Quiz 1 Com 1010

Some Common Mistakes of Introductions. 2. Starting with an _____________________ story (only to reduce your stage fright). a. Irrelevant story only confuses your audience. A good story for a certain speech does not necessarily mean that this story will work for all other presentations. b. You, the speaker, will have a difficult time to get back to your points and make a clear transition after the story that has nothing to do with your topic.

irrelevant

Conclusion: The conclusion is extremely important since it is the part that the audience will, in many instances, remember most clearly. Some great speeches have been ruined by endings that left audiences confused, annoyed, and misunderstood. Conclusion should make a clear ending that gives impact to the audience by providing effective ending statement rather than by saying, "Well, I guess that's _______ ."

it

Different Types of Communication. ______________________ : intercultural communication. 1. Co-workers, tourist and host, international counterparts. 2. Its form: transitory, influenced by time constraints.

Among people from different cultures

Developing Confidence. What is stage fright? 1. It certainly is a fear reaction. a. Have you ever been in a car accident? Have you ever talked with someone in authority? Have you ever fought someone with a knife? b. Brain registers "danger" and body reacts to cope. -fight or flight. -but, you must fight with your fear in this course. c. Public speaking is perceived as threat or danger; body reacts to cope. -______________________ : the human gaze is the most aggressive in the animal kingdom.

Charles Morris

How to Select a ________________ Topic in Public Speaking. A. Subjects you know a lot about. B. Subjects that interest you. C. Subjects that you would like to learn more about. D. Subjects that might offer interesting and valuable information to your audience. E. Subjects about which you hold strong beliefs. F. Subjects that you believe your audience should know about. G. Most importantly, the topic should be within your capability.

Good

Introduction/Conclusion: ______________________ : Although your audience is captive, their physical presence does not guarantee they will listen. Thus, your introduction should gain the attention of your audience and focus on the topic. A. Purposes. 1. Get the audience's attention and interest. 2. Clearly introduce the topic and its importance. 3. Create a bond of good will between you and your audience. a. Relate the topic to the audience. 4. Leading into the speech - reveal points. -the audience understands what's coming. 5. Establish your initial credibility. a. Explain why you will speak on this topic. b. Describe how much you know about this topic. c. Present your experience with this topic.

Introduction

Different Types of Communication. ___________________________ : organizational communication. 1. Co-workers, superior and subordinate, members of different companies. 2. Its form: formal and informal, usually business oriented.

Members of various institutions

How to Reduce the Threat of Stage Fright. 1. _______________________ : a. Choose topics that are interesting to you. b. Choose topics that you know a lot about. c. Choose topics that are fun to prepare. d. Make sure you are well-prepared. e. Rehearse your speech in front of your roommates or friends until you acquire confidence .

Mental preparation

Different Types of Communication. ___________________________ : mass communication. 1. Media and target groups, technology and its users 2. Its form: usually transmitted by media and technology, usually no immediate feedback.

One media to target groups

Different Types of Communication. _________________ : interpersonal communication. 1. Friends, parents, siblings, roommates, etc. 2. Its form: immediate feedback, spontaneous, informal, and difficult to recall the conversation.

One on one

Different Types of Communication. ______________________ : small group communication. 1. Families, group of friends, clubs, committees, etc. 2. Its form: not as spontaneous, more formal, and less immediate feedback.

One to a few people

Different Types of Communication. _________________________ : public speaking. 1. To public with purposes. It is the main focus of this course. 2. Its form: formal, usually not spontaneous, and draws less immediate feedback.

One to many people

Stage Fright: Most people love to talk, but even the most talkative person is likely to become a bundle of nerves at the thought of having to give a speech. Since stage fright often plays a huge part in one's public speaking experience, it is important to understand that stage fright is a healthy response and can be beneficial. The number one concern of many students taking this course is the whole notion of stage fright. Since this might be one of the most pressing things on your mind, especially after you have experienced the stage fright on your speech of introduction, it would be advisable to discuss this issue. Once you understand why your body does the strange things that it does when you stand in front people, you will understand what you can do to reduce this fear. Once you learn how to reduce this fear, you will be able to use it to your ________________________ .

advantage

Some Common Mistakes of Introductions. 1. Making an ___________________ . a. An apology can be seen as an excuse for a lack of competence and preparation. b. Do not assure your audience by saying, "I am sorry that I should not have forgotten the pictures I was going to show you..."

apology

Introduction/Conclusion: Why is an introduction so crucial? 1. This is the first impression you make. 2. Although they will have to hear, audience members determine whether they will listen. 3. Gives you confidence - makes you less nervous if you realize the audience is listening and paying attention to you. 4. Provides you, as speaker, a chance to adapt to the ____________________ .

atmosphere

How to Reduce the Threat of Stage Fright. 2. Have a proper ___________________ : a. Your audience won't hurt you.... Don't worry, be happy. b. Stage fright will never go away... Make it work for you. c. Stage fright is necessary for a good performance. d. Your listeners are not nearly as likely to recognize your fear as you might think.

attitude

Introduction: Strategies for making effective introductions. 2. Relate the topic to ____________________ . a. Why should we care? Why should we listen? Why is this topic for us? b. e.g., "As people of Ohio..." "Because we are students at Wright State..."

audience

Topic Selection: How Topic is Determined in Public Speaking. B. Your ____________________ . a. Do not choose a topic that could make specific members of your audience uncomfortable

audience

Developing Confidence. The physiological process. a. What happens to your body when you get nervous? How do you feel? How is your stomach? How are your legs? How are your hands? b. Physical process -- what happens to your body when you enter public speaking situation. You may not experience all of these symptoms, but most people will experience some type of physiological _____________________ .

change

The Communication Process. ______________________ : means by which message is communicated. a. Direct medium -- voice, television, telephone. b. Indirect medium -- television, telephone, etc.

channel

Conclusion Purposes. 1. Signals the end of the speech (by using an effective transition). 2. Restate the importance of the topic. 3. Wrapping the speech up in a way that reminds the audience of what you have said. 4. Reinforces central idea and main points. It shows how everything fits together. 5. Last impression of you. 6. Provides sense of ___________________ .

closure

Introduction: Strategies for making effective introductions. 7. Arouse _________________ . a. Explain something and do not reveal it until you finish describing it. b. Present statistics and let your audience assume what they might represent.

curiosity

Suggestions on Making Good Conclusions. 1. End with an impact. a. Give your audience an impression that they learned something from this clear and/or dramatic presentation they just witnessed. 2. Keep it clear and short a. As it was the case for the introduction, conclusion time usually should not exceed 20% of the whole presentation, that is, do not spend more than one minute on conclusion when the speech is scheduled for five minutes. 3. Work it out completely. a. Good conclusions do not happen by chances. It is clear design and practice that decide the quality of conclusions. So, rehearse, rehearse, and rehearse. 4. Employ one or combined strategies used in introduction to make a ____________________ . a. As those strategies can be effective in introduction, they could also aid the speaker in making a fine closure if used effectively and appropriately. Again, do not try to employ too many strategies in one conclusion.

closure

Most of us, through everyday conversation, already use some of the skills necessary for public speaking. For example, you inform your friends about your new musical instrument, you persuade your parents to give you more allowance, you entertain your girl/boyfriend with an interesting joke. It is important and helpful for us to realize what these skills are, as well as to determine what new skills will be needed. Because this course will focus on the whole speech design process, it is necessary for you to understand the communication process. "We cannot not communicate". For this reason, we will discuss the seven elements of the communication process and three different types of _________________________ .

communication

Some Common Mistakes of Conclusions. 1. Making an apology. a. Again, apology is a sure way to tell your audience that you are an incompetent speaker. b. An apology can change the mind of your audience, that is, they might say, "Oh, I thought this was a good speech, but, now I don't." 2. Introducing new material. a. Use your conclusion to reinforce what you have already said in your discussion and to summarize your essential points. b. Bring out a new issue in conclusion only confuses you and your audience. 3. Diluting the strength of the speaker's position. a. Let the audience judge the quality of your presentation. You, the speaker, do not need to help your audience to judge you negatively. b. Expression such as "I know this is not that important" or "I tried to secure other information but I didn't have the time" would never work for you. 4. Dragging out the _____________________ . a. End crisply and just once. When you are ready to end, end. Do not linger at the door. b. Conclusion does not require the speaker to say "in conclusion" twice or more. There is only one conclusion in each speech.

conclusion

Introduction: Suggestions on development. 2. You may use one or a combination of two strategies to introduce your topic a. Do not try to combine too many strategies to gain attention. It will only _________________ the audience.

confuse

Conclusion Strategies. 1. Refer back to introduction - answer initial question, refer to attention getter. 2. Summarize main point. 3. End with a quote - It must be related to the topic. 4. Make a dramatic statement. e.g., "I know it because I was kidnapped" or "As a result, she ____________________ ."

died

Public Speaking and Conversation: Similarities and Differences: Important _________________________ . 1. Public speaking is more highly structured. 2. Public speaking requires more formal language. 3. Public speaking requires a different method of delivery.

differences

Introduction: Strategies for making effective introductions. 5. Use __________________ . a. Personal reference or others' experiences. b. The audience members will be drawn to illustrations and stories.

examples

The Communication Process. ______________________ : return message in two-way communication/interaction. a. Influenced by frame of reference. b. Verbal - agreeing, disagreeing. Non-verbal - nodding, smiling, laughing, falling asleep, etc.

feedback

Public Speaking and Conversation: Similarities and Differences: Public speaking and conversation share the same three ______________ . 1. To inform. 2. To persuade, convince, or motivate. 3. To entertain.

goals

Some Common Mistakes of Introductions. 3. Making ________________ promises only to get attention. a. Do no promise something that you will not deliver or accomplish. b. e.g., "I will teach you how to make money in the stock market," or "I will inform you the way to lose 30 pounds in five days." c. Making empty promises is a sure way to lose your credibility.

hollow

Introduction: Strategies for making effective introductions. 8. Use _________________ - if it is a good humor, your audience will laugh and listen to what you will say next.

humor

The Communication Process. ___________________ : person who receives communicated message. a. Interpreter. b. Respondent: sender of feedback. c. Listener's frame of reference. -meaning is never the same. -evolves from: person's background, experiences, values, beliefs, attitudes, etc. -no two persons have the same frame of reference.

listener

The Communication Process. __________________ : ideas speaker is trying to communicate. a. What is said and not said. b. Nonverbal (tone of voice, facial expression, gestures, etc.). c. Goal of speaker is to have the intended message be the message that is actually communicated.

message

Some Practical Suggestions On How to Reduce the Threat of Stage Fright. 1. Use isometrics: grip edges of chair, take a deep breath and tighten stomach muscles. As you let air out, loosen grip on chair and muscles. While doing so, think about the most pleasant moment of your life. 2. Gestures and movement: reduce shaking and nervousness. Make your movement as natural as possible. Don't grip podium, note cards, table, or your clothes. 3. Vocal variety: monotone does not get rid of energy. Speak up! Make your audience and yourself believe you are ready to deliver a top-quality speech. 4. Focused eye contact: look at your audience. Don't look at wall in back of room or don't count cracks on the ceiling. 5. Visual aids: audience focuses on visual aids, not you. But, you have to make sure you are not talking to visual aids. Talk to your audience with direct eye contact. 6. Be prepared: Know your speech thoroughly. Have a creative and attention gathering introduction and conclusion. Use note cards properly. 7. Concentrate on communicating message and the feedback from your audience, not on ____________________ .

nerves

The Communication Process. _______________________________ : anything hindering the communication process. a. Fan on the ceiling, noise outside the room, static on telephone, people's thoughts, etc.

noise/interference

Topic Selection: How Topic is Determined in Public Speaking. A. Speaking _____________________ . a. Topic should be worthwhile. b. Topic should be appropriate. c. Topic should be situation-sensitive. d. Topic should be culture-sensitive.

occassion

Some Common Mistakes of Introductions. 4. ___________________ the introduction. a. When you are ready to speak, just do it! You do not need to make a stage for yourself to speak. b. e.g., "I hope I can remember everything I practiced...," "Let me take a deep breath before I start, I am so nervous...," or "Let me think how I should start..."

prefacing

Topic Selection: How Topic is Determined in Public Speaking. C. Your __________________ as a speaker a. Are you qualified to talk about this topic? b. No weapons, illegal drugs, animals, or sexual objects.

qualifications

Introduction: Strategies for making effective introductions. 4. Ask __________________ to audience. a. It automatically makes them to think about the answer. b. Do you want to meet the love of your life? Do you know how many people died last year of car accidents? How many of you intend to...

questions

Introduction: Strategies for making effective introductions. 6. Use _________________ . a. The audience is likely to pay attention to clever remarks of someone they have heard of. b. It must be related to the topic. c. e.g., Shakespeare wrote: "If music be the food of love, play on."

quotations

Introduction: Suggestions on development. 3. Develop it when you finish designing the _________________ of the speech. a. If you construct introduction first, you may end up revising it based on how you design main points and conclusion.

rest

Public Speaking and Conversation: Similarities and Differences: Important _____________________ . 1. Organizing your thoughts logically. 2. Tailoring your message to your audience. 3. Telling a story for maximum impact. 4. Adapting to listener feedback.

similarities

Introduction: Suggestions on development. 1. Keep it brief and ______________ . a. In public speaking situations, introduction time usually should not exceed 20% of the whole presentation, that is, do not spend more than one minute on introduction when the speech is scheduled for five minutes.

simple

Developing Confidence. A. Public speaking: stage fright is a major concern for the students in public speaking class. 1. Greatest fear: a study revealed the greatest fears of people in various social situations (Lucas, 1995). a. A party with strangers --- 74% of people. b. Giving a speech (stage fright) --- 70% of people. b. First day on a new job --- 59% of people. c. Job interview --- 46% of people. 2. Most students fear public speaking more than any other social ____________________ .

situation

Developing Confidence. Why do we perceive public speaking as a threat? a. Threat to intellectual self-image. -I am going to sound very stupid. -I hope I don't stutter or mumble words. b. Threat to social self-image. -I am going to look like a dummy. -They would think me as a hopeless person. c. Threat to sexual self-image. -I am not handsome, not tall, too fat, etc. d. Facing an unfamiliar or dissimilar audience. e. Undergoing evaluation. f. Remembering past failures. g. Confronting a formal speaking _____________________ .

situation

The Communication Process. ________________________ : time and place in which communication occurs. a. Speaker must be alert about speaking situation. b. Time and situation should be considered. c. Physical setting is also important (audience size, room size, temperature, atmosphere, etc.).

situation

Topic Selection: Why Topic Selection is Important in Public Speaking. A. It is easier for you to talk about a topic that is appropriate for your audience as well as for you and the speaking situation. B. If you know what you will talk about in your speech, it certainly helps you to reduce stage fright. C. If the topic is familiar, your enthusiasm comes across more readily. D. If your topic is new and suitable for the situation in college classroom, your audience will enjoy learning about new information. E. Searching for a good topic and appropriate information will help you improve your research ____________________ .

skills

The Communication Process. A. Seven elements in the communication process. 1. _______________________ : sender of message, initiate conversation (person, television, etc.). Success of speaker depends on: a. Credibility. b. Appearance. c. Sensitivity to audience. d. Enthusiasm. e. Knowledge of subject. f. Sincerity.

speaker

Introduction: Strategies for making effective introductions. 3. Startle audience with _____________________ statistics, examples, and experiences, etc. a. It helps you to obtain your listeners' attention and focus on the topic quickly.

surprising

Introduction: Suggestions on development. Practice your introduction as many ________________ as possible. a. If you have a well-designed introduction, it will lead you into the main points more comfortably. b. You will have a better chance of maintaining interest from your audience with a good introduction.

times

Introduction: Strategies for making effective introductions. 1. State importance of ______________ . a. Statistics, facts, important social, political, cultural, and religious situations related to the topic. b. People pay attention to what they feel is important.

topic

Introduction/Conclusion: Now that you know what the topic and the residual message of your presentation will be, you are in a better position to come up with a strong introduction. Although you should construct your introduction only after you design and develop main points and conclusion, you obviously start your presentation with introduction. At this stage, you must concern yourself with the strategy of getting your audience to listen to the entire speech. You must prepare a good introduction. An audience will determine if they are going to listen to you based on the first 30 seconds of your speech. Even if you have a strong introduction, you also have to think about how to end it. The conclusion offers you one last chance to hit home with your point. A poor conclusion can destroy much of the impact of an otherwise very effective speech. Think about what Shakespeare said: "All's well that ends _____________ ."

well