QOD #5
Which sequence best represents the relationship between DNA and the traits of an organism? (1) : DNA base sequence —> Amino acid sequence —> Protein shape —> Protein function —> Trait (2) : DNA base sequence —> Protein shape —> Amino acid sequence —> Protein function —> Trait (3) : DNA base sequence —> Amino acid sequence —> Protein function —> Protein shape —> Trait (4) : DNA base sequence —> Protein function —> Amino acid sequence —> Protein shape —> Trait
(1)
Base your answers to the questions on the Universal Genetic Code Chart below and on your knowledge of biology. | U | C | A | G | |—————————————————————————- —-| UUU-PHE | UCU-SER | UAU-TYR | UGU-CYS U | UUC-PHE | UCC-SER | UAC-TYR | UGC-CYS —-| UUA-LEU | UCA-SER | UAA-STOP | UGA-STOP —-| UUG-LEU | UCG-SER | UAG-STOP | UGG-TRP ___|_____________________________________________________________ —-| | | | —-| CUU-LEU | CCU-PRO | CAU-HIS | CGU-ARG C | CUC-LEU | CCC-PRO | CAC-HIS | CGC-ARG —-| CUA-LEU | CCA-PRO | CAA-GLN | CGA-ARG —-| CUG-LEU | CCG-PRO | CAG-GLN | CGG-ARG ___|_____________________________________________________________ —-| | | | —-| AUU-ILE | ACU-THR | AAU-ASN | AGU-SER A | AUC-ILE | ACC-THR | AAC-ASN | AGC-SER —-| AUA-ILE | ACA-THR | AAA-LYS | AGA-ARG —-| AUG-MET | ACG-THR | AAG-LYS | AGG-ARG ___|_OR START_________________________________________________ —-| —-| GUU-VAL | GCU-ALA | GAU-ASP | GGU-GLY G | GUC-VAL | GCC-ALA | GAC -ASP | GGC-GLY —-| GUA-VAL | GCA-ALA | GAA-GLU | GGA-GLY —-| GUG-VAL | GCG-ALA | GAG-GLU | GGG-GLY ___|_____________________________________________________________ The table below shows the DNA, mRNA, and amino acid sequences from two similar plant species. Using the information given, fill in the missing mRNA base sequences for species A on the table below. Using the Universal Genetic Code Chart, fill in the missing amino acids for species B on the table below Species A: DNA base sequence: CCG , TGC , ATA , CAG , GTA mRNA base sequence: [blank] , [blank] , UAU , [blank] , [blank] amino acid sequence: GLY , THR , TYR , VAL , HIS Species B: DNA base sequence: CCG , TGC , ATA , CAG , GTT mRNA base sequence: GGC , ACG , UAU , GUC , CAA amino acid sequence: GLY , [blank] , [blank] , VAL , [blank]
1. GGC 2. ACG 3. GUC 4. CAU 5. THR 6. TYR 7. GLN
If a mutation occurs, leaving 12 bases, what is the maximum number of amino acids that could be coded for by this DNA segment?
4 amino acids
The diagram below represents a model of a biological process that occurs in humans at normal body temperature, 37°C. A B D | | | ______ ______ __________ _____ _________ | ______| | |_____| | |_____ | | | ____ —> | | ___ —> | | + ____ | | |____< <____| | ____<<____| |____< <_________| | C Increasing body temperature to 40°C would interfere most directly with the rate of function of structure
A
Base your answers to the questions on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. Building Building Building Block + Block + Block + . . . ——> Protein A B. C Identify the type of building block represented by the letters A, B, and C.
Amino Acids
Which statement explains the importance of maintaining a constant internal environment to ensure proper enzyme functioning?
Increasing the temperature and pH can alter the specific shape of enzymes.
Base your answer to the question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram compares cell functions with jobs in a factory. [image redacted]
Ribosomes
The work of a cell is carried out by the many different types of molecules it assembles. Most of these molecules are proteins. Explain how the cell is able to make the many different proteins it needs. In your answer, be sure to: • identify where in the cell the information necessary to construct a particular protein is located and the specific molecule that contains this information [1] • identify both the cellular structure that assembles these proteins and the kinds of molecules that are used as the building blocks of the proteins [1]
The DNA in the Nucleus
The graph below shows the results of an action of the enzyme catalase on a piece of meat. Evidence of enzyme activity is indicated by bubbles of oxygen. [image redacted] Which statement best summarizes the activity of catalase shown in the graph?
The enzyme works better at 35°C than at either temperature extreme.
Which statement best describes enzymes?
The rate of activity of an enzyme might change as pH changes
Which cell structures are correctly paired with their functions?
The ribosomes make proteins, and the nucleus stores genetic information
If the sequence of building blocks were changed, what effect could it most likely have on the protein?
The shape and function of the protein would change
Which statement describes a similarity between all enzymes, antibodies, and hormones?
Their chemical structure is critical to their ability to function.
Base your answers to questions on the DNA base sequence below and on your knowledge of biology. AAC-GCC-GTC-CGC-TAG Identify the mRNA codons that would be produced using this DNA as a template. DNA base sequence: AAC GCC GTC CGC TAG
UUG CGG CAG GCG AUC
The shape of a protein is originally determined by the
arrangement of amino acids in the protein
One effect of uncontrolled diabetes is that the blood might develop an acidic pH. As a result, cells may not be able to regulate their internal pH. Within these cells, this could cause a disruption of the function of biological catalysts known as
enzymes
The way a protein molecule is folded determines the shape of the molecule, which determines the
function of that protein
Which two cell structures work together in the process of protein synthesis?
nucleus and ribosome
The function of a specific enzyme is most directly influenced by its
physical shape
DNA is able to control cellular activities most directly by regulating the process of
protein synthesis
Researchers use a variety of techniques to learn more about the function of a specific gene in an organism. In one type of experiment, called a loss-of-function experiment, the gene being investigated is eliminated. In a gain-of-function experiment, extra copies of the gene being investigated are inserted. The cell process most directly affected in both experiments is
protein synthesis
In a cell, protein synthesis is the primary function of
ribosomes
