsquares. The loop, however, stops when the condition of 'orange' is not met
what is the second argument, which is a parameter, in the open function?
The Mode, which is r for reading, w for writing, and a for appending
what is the first argument in the open function?
The file path, which is made of the file directory and the file name.
What does the or operator do?
The or operator is a logic operator because it uses two Boolina value to produce a new Boolian value.
what does the sort function do?
The original list is sorted
What does the file_stuff=File1.read() do?
The read method stores the value of the file object, File1, into the variable file_stuff as a string
What is one difference of lists from tuple?
They are mutable
What is the relationship between the else statement and the if statement?
They are only activated if the other one is false
what can values be?
They can be mutable, immutable, and duplicates
What is unique about sets?
They do not contain duplicates
what is a general purpose function?
They don't belong to any function
what should the keys be like?
They should be immutable and unique
Can we use equality operators with strings?
Yes
consider the following list : A=["hard rock",10,1.2] what will list A contain after the following command is run: del(A[0])?
[10, 1.2]
How are values in a dictionary separated from the keys?
by a colon
How do we find what is shared between two sets?
by combining them with the &
what do you call the space between the def syntax and the return syntax in a function?
code block
what is the action called when you assign a value to the argument in a function, the parameter (parameter with the math meaning of being an assigned value, not the technical meaning and statistical meaning, which defines an integral or a numerical characteristic of a population respectively)?
defining the function
If A=['hard rock', 10, 1.2] what command removes something in a list A?
del(A[0])
what do we use to find the list of data attributes and methods associated with a class?
dir function
What is the argument in the code segment Name.find('el'):5 ?
el
What is a useful function to iterate data?
enumerate
what do we use to add to a list?
extend command
what is one thing we can do with dictionaries?
we can assign them to a variable
what is the enumerate command useful for?
we can use it in a function to iterate through a list
what do we use to change lists?
we use brackets just like indexing.
What do you do since you can't have an empty body in Python?
we use the keyword pass
How do you display the function name and the documentation that you can otherwise put between three quotation marks?
with the help command
How do we find out if an element we are looking for is in a dictionary?
with the in command 'nameofthingwearelookingfor' in VARIABLEOFDICTIONARY
what is the result of the following : str(1+1)
'2'
What does \n in a print command represent?
A new line
What does multiplying a string by a number do?
A new string is the replicated version of the old string.
What does \t in a print command represent?
A tab in the string sequence
What does putting an r before the sequence in the parenthesis do?
Allows backward slashes to be backward slashes and not a start of a escape sequence.
What are used for accessing index?
Brackets [ ]
What do we call the parenthesis in a function in python?
Calling or executing a function
What does the + sign do to a string?
Concatenate
What are floats?
Decimals
What is the type of the number 0?
Integer(int) because there are
What are some different important types in Python?
Integers, floats, and words (a form of a string), and Booleans
What is sys and what must we always do before using it?
It is a built-in module that contains many systems-specific parameters and functions. It is always explicitly imported.
what is a Boolean?
It is a dichotomous variable, i.e., it can take two values
What is an expression?
It is a piece of code that produces an output
What is a sequence of characters?
It is called a string expression
What is slicing?
It is when we name the variable up to a certain index element
What is required from programmers when coding a string?
It must be enclosed in quotation marks so that the expression is not recognized as something else
What would the casting command----------int(True)---------return?
It would return a one
What is the command-------int(3.99)--------return?
It would return a three
What would the command----------int("A")-------return?
It would return an error message
In Python, if you executed name = 'Lizz', what would be the output of print(name[0:2])?
Li
Is the code-------- if ("option1" == "option 2")then------true?
No because the quotations make the options treated as the string type and thus a word
Does python know about your error before it runs code?
No, Python interprets your code line by line as it executes it
What are the math symbols in Python referred to as?
Operators
What does \ represent?
The beginning of escape sequences.
What are the function and the string in the following code segment: print('Hello, Python')
The function is print( ), and the 'Hello, Python' is the string that is passed as an argument to instruct Python on what to print
What does len( 'string' ) = return?
The number of elements in the string, which here it is 6
What if a substring is not in the sequence but you use the find Name.find('') to find it?
The output is -1
What do expressions explain?
The type of operation computer performs, such as mathematical operations
What do we use to indicate a start of a new word?
The underscore
What will the code Name[0:5:2] return?
The variable that is attached to every other element of the index up to the 4th index element
What do the sequence methods do to strings?
They apply to lists and tuples within a string
What do the string methods apply to?
They don't apply to lists and tuples
What are the two values that a Boolean can take?
True or False (make sure to always use upper case)
What is a practice with assigning names of variables?
Use meaningful name so that you do not have to keep track of what the variable is doing, such as total_hr=total_min / 60
Can we cast an integer into a string?
Yes
What is the object type of 12.0
a float
What would the command---------type(True):------------return?
bool
How can we see the data type of the object in Python expression?
by the type command
What is an object type
different ways Python represents data, such as number or strings for words and integers for numbers
What does 5,the output, represent in the Name.find('el'):5?
first corresponding index to the sequence of the substring
What is the type of the variable x after the following: x=1/1
float
How do you cast a float type into an integer?
float(2):2.0
What does-------type(2.22)------ return?
int
Given myvar = 'hello' , how would you convert myvar into uppercase?
myvar.upper()
What code segment creates a tuple?
name of tuple = ('string', int, float)
What is the difference between complied languages and interpreted language
when the warning for the errors are shown
