Quiz: 06 Vision

A benign tumour is pressing on the nasal sides of the optic nerves of Deanna's right and left eyes. What type of vision loss will she experience? A) Vision loss in the right and left lateral visual fields. B) Vision loss the right and left medial visual fields. C) Vision loss in the entire left visual field. D) Vision loss in the entire right visual field.

A

A patient comes in the hospital complaining of being unable to see anything in her left visual field. During her test, she is unable to identify the colour of the toy in her right visual field. Which parts of the brain might be damaged in this patient? A) Right optic tract and left temporal lobe B) Right optic nerve and left temporal lobe C) Right optic tract and left parietal lobe D) Right optic nerve and right parietal lobe

A

Based on your knowledge of photoreceptors, which of the following statements is correct? A) Visual acuity decreases substantially at night due to poor functioning of cones in dim light conditions. B) The larger number of cones than rods in the eye provides humans with exceptional acuity. C) Rods provide the greatest colour perception at night under dim light conditions. D) The high concentration of rods in the fovea contributes to its superior acuity.

A

Ben can only see his dog Spot when Spot is situated somewhere in Ben's right visual field and Ben is unable to gauge how quickly Spot is running towards him. What regions in Ben's visual pathway are most likely damaged? A) The right optic tract and the dorsal stream of the extrastriate cortex. B) The right topic tract and the ventral stream of the extrastriate cortex. C) The left optic tract and the ventral stream of the extrastriate cortex. D) The left optic tract and the dorsal stream of the extrastriate cortex.

A

Frank is presented with a dim light that appears to be faintly purple in colour. In which of the following responses would Frank be correct in his description of the light? A) The light has a small amplitude, is relatively desaturated, and is comprised of one of the highest frequencies that humans are able to see. B) The light has a small amplitude, is comprised of only a single wavelength, and exists inside the visible spectrum. C) The light consists of a single wavelength that is considered short for humans, and has a small amplitude. D) The light is pure, and is comprised of light of relatively short wavelengths found at the beginning of the visual spectrum.

A

If the human eye were altered so that the bulk of the rods were concentrated in the fovea, and the bulk of the cones were in the periphery of the retina, how would our visual experience change? A) When looking slightly to one side of an object, we would see it in strong detail. B) When looking directly at an object, we would better identify colour. C) When looking slightly to one side of an object, we would have good night vision. D) When looking directly at an object, we would have excellent acuity during the day.

A

Jenna is watching a red car pass through her visual field. Which of the following would accurately describe the visual processing occurring in Jenna's brain? A) A visual stimulus of a tree that was processed in an area of the retina close to the car would also be processed in a nearby area of the primary visual cortex. B) Most of the retinal cells carrying the visual stimulus will synapse in the medial reticulate nucleus in the thalamus before being sent to the primary visual cortex. C) The complex processing of a moving visual stimulus would make it more likely that the receptive field of a V1 cell would be comprised of only a few lateral geniculate nuclei. D) When looking at the car with her left eye, visual information about the car would only travel to the right side of her brain.

A

Of the following statements, which is most correct regarding the eyes of prey animals? A) Thier eyes are positioned laterally to provide an almost entirely separate field of view. B) Thier eyes are positioned laterally to provide strong depth perception. C) Thier eyes are positioned laterally to provide a single large field of view. D) Their eyes are positioned laterally to provide strong binocular overlap.

A

What best describes the vision of a vertebrate with lenses that were permanently fat and round, and retinas that were comprised entirely of cones, with no rods? A) They have good acuity for objects close up, and easily distinguish colours. B) They have poor acuity for objects at long distances, and have difficulty distinguishing colours. C) They have good acuity for objects at long distances, and easily distinguish colours. D) They have poor acuity for objects close up, and have difficulty distinguishing colours.

A

What property is characteristic of a pure purple source of lightwaves? A) A small distance between successive peaks. B) Varying distances between successive peaks. C) A large distance between successive peaks. D) The exact same moderate distance between peaks.

A

Which of the following best describes a neural signal's pathway? A) Photoreceptors > Thalamus > Extrastriate Cortex B) Cornea > Vitreous Humor > Retina C) Ganglion cells > Bipolar cells > Photoreceptors D) Retina > extrastriate cortex > primary visual cortex

A

Which of the following best explains how the eye uses cumulative selection in evolution? A) The existing eye undergoes a modification and then new changes are made to the modified eye. B) The existing eye undergoes many collective modifications that occur in one step. C) Eye formation undergoes collective modifications that decrease the sophistication of the eye making it easier to use. D) Eye formation uses inputs from many different species to spontaneously form.

A

Which of the following correctly pairs an anatomical component of the eye with its description? A) The iris is comprised of a band of muscles that regulate pupil size. B) The pupil is the flexible structure that does the final focusing of light. C) The sclera is the transparent curved outermost region of the eye. D) The lens is the round black window in the center of the eye.

A

Which of the following is most correct regarding rod cells? A) Rod cells exist most densely in the area immediately surrounding the fovea. B) Rods are used for night vision because they provide good visual acuity but no colour information. C) Overall, there are fewer rod cells than cone cells in the retina of the eye. D) Each rod cell has a direct connection to the brain through one retinal ganglion cell.

A

Which of the following statements about photoreceptors is correct? A) Both cones and rods are depolarized and in their active states in darkness. B) Rods are found throughout the retina in varying concentrations but cones are found only in the fovea. C) During dark adaptation, the rods begin to adapt quicker than cones resulting in an immediate improvement in sensitivity. D) A total loss of rods result in a decrease in visual acuity during both light and dark conditions.

A

Which of the following statements is correct? A) The human eye can detect electromagnetic radiation. B) The greater the energy of a waveform, the greater the saturation. C) Light is described only as a waveform. D) Our perception of colour is limited to seven basic elements of colour.

A

A wazzit is a small mammal that is preyed on by larger animals. Thus, wazzits only leave their homes at night to feed. What type of eyes would they most likely have? A) Small eyes with a crude lens B) Big eyes placed laterally on the head C) Big eyes placed towards the front of the head D) Small eyes placed laterally on the head

B

In a dark environment, which type of vertebrate with big eyes would be most suited to survive as prey? A) Front-facing eyes with a large number of rods. B) Laterally directed eyes with a large number of rods. C) Laterally directed eyes with a large number of cones. D) Front-facing eyes with a large number of cones.

B

In the context of vision, what does accomodation refer to, and what function does it serve? A) The dilation and constriction of the pupil; adjusts focus based on object's distance. B) The shortening and elongation of the lens; adjusts focus based on object's distance. C) The shortening and elongation of the lens; adjusts the amount of light reaching the retina. D) The dilation and constriction of the pupil; adjusts the amount of light reaching the retina.

B

Jenna is watching a red car pass through her visual field. Which of the following would accurately describe the visual processing occurring in Jenna's brain? A) When looking at the car with her left eye, visual information about the car would only travel to the right side of her brain. B) A visual stimulus of a tree that was processed in an area of the retina close to the car would also be processed in a nearby area of the primary visual cortex. C) The complex processing of a moving visual stimulus would make it more likely that the receptive field of a V1 cell would be comprised of only a few lateral geniculate nuclei. D) Most of the retinal cells carrying the visual stimulus will synapse in the medial reticulate nucleus in the thalamus before being sent to the primary visual cortex.

B

Scientists in the jungle have just discovered a new vertebrate species. This species has large, laterally directed eyes. Which of the following most accurately describes the environment of this species? A) This species likely lives in an environment with many predators that stand out from the trees. B) This species likely lives in an environment with many predators that may easily blend in with the trees. C) This species likely lives in an environment with many prey opportunities that may easily blend in with the trees. D) This species likely lives in an environment with many prey opportunities that stand out from the trees.

B

Which is a correct observation that demonstrates the convergence of information from multiple inputs to a single output? A) Multiple horizontal cells to a single bipolar cell. B) Multiple LGN cells to a single V1 cell. C) Multiple LGN cells to a single ganglion cell. D) Multiple ganglion cells to a single photoreceptor.

B

Which of the following is most correct regarding the function of the lens? A) It is the final structure that light passes through before reaching the retina. B) It becomes elongated when focusing on an image that is far away. C) It becomes thinner and rounder when focusing an image that is close. D) It changes its shape through the movement of the iris.

B

Which of the following statements regarding structures of the eye is correct? A) The lens accounts for the majority of the focusing power of the eye while the cornea accounts for the rest. B) Despite one being opaque and the other transparent, the sclera and cornea are made of the same fibers. C) Relative to normal, a shorter eyeball results in nearsightedness while a longer one results in farsightedness. D) Individuals with myopia has difficulty seeing objects that are relatively near.

B

Which statement correctly describes the function and distribution of photoreceptors? A) Cones are used to detect colour, and there are more cones than rods in the retina. B) Cones are used for day vision, and there are more cones than rods in the fovea. C) Rods are used for night vision, and there are more rods than cones in the fovea. D) Rods are used to detect colour, and there are more rods than cones in the retina.

B

An alien species has a fovea comprised entirely of rods, with cones found in increased concentrations in the periphery of the retina. Which of the following statements is correct? A) The alien will have the highest visual acuity in the fovea and lower visual acuity in the periphery. B) To identify colour in dim lighting conditions, the alien should move its eyes to focus the image on its fovea. C) To see something most clearly in dim light, the alien should focus the image on its fovea. D) To focus upon the details of an image, the alien should move its eyes so the image falls on its fovea.

C

Angela is examining the anatomy of the eye of a newly discovered species of fish. She notes that the eye contains all of the same features as those found in the human eye, except that it does not contain an iris and the eyes are laterally directed. Which of the following would this species most likely not be able to do? A) Detect and respond quickly to a predators approaching from a variety of different angles. B) Change the focus on the image of an object depending on how close or far away it is. C) Adapt to changes in incoming light to allow more or less light to hit the retina. D) Detect differences in colour of approaching predators.

C

Of the following statements, which is most correct regarding the eyes of prey animals? A) Thier eyes are positioned laterally to provide strong depth perception. B) Thier eyes are positioned laterally to provide a single large field of view. C) Thier eyes are positioned laterally to provide an almost entirely separate field of view. D) Their eyes are positioned laterally to provide strong binocular overlap.

C

Vilma suffers from a rare disorder that is attacking only her rod cells. Which of the following effects most likely results from Vilma's condition? A) Vilma is able to clearly see objects directly in front of her and in her periphery. B) Vilma is unable to perceive colour information in her periphery. C) Vilma is unable to notice when her friends approach her from the side. D) Vilma is able to see objects that are still, but not those that are moving.

C

Which of the following best describes our current understanding of hemispatial neglect as presented in class? A) Patients with damage to the right parietal lobe will ignore the right side of the world and focus almost exclusively on the left side of the word. B) Patients have repressed feelings that manifest into neglecting people and objects recognized as having strong emotional significance. C) Patients with damage to the left parietal lobe show less severe symptoms than patients with damage to the right parietal lobe. D) Patients with damage to the left parietal lobe will ignore the right side of the world and focus almost exclusively on the left side of the word.

C

Which option would best describe the light wave of a bright blue object perceived by a human? A) Low amplitude and high frequency B) High amplitude and low frequency C) High amplitude and high frequency D) Low amplitude and low frequency

C

Zakk is having trouble seeing objects in his right visual field. Where along his visual pathway has damage most likely occurred? A) The nasal portions of his left and right retina. B) The left optic nerve before the optic chiasm. C) The temporal portion of his left retina or nasal portion of his right retina. D) The nasal portion of his left retina or temporal portion of his right retina.

C

A benign tumour is pressing on the nasal sides of the optic nerves of Deanna's right and left eyes. What type of vision loss will she experience? A) Vision loss in the entire left visual field. B) Vision loss the right and left medial visual fields. C) Vision loss in the entire right visual field. D) Vision loss in the right and left lateral visual fields.

D

Brian is a roofer and one day as he is climbing down a ladder, he slips and falls, striking the back of his head very hard as he lands. When he wakes up in the hospital, Brian discovers that he has completely lost his sight. Despite this loss, Brian soon discovers that he is still able to efficiently make his way throughout his environment, avoiding unseen obstacles without any prompting! How is this possible? A) Brian has hemispatial neglect, his brain is ignoring his secondary visual pathway but not his primary visual pathway, therefore it can still provide him with the necessary information to avoid obstacles. B) Brian has blindsight, his secondary visual cortex has been damaged but his primary visual pathway is still functional and providing him with the necessary information to avoid obstacles. C) Brian has hemispatial neglect, his brain is ignoring his primary visual pathway but not his secondary visual pathway, therefore it can still provide him with the necessary information to avoid obstacles. D) Brian has blindsight, his primary visual cortex has been damaged but his secondary visual pathway is still functional and providing him with the necessary information to avoid obstacles.

D

Due to an aggressive brain tumor, Dr. Sheppard had to completely remove Marina's parietal lobe. As a result, what deficit can occur in the visual pathway? A) Removal of the somatosensory cortex will have left her sense-less. B) She will no longer be able to see things in colour. C) Removal of her motor cortex has left her unable to move her eyes. D) She can hear a fan rotating, but sees the fan as frozen still.

D

Francine has suddenly lost vision in her temporal visual fields. Using her IntroPsych knowledge, she concluded she must have a tumor pressing on which of the following parts of her visual pathway? A) Left optic radiation B) Left optic nerve C) Right optic tract D) Optic chiasm

D

The image of a bouncing red ball falls on the nasal half of the retina at the back of Pablo's right eye. Which visual field does this information correspond to and what stream processes the correct component of this information? A) Right visual field, with bouncing information processed by the ventral stream. B) Left visual field, with bouncing information processed by the dorsal stream. C) Left visual field, with shape information processed by the dorsal stream. D) Right visual field, with shape information processed by the ventral stream.

D

The merksier is a fictional species that belongs to the family of primates. It is a nocturnal predator that hunts birds midflight. Which of the following is most likely to describe the merksier's eyes? A) The merksier will have excellent colour vision and compound eyes that are laterally directed. B) The merksier will have poor colour vision and compound eyes that are directed towards the front of its face C) The merksier will have excellent colour vision and simple eyes that are laterally directed. D) The merksier will have poor colour vision and simple eyes that are directed towards the front of its face.

D

What best describes the vision of a vertebrate with lenses that were permanently fat and round, and retinas that were comprised entirely of cones, with no rods? A) They have poor acuity for objects at long distances, and have difficulty distinguishing colours. B) They have good acuity for objects at long distances, and easily distinguish colours. C) They have poor acuity for objects close up, and have difficulty distinguishing colours. D) They have good acuity for objects close up, and easily distinguish colours.

D

What type of eyes would an animal most likely have if they need excellent depth perception abilities in relatively dark environments? A) Large eyes located to the sides of the head B) Small eyes directed towards the front of the head. C) Small eyes located to the sides of the head. D) Large eyes directed towards the front of the head.

D