Quiz 1 HUMAN MEMORY

Memory defined

- Being able to travel into our pasts - mental capacity of retaining and reviving facts. events. impressions. etc or of recalling or recognizing previous experiences

3 essentials to memory(in order for it to function)

1) Encoding 2) Storing/Consolidating 3) Retrieving

What are the four themes of the book?

1) Learning and remembering are active processes 2) Learning and remembering have a biological/neurological basis 3) Memory has multiple components; which act in different ways 4) Learning and remembering can be improved

systems of memory (Endel Tulving)

1) Semantic memory 2) Episodic memory 3) Procedural memory

Neuropsychology

study of patients with brain damage and correlate with cognitive or behavioral deficits

Over Learning

studying even after something is mastered

What are the key components of a memory experiment?

Applying the scientific method, and having a dependent and independent variable

Spacing effect

Distributed practices; studying over a series of days.

What are the 3 techniques of neuroimaging?

EEG, PET scan, and MRI

Who was Hermann Ebbinghaus, and what were his important contributions to memory science?

He was the 1st person to use the scientific method to study memory. He developed the savings score. He also came up with two methods of studying: over-learning and the spacing effect.He also discovered the forgetting curve.

War of ghosts study

Memory recall is influenced by our pre-existing knowledge, or our schema, which is influenced by our cultural background.

Implicit memory tests

Tests that draw on unconscious aspects of memory (previous experiences aid the performance of a task without conscious awareness of these previous experiences)

Savings score

The reduction in time required to relearn a previously mastered list.

Reaction Time

amount of time it takes to complete a task

Episodic memory

the memory of autobiographical events (times, places, associated emotions, and other contextual who, what, when, where, why knowledge) that can be explicitly stated. It is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place.

Forgetting curve

when information is lost over time and there is no attempt to retain it

Paired associate learning (Mary Calkins)

when to unrelated words are paired together (associations between stimuli and responses)

What are source judgments?

where or from who you learned something from

Semantic memory

long-term memory processes: ie, common knowledge, such as the names of colors, the sounds of letters, the capitals of countries and other basic facts acquired over a lifetime.

Storing/Consolidating

maintaining information within our brain (process of going from short term to long term)

What are metamemory judgments?

our own knowledge of our memory process

Retrieving

recall/recalled memories

How can the spacing effect be used to improve memory?

Because it allows a person to learn over a period of time, it helps them to remember nd learn more efficiently, rather then cramming everything they learn into one period of time, which then would lead to them forgetting it quicker.

How did the contributions to modern memory science of behaviorism(John Watson) and cognitive psychology differ?

Behaviorists didn't believe memor was appropriate to research because it couldn't be observed directly, whereas cognitive psychologists believed it was appropriate because they believed accessing the inner mind was do-able.

What is the difference between recall and recognition?

Recall produces a memory, and recognition matches it to a presented choice.

Procedural memory(muscle memory)

a part of the long-term memory that is responsible for knowing how to do things, also known as motor skills. As the name implies, procedural memory stores information on how to perform certain procedures, such as walking, talking and riding a bike.Feb 22, 2014

Encoding

ability to create new memories