Q3 week 2,3,4 BMS133
Identify the opening labeled "A" in the attached image __1__ and identify the opening labeled "B" in the attached image __2__ Original Order: 16
1 infraorbital foramen 2 mental foramen
Identify the artery labeled "A" in the attached image. __1__ This artery is a terminal branch of the __2__ artery. Identify the artery labeled "B"__3__.
1. Superficial temporal artery 2. external carotid artery 3. facial artery
All of the following venous sinuses join to form the confluence of the sinuses, EXCEPT: A. inferior sagittal sinus B. superior sagittal sinus C. transverse sinus D. straight sinus
A confluence of sinuses is made up of superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, and straight sinus
The substantia nigra is located in which part of the brain? Original Order: 2 A: Midbrain B: Medulla C: Diencephalon D: Cerebellum E: Cerebrum
A midbrain production of dopamine
Which bones are MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS to form the floor of the orbit? Original Order: 5 A: Maxilla and Zygomatic B: Maxilla and Ethmoid C: Zygomatic and Ethmoid D: Zygomatic and Sphenoid
A zygomatic and maxilla
Which of the following is a CORRECT match of foramen and cranial nerve exiting the skull? (MARK TWO) Original Order: 1 A: Superior orbital fissure - CN V1, CN III, CN IV B: Foramen rotundum - CN V2 C: Foramen rotundum - CN V3 D: Superior orbital fissure - CN IX, CN X, CN XI
A and B
superficial temporal artery
A continuation of the external carotid nerve artery; supplies blood to the muscles of the front, side, and top of the head.
internal carotid artery
Artery that supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear. Middle cerebral and anterior cerebral
What is the function of the superior oblique muscle? Original Order: 14 A: only elevates eye B: depresses eye and turns it laterally C: elevates eye and turns it laterally D: only depresses eye
B
All of the following are branches of the ophthalmic artery EXCEPT the: A. Supraorbital artery B. Infraorbital artery C. Lacrimal artery D. Zygomaticofacial artery E. Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal arteries
B ophthalmic artery branches: lacrimal artery posterior ciliary supraorbital posterior and anterior ethmoidal arteries dorsal nasal a. supratrochlear a.
A patient reports numbness in the upper lip and side of the nose. Which nerve is most likely involved? Original Order: 31 A: External nasal B: Infraorbital C: Zygomaticofacial D: Long buccal
B Infraorbital - lateral nasal
Pain from an ulcer on the skin of the chin is carried centrally via nerve fibers in the A. maxillary division of CN V. B. mandibular division of CN V. C. mandibular branch of CN VII. D. buccal branch of CN VII. E. cervical plexus
B pain from an ulcer on the chin = sensory innervation sensory innervation = trigeminal n. trigeminal has 3 branches - ophthalmic - forehead, upper eyelid, tip of nose - maxillary V2: infraorbital- upper lip, lateral nose, inferior eyelid zygomatic -mandibular V3: auriculotemporal (lower jaw, temporal fossa, TMJ), buccal, mental
Which of the following bones forms part of the FLOOR of the orbit? (MORE THAN ONE ANSWER IS CORRECT. MARK TWO THAT APPLY) A. Frontal bone B. Zygomatic bone C. Maxillary bone D. Ethmoid bone
B And C
The artery that supplies most of the medial surface of the frontal lobe of the brain is: Original Order: 49 A: middle cerebral artery B: basilar artery C: anterior cerebral artery D: posterior cerebral artery
C
All of the following are primarily comprised of white matter EXCEPT the A. internal capsule. B. corpus callosum. C. cerebral peduncles. D. pyramidal tracts. E. thalamus.
E
For a drop of cerebrospinal fluid to return to the venous blood, it must pass through A. arachnoid mater. B. periosteal dura mater. C. meningeal dura mater. D. both a and b. ✓E. both a and c.
E
ciliary ganglion receives
General sensory fibers from CN V1 - Sympathetic fibers extending from superior cervical ganglion via plexus on internal carotid and ophthalmic arteries - Parasympathetic fibers from the oculomotor nerve. Only one to synapse in ganglion
midbrain
Least differentiated primary brain division Origin of cranial nerves II and IV cerebral peduncles- major fiber bundles connecting forebrain to hindbrain contain descending axons of upper motor neurons from cortex corpora quadrigemina: superior colliculi ( visual tracking) and inferior colliculi (sound location substantia nigra darkly pigmented nucleus that produces dopamine
Cerebral peduncles
Major fiber bundles (tracts) connecting the forebrain to the hindbrain part of the midbrain
vertebral arteries join to form
basilar arteries
anterior cranial fossa
formed by the frontal bone and part of the sphenoid bone
oculomotor nerves innervation
medial rectus superior rectus inferior rectus inferior oblique
The primary blood supply to the meninges is from the __1__ artery which is a branch of the __2__ artery in the brain.
middle meningeal artery branch of the maxillary artery
Supratrochlear-
runs medically to the supraorbital nerve that carries sensory to the upper eyelid and forehead as well
external nasal
sensory supply to tip of nose
superior sagittal sinus
- Drains blood from the superior portion of the brain - Lateral projections of this sinus from lacunae which contain additional arachnoid villi - Runs along the superior margin of the falx cerebri
In the image attached: Identify the scalp layer labeled "4" __1__ (choose one:aponeurosis; loose connective tissue; periosteum). The danger area of the scalp is the area of __2__ (choose one: aponeurosis; loose connective tissue; periosteum). Identify the space labeled "7" __3__ Original Order: 11 Answer 1: aponeurosis Answer 2: lose connective tissue Answer 3: superior sagital sinus
1 aponeurosis 2 loose connective tissue 3 superior sagittal sinus
The __1__ nerve carries sensation from the tip of the nose (Give the specific name of the nerve). The cell bodies for the sensory neurons of this nerve are found in the __2__. Original Order: 13
1 external nasal 2. trigemina ganglion
Motor innervation to the mentalis muscle is via the __1__ branch of the cranial nerve __2__ (answer with a roman numeral).
1 marginal mandibular of 2 CN VII
An individual with uncorrected myopia (nearsightedness) looks at an object that is 25 feet away. Where is the focal point of the light rays for this object located? Original Order: 7 A: in front of the fovea B: on the fovea C: behind the fovea D: two of the above is possible
A
Intervals (joints) between bones in the midline of the cranial base of a newborn child consist of ✓A. hyaline cartilage. B. elastic cartilage. C. membrane. D. dense fibrous connective tissue. E. diploe.
A
Regarding corpora quadrigemina the visual tracking is allowed through: A: superior colliculi only B: inferior colliculi only C: superior and inferior colliculi D: cerebral peduncles
A
The cerebral arterial circle (of Willis) is an example of an anastomosis between branches of which two major arterial systems? A. Subclavian and internal carotid B. Internal carotid and external carotid C. External carotid and subclavian
A
The frontalis muscle is supplied by which of the following nerves? Original Order: 10 A: Temporal (CN VII) B: Buccal (CN VII) C: Supraorbital (CN V1) D: Long Buccal (CN V3)
A
The middle cerebral artery is a branch of: Original Order: 15 A: internal carotid artery B: external carotid artery C: vertebral artery D: subclavian artery
A
The substantia nigra is located in which part of the brain? Original Order: 9 A: Midbrain B: Medulla C: Cerebellum D: Cerebrum
A
Where are the cell bodies for postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to constrictor pupillae and ciliary muscles of the eye? Original Order: 24 A: Ciliary ganglion B: Trigeminal ganglion C: Superior cervical ganglion D: Dorsal root ganglion
A
Which brain region is involved in the control of rage, aggression and sexuality ? Original Order: 17 A: Amygdala B: Hippocampus C: Thalamus D: Corpora quadrigemina
A
Which of the following is correct regarding the function of the basal ganglia: A. It modulates and integrates components of motor activity B. It is involved in the control of sexuality C. It is involved in the formation of new episodic memories D. It regulates body temperature
A
Which of the following sutures typically ossifies completely and thus is not visible in an adult skull? Original Order: 17 A: Frontal B: Sagittal C: Lambdoidal D: Coronal
A
Which two bones form the major part of the floor of the orbit? Original Order: 24 A: maxillary and zygomatic B: maxillary and ethmoid C: zygomatic and sphenoid D: zygomatic and lacrimal
A
A scalp infection enters to the superior sagittal sinuses via: A. Emissary vein B. Middle cerebral vein C. Maxillary vein D. Ophthalmic vein
A emissary veins = infection enters the superior sagittal sinuses via these veins
Which of the following bones does not articulate at the pterion? A. Zygomatic B. Sphenoid C. Frontal D. Parietal E. Temporal
A pterion: frontal, parietal, sphenoid (greater wing), and temporal bones
After the facial nerve exits the stylomastoid foramen it ramifies within the substance of the parotid gland into five major branches to the face. Which of the following major branches innervates the muscles of facial expression located in the infraorbital region and upper lip of the face? (MORE THAN ONE ANSWER IS CORRECT. MARK TWO THAT APPLY) ✓A. Zygomatic B. Temporal C. Cervical ✓D. Buccal E. Marginal mandibular
A D
Which of the following represent a CORRECT match of the muscle, action and nerve (MARK TWO): Original Order: 17 A: Superior rectus - elevates eye - oculomotor B: Medial rectus - turns eye laterally - trochlear C: Superior oblique - depresses eye and turns it laterally - trochlear D: Inferior oblique - depresses eye and turns it medially - trochlear Rationale: (1) Superior rectus - elevates eye - oculomotor (2) Superior oblique - depresses eye and turns it laterally - trochlear
A and C
What are the functions of the Eustachian tube? (SELECT TWO CORRECT ANSWERS.) Original Order: 14 A: drain fluids from the middle ear B: drain fluids from the cochlea C: drain fluids from the inner ear D: balance pressure between the middle and external ear E: balance pressure between the middle and inner ear Rationale: (1) drain fluids from the middle ear (2) balance pressure between the middle and external ear
A and D
Which of the following foramina are found in the sphenoid bone? (MORE THAN ONE ANSWER IS CORRECT. MARK TWO THAT APPLY) ✓A. Foramen ovale B. Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen ✓D. Foramen rotundum
A and D
circle of willis
A structure at the base of the brain that is formed by the joining of the carotid and basilar arteries.
All of the following are branches of the facial artery EXCEPT: A. superficial temporal artery. B. angular artery. C. superior labial artery. D. inferior labial artery. E. lateral nasal artery.
A. branches of facial artery: inferior labial, superior labial, lateral nasal, angular superficial temporal artery is a branch of external carotid artery
A scalp infection spreading intracranially via the parietal emissary veins would first enter which of the following venous sinuses? A. Sigmoid ✓B. Superior sagittal C. Transverse D. Cavernous E. Inferior sagittal
B
Infection from the skin of the nose (danger triangle) that spreads intracranially via a venous pathway will enter which intracranial venous sinus first? A. Superior sagittal sinus B. Cavernous sinus C. Straight sinus D. Transverse sinus E. Inferior sagittal sinus
B
Most of the cerebral aqueduct is located within the A. thalamus. B. midbrain. C. pons. D. cerebellum. E. medulla.
B
Movement of the stapes directly forces the movement of ___ found in the ___. Original Order: 9 A: endolymph, cochlear duct B: perilymph, scala vestibuli C: perilymph, scala tympani D: perilymph, cochlear duct Rationale: perilymph, scala vestibuli
B
Symptoms of Bell's palsy (paralysis of facial muscles) may include all of the following EXCEPT A. inability to whistle. B. difficulty keeping the eye open. C. drooping of the corner of the mouth. D. accumulation of food in the buccal vestibule when chewing. E. difficulty sucking on a straw.
B
The artery that supplies most of the cranial dura mater is the: A. internal carotid B. middle meningeal C. external carotid D. occipital E. facial
B
The connection between third and fourth ventricles is via the: Original Order: 15 A: interventricular foramen B: cerebral aqueduct C: median foramen D: lateral foramen Rationale: cerebral aqueduct
B
The connection between third and fourth ventricles is via: Original Order: 35 A: interventricular foramen B: cerebral aqueduct C: median foramen D: lateral foramen
B
The mental nerve is a branch of the Original Order: 31 A: ophthalmic division of the trigeminal. B: mandibular division of the trigeminal. C: mandibular branch of the facial nerve. D: buccal branch of the facial nerve. E: maxillary division of the trigeminal.
B
The zygomatic arch is formed by the union of bony processes of the zygomatic bone and the ________ bone. Original Order: 23 A: Sphenoid B: Temporal C: Parietal D: Maxillary
B
The ³danger zone´of the scalp is recognized as which of the following layers? Original Order: 33 A: Galea aponeurotica B: Loose connective tissue C: Pericranium D: Skin E: Subcutaneous connective tissue
B
Three types of nerve fibers flow through the ciliary ganglion. Which type of fibers synapse in the ganglion? Original Order: 27 A: Sympathetic only B: Parasympathetic only C: Both sympathetic and parasympathetic D: Both general sensory and parasympathetic
B
What type of joint is found in the developing cartilage of the human cranial base? Original Order: 9 A: Syndesmosis B: Synchondrosis C: Gomphosis D: Suture
B
When the drug atropine is placed in the eye, the pupil remains temporarily dilated. This would indicate that which of the following nerve pathways has been anesthetized (blocked)? Original Order: 4 A: Optic B: Oculomotor C: Facial D: Ophthalmic
B
Which of the following statements about the tentorium cerebelli is INCORRECT? A. It is an arched, horizontal fold of dura mater. B. It separates the two cerebellar hemispheres. C. It roofs the posterior cranial fossa. D. It prevents inferior displacement of the occipital lobes of the brain when standing. E. It is attached posteriorly to the occipital bone along the grooves for the transverse sinuses.
B
Much of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, including the precentral gyrus and Broca's area, receive blood supply via the _________ artery. A. anterior cerebral B. middle cerebral C. posterior cerebral D. vertebral E. middle meningeal
B anterior cerebral- supply the anterior portion of the medial surface of brain to branches on top of branch (lateral surface) middle cerebral - comes from internal carotid artery passes the inferior surface of brain to supply lateral surface of the brain posterior cerebral - supply posterior portion of brain and inferior aspect of the temporal lobe
A sixty-four-year old man was diagnosed with an acoustic Schwannoma (tumor of CN VIII) where it entered the temporal bone. What other cranial nerve might also be affected since this nerve uses the same foramen as CN VIII in its course? A. Abducens B. Facial C. Glossopharyngeal D. Trigeminal E. Vagus
B VII also uses the same foramen as CNVIII - internal acoustic meatus
All of the following venous sinuses contribute to form the confluence of the sinuses, EXCEPT: Original Order: 3 A: Superior sagittal B: Inferior sagittal C: Transverse D: Straight
B confluence of sinuses: superior sagittal sinus, transverse, and straight
As they exit the brain, all of the following cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers EXCEPT the ____ nerve. Original Order: 12 A: oculomotor B: trigeminal C: facial D: glossopharyngeal
B parasympathetic fibers = autonomic nervous system= GSE The parasympathetic fibres begin in the central nervous system. The nerves supplying the head and neck are situated within four nuclei, located within the brainstem. Each nucleus is associated with a cranial nerve (the oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves) - these nerves carry the parasympathetic fibres out of the brain. trigeminal is GSA
A patient reports numbness (anesthesia) of the lower lip and chin on the left side of the face. What nerve is most likely involved? A. Infraorbital B. Mental C. Marginal mandibular branch of the facial D. Long buccal
B numbness is a sensory sensation - trigeminal nerve - mental n.
A subdural hematoma typically results from tearing of and bleeding from A. emissary veins. B. the middle meningeal artery. C. cerebral bridging veins. D. choroid plexus. E. arachnoid villi.
C
All of the following are found within the cavernous sinuses EXCEPT A. venous blood. B. the internal carotid artery. C. cerebrospinal fluid. D. the adbucens nerve.
C
All of the following arteries contribute to the formation of the Circle of Willis EXCEPT the: Original Order: 29 A: posterior communicating. B: anterior communicating. C: middle meningeal. D: internal carotid.
C
Regarding the cranial base, the following bones are part of the cartilaginous neurocranium or chondrocranium, EXCEPT: A. Ethmoid B. Sphenoid C. Lacrimal D. Occipital
C
Separation of the scalp layers is most easily accomplished between the: Original Order: 47 A: skin and subjacent dense connective tissue. B: dense connective tissue and the aponeurosis of the fronto-occipitalis muscle. C: aponeurosis and the pericranium D: two plates (diploe) of the calvarium.
C
The area of cerebral cortex associated with speech production (motor speech) is: Original Order: 22 A: the precentral gyrus. B: the postcentral gyrus. C: Broca's area. D: Wernicke's area. Rationale: Broca's area
C
The hypothalamus and neurohypophysis are derived from the embryonic A. telencephalon. B. mesencephalon. C. diencephalon. D. hindbrain. E. Rathke's pouch.
C
The ophthalmic artery passes through which opening? Original Order: 48 A: Inferior orbital fissure B: Superior orbital fissure C: Optic canal D: Foramen rotundum E: Foramen ovale
C
The two muscles whose action would be most helpful when sucking on a straw are the Original Order: 26 A: Levator anguli oris and depressor anguli oris B: Zygomaticus major and platysma C: Buccinator and orbicularis oris D: Levator labii superioris and zygomaticus major E: Risorius and mentalis.
C
What aspect of vision is NOT affected during accommodation? Original Order: 12 A: strength of the lens B: shape of the lens C: size of the pupil D: contraction of ciliary muscles E: tautness of the suspensory ligaments Rationale: size of the pupil
C
Where are the cochlea and vestibular apparatus located? Original Order: 21 A: external ear B: middle ear C: inner ear D: in two of the above
C
Which of the following arteries is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery in the face? Original Order: 21 A: facial artery B: supraorbital artery C: superficial temporal artery. D: supratroclear artery
C
A man who has a deep laceration of the scalp with profuse bleeding is seen in the emergency room. His epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica) is penetrated, resulting in severe gaping of the wound. Immediately underlying the epicranial aponeurosis is A. the tendon of the occipitofrontalis muscle. B. highly vascular subcutaneous connective tissue. C. loose (areolar) connective tissue. D. the periosteum (pericranium) of the skull. E. the dura mater.
C SCALP Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue pericranium
Damage to the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) could affect all of following, EXCEPT the ability: Original Order: 28 A: to elevate the eye B: to turn the eye medially C: to dilate the pupillae muscles D: to constrict the pupillae muscles
C dilating the eye is from innervation via postsynaptic fibers from superior cervical ganglion running through ciliary ganglion
A patient reports numbness in the upper lip and side of the nose. Which nerve is most likely involved? A. External nasal B. Infratrochlear C. Infraorbital D. Zygomaticofacial E. E. Long buccal
C external nasal -sensory innervation to tip of nose infratrochlear - sensory innervation to root of nose maxillary division V2 of trigeminal n. infraorbital (comes from infraorbital foramen) - inferior palpebral - eyelid - lateral nasal - lateral aspect of nose superior labial - sensory innervation to upper lip zygomaticofacial - zygomatic bone and skin over zygoma zygomaticotemporal - anterior to temporal fossa long buccal - sensory to skin and mucosa over buccinator muscles
Separation of the scalp layers is most easily accomplished between the: Original Order: 7 A: skin and subjacent dense connective tissue. B: dense connective tissue and the aponeurosis of the fronto-occipitalis muscle. C: aponeurosis and the pericranium D: two plates (diploe) of the calvarium.
C separate from loose connective tissue
Fracture of the cranium in the vicinity of the jugular foramen may result in specific neurologic signs. In addition to the internal jugular vein, the jugular foramen contains which of the following nerves? Mark all that apply. A. Facial nerve B. Hypoglossal nerve ✓C. Glossopharyngeal nerve D. Vestibulocochlear nerve. ✓E. Vagus nerve.
C and E
How is visual acuity achieved? Original Order: 6 A: increasing strength of the lens B: relaxing the lens C: moving the focal point on the fovea D: moving the focal point behind the fovea Rationale: moving the focal point on the fovea
C: moving the focal point on the fovea
Nerves that pass through superior orbital fissure
CN III, CN IV, and CN VI, CN V1
In the attached image: The arrow "A" is pointing to cranial nerve __1__ (answer with roman numeral). Identify nerve labeled "B" __2__. Identify nerve labeled "C" __3__.
CN IV trochlear nerve lacrimal nerve CN II
superior orbital fissure
CN V1, CN III, CN IV
foramen rotundum
CN V2
What makes up the hindbrain?
Cerebellum and Medulla Oblongata
After a stroke a patient can speak but his words make no sense. What brain area has likely been damaged? A. Prefrontal cortex B. Occipital cortex C. Broca's area D. Wernicke's area E. E. Hypothalamus
D
All of the following cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure, EXCEPT: Original Order: 12 A: CN III B: CN IV C: CNVI D: CN II
D
Cutaneous innervation to the upper lip is via the Original Order: 3 A: mental nerve. B: long buccal nerve. C: buccal branch of the facial nerve. D: infraorbital nerve. E: external nasal nerve.
D
Major fiber bundles (tracts) connecting the forebrain to the hindbrain are found in the: Original Order: 19 A: cerebellar peduncles. B: corpus callosum. C: pyramids D: cerebral peduncles
D
Motor innervation to the lateral rectus muscle is via which of the following nerves? Original Order: 4 A: Trochlear nerve B: Opthalmic nerve C: Oculomotor nerve D: Abducens nerve E: Nasociliary nerve
D
Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons to the constrictor pupillae of the eye have their cell bodies in the: A. superior cervical ganglion B. brain C. upper thoracic spinal cord D. ciliary ganglion E. trigeminal ganglion
D
Sensations from the left face and teeth are interpreted in which of the following lobes of the cerebrum? A. left frontal B. right frontal C. left parietal D. right parietal E. left temporal F. right temporal
D
Several genes (e.g. Msx) have been implicated in normal maintenance of skull sutures during postnatal development. Premature closure of which of the following sutures would result in compensatory anterior-posterior growth of the skull? A. coronal B. lambdoidal C. midpalatal D. sagittal E. spheno-occipital
D
The artery that supplies most of the blood to the dura mater passes through which of the following? A. Carotid canal B. Foramen ovale C. Jugular foramen ✓D. Foramen spinosum E. Superior orbital fissue
D
The terminal branch of the facial artery is the Original Order: 7 A: transverse facial. B: superior labial. C: lateral nasal. D: angular. E: inferior labial.
D
Which cranial nerve is the only one that emerges from the dorsal (posterior) aspect of the brainstem? A. CN III B. CN VI C. CN II D. CN IV E. CN XI
D
All of the following cranial nerves are within the cavernous sinus, EXCEPT: Original Order: 42 A: CN III (oculomotor nerve) B: CN IV (trochlear nerve) C: CN VI (abducens nerve) D: CN VII (facial nerve)
D contents of cavernous sinus: CN III, CN IV, CN V ophthalmic n. and CN V2 , CN VI
All of the following bones are found in the anterior cranial fossa, EXCEPT: Original Order: 20 A: ethmoid B: frontal C: sphenoid D: temporal
D anterior cranial fossa: frontal bone, ethmoid, and sphenoid
Sensory nerves pass through all of the following foramen, EXCEPT: Original Order: 6 A: mental B: supraorbital C: infraorbital D: stylomastoid
D facial nerve passes through stylomastoid foramen; facial nerve is a motor nerve
Which TWO of the following nerves carry ONLY somatic motor fibers? (MORE THAN ONE ANSWER IS CORRECT. MARK TWO THAT APPLY) A. Phrenic B. Long buccal C. Oculomotor ✓D. Spinal accessory ✓E. Buccal branch of CN VII
D and E spinal accessory nerve innervate SCM and trapezius _ GSE buccal branch of CN VII- motor innervation to the buccinator ms. GSE Phrenic nerve - GSE and GSA Long buccal - GSA Oculomotor - GSA
All of the following are features of the midbrain EXCEPT the A. substantial nigra. B. superior and inferior colliculi. C. cerebral peduncles. D. cerebral aqueduct. E. pyramids.
E
An infant was found to have hydrocephalus. Studies revealed that the hydrocephalus was caused because CSF could not get out of the third ventricle. The passage blocked was the A. central canal of the spinal cord B. interventricular foramen (of Munro) C. subarachnoid space D. median aperture of the 4th ventricle ✓E. cerebral aqueduct
E
Loss of pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain is characteristic of which of the following conditions? A. Stroke (cerebrovascular accident). B. Multiple sclerosis. C. ALS. D. Alzheimer's disease. E. Parkinson's disease.
E
The pterion region is formed by all of the following bones, EXCEPT: Original Order: 13 A: frontal B: temporal C: parietal D: greater wing of sphenoid E: lesser wing of sphenoid
E
What part of the brain sits in the anterior cranial fossa? A. Pons B. Cerebellum C. Temporal lobes D. Occipital lobes E. Frontal lobes
E
Venous blood in the superior sagittal sinus typically flows directly into the A. cavernous sinus. B. inferior sagittal sinus. C. internal jugular vein. D. great cerebral vein (of Galen). ✓E. confluens of sinuses.
E venous blood in the superior sagittal sinus flows into transverse sinuses
All of the following facial muscles contribute to smiling expression EXCEPT: A. zygomaticus major. B. zygomaticus minor. C. risorius. D. levator anguli oris. ✓E. depressor anguli oris.
E zygomaticus major: laughing muscle risorius - retract the mouth levator anguli oris- lifts the angle of mouth zygomaticus minor - lifts up lip depressor anguli oris - depresses the angle of mouth
Somatic motor (GSE) neurons to the zygomaticus major muscle pass through which of the following foramina? A. Foramen rotundum B. Zygomaticofacial foramen C. Zygomaticotemporal foramen D. Infraorbital foramen E. Stylomastoid foramen
E somatic motor to zygomaticus major which is a facial muscle for one to smile facial muscles motor innervation - CN VII CN VII pass through stylomastoid foramen
The muscle that depresses the eye and turns it laterally is innervated by which cranial nerve? A. Oculomotor, CN III B. Facial, CN VII C. Trigeminal, CN V1 D. Abducens, CN VI E. Trochlear, CN IV
E superior oblique innervated by trochlear nerve
emissary veins
Infection in loose connective tissue can spread within the cranial cavity via the emissary veins that passes through the parietal foramina
tentorium cerebelli
It is attached posteriorly to the occipital bone along the grooves for the transverse sinuses. It prevents inferior displacement of the occipital lobes of the brain when standing. It roofs the posterior cranial fossa. It is an arched, horizontal fold of dura mater.
pterion
Junction of frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones
ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
SSI LE supraorbital supratrochlear Infratrochlear lacrimal External nasal
The nerve labeled "A" is a branch of cranial nerve? __1__. Identify the muscle labeled "E"__2__. Identify the structure labeled "B" __3__ Original Order: 25
VII orbicularis oculi parotid duct
Identify the arteries labeled "A" in the attached image__1__. Identify the artery labeled "B" in the attached image__2__. Identify the artery labeled "C"__3__. Identify the artery labeled "D" __4__ Original Order: 1
anterior cerebral arteries basilar artery middle cerebral artery internal carotid artery
epidural hematoma
bleeding into the potential space between the bone and dura mater Typically caused by traumatic injury of the middle meningeal artery due to skull fracture Causes compression of the brain and can be fatal if untreated
subdural hematoma
bleeeding into the potential space between dura and arachnoid Typically caused by - violent shaking or jarring of the head Small bringing veins are torn - Connect surface of brain to the sinus Small children and the elderly are particularly susceptible - Fragile bv in elderly
Lacrimal:
carries sensory supply to the lateral aspect of the eyelid
Infratrochlear:
carries sensory supply to the root of nose
what makes up forebrain?
cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal nuclei, amygdala, hippocampus
constrictor pupillae
circular fibers decrease pupil size innervation via postsynaptic fibers from ciliary ganglion ( presynaptic carried with CN III_
Cavernous sinuses
communicate with tributaries of the facial vein via the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins and via the pterygoid plexus Facial vein has no valve and usually drains into the internal jugular vein Facial vein also communicate with the cavernous sinus Contents: CN VI, CN IV, part of trigeminal Infection that involves cavernous sinus = bad wound Pain in the upper central lateral 1st bicuspid - take it seriously!!!
interventricular foramen
connects lateral ventricles to third ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
connects the third and fourth ventricles
superior oblique
depresses eye and turns it laterally Trochlear nerve CN IV
parkinsons' disease
destruction of the cells in the substantial nigra loss of dopamine bradykinesia: slowing movement akinesia: loss of movement
bleeding from middle meningeal artery caused
epidural hematoma
Identify the meningeal fold indicated by arrow "A" in the attached image __1__.Identify the sinus indicated by arrow "B" in the attached image __2__. Identify the sinus indicated by arrow "C" in the attached image __3__. Identify the meningeal fold indicated by arrow "D" in the attached image __4__ Original Order: 2
falx cerebri inferior sagittal sinus straight sinus tentorium cerebelli
nerves jugular foramen
glossopharyngeal n. CN IX vagus n CN X spinal accessory n. (CN XI
facial artery branches
inferior labial, superior labial, lateral nasal, angular
Maxillary Artery Branches
infraorbital artery buccal artery mental artery middle meningeal artery
In the image attached: Identify nerve labeled "A" __1__. This nerve is a branch from which division of the trigeminal nerve? (choose one: V1; V2; V3) __2__. Identify nerve labeled "B" __3__. This nerve is a branch from which division of the trigeminal nerve? (choose one: V1; V2; V3) __4__. Identify nerve labeled "C"__5__. This nerve is a branch from which division of the trigeminal nerve? (choose one: V1; V2; V3)__6__. Original Order: 8
infratrochlear V1 zygomaticotemporal V2 auriculotemporal V3
confluence of sinuses
intersection of superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinuses, occipital sinus
ophthalmic artery branches
lacrimal artery: lacrimal branch and zygomatic branch posterior ciliary supraorbital posterior and anterior ethmoidal arteries dorsal nasal a. supratrochlear a.
dura mater is supplied by the
middle meningeal artery which is a branch of the maxillary artery ( branch of external carotid artery)
Contents of Cavernous sinuses
oculomotor nerve CN III trochlear n. CN IV abducens n. CN VI ophthalmic n CN V1 portion of maxillary nerve CN V2 internal carotid a.
cranial nerves
oh oh oh to take a family vacation go Vegas after hour oh - olfactory CN I oh - optic CN II oh- oculomotor CN III to- trochlear CN IV take - trigeminal CN V A- Abducens CN VI Family - facial n. CN VII vacation - vestibulotrochlear CN VIII go - glossopharyngeal CN IX vegas - vagus n. CN X after - accessory n. CN IX hour - hypoglossal n. CN XII
Presynaptic __1__ (choose one: sympathetic or parasympathetic) fibers carried by the __2__ nerve (use roman numerals) will synapse in the __3__ ganglion. Following synapse post-synaptic __4__ (choose one: sympathetic or parasympathetic) fibers innervate __5__ pupillae (choose one: constrictor or dilator) and __6__ muscles via the __7__ nerves to accommodate for the near vision. Original Order: 5
parasympathetic CN III ciliary ganglion parasympathetic constrictor ciliary short ciliary
amygdala
part of forebrain Lies at tail of caudate nucleus but it is not functionally part of the basal ganglia Involved in the control of range, aggression and sexuallity
basal ganglia
part of forebrain collection of deep brain structures that modulate and integrate components of motor activity System depends on dopamine- affected by parkinson's disease - Caudate nucleus - Putamen - Globus pallidus
middle meningeal artery
passes through Foramen Spinosum branch of Maxillary artery
basilar artery split to form
posterior cerebral arteries
dilator pupillae
radiating fibers dilates pupil innervation via postsynapitic fibers from superior cervical ganglion running through ciliary ganglion
inferior colliculi
sound location focusing attention to auditory stimuli
bleeding from small bridging veins which connect surface of brain to the sinus caused
subdural hematoma
sphenoid bone foramina
superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale
supraorbital n.
supply forehead up to scalp
Identify the nerve labeled "B" __1__. Identify the nerve labeled "C" __2__.Identify the muscle labeled "D" __3__. Original Order: 3
supraorbital nerve infraorbital nerve zygomaticus major
In the attached image: Identify the cranial nerve labeled "A" __1__. Identify the cranial nerve labeled "B"__2__. Identify the cranial nerve labeled "C"__3__. Original Order: 24
trigeminal nerve CN V Abducens nerv CN VI trochlear nerve CN IV
lateral rectus
turns eye laterally innervation from CN VI abducens
cerebral blood supply
vertebral a. (30%) internal carotid arteries (70%)
superior colliculi
visual tracking coordination of head turning and eye movements
floor of orbit
zygomatic bone and maxillary bone