quiz 12 A&P lecture

makes the membrane less polarized.

A depolarizing graded potential

inhibitory neurotransmitter and would produce an IPSP in the postsynaptic neuron.

A neurotransmitter that binds to an ionotropic receptor that contains a chloride channel would be classified as an

All of these choices are correct.

A polarized cell

either EPSPs or IPSPs

A postsynaptic neuron responds to neurotransmitters released by a presynaptic neuron by creating

changing the frequency of impulses sent to sensory centers.

The nervous system can distinguish between a light touch and a heavier touch by

-40 to -90 mV

The resting membrane potential in neurons ranges from:

Endorphins

Which of the following is NOT considered a small molecule neurotransmitter?

cellbody

Which of the following structures is labeled C in the diagram?

axon terminal

Which of the following structures is labeled E in the diagram?

All of these choices

Which of the following terms is used to describe a type of synapse?

All of these choices

Which of the following types of cells display the property of electrical excitability?

nerve action potential

Which of the following types of electrical signals allow rapid long-distance communication within the nervous system?

bipolar neuron

Which of the following types of neurons have one axon and one dendrite emerging from the cell body and are found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and olfactory region of the brain?

multipolar neuron

Which of the following types of neurons is the most common type of neuron found in the brain and spinal cord?

A

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that forms and maintains the myelin sheath around CNS axons?

E

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that is located mainly in gray matter and helps maintain the appropriate chemical environment for generation of nerve impulses?

F

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that produces and assists in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid?

B

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that removes debris and acts as a phagocyte?

C

Which of the labeled cells in the figure is NOT a neuroglial cell?

b

Which of the neurons is a touch receptor known as a Merkel disc?

a

Which of the neurons is called a Meissner corpuscle or a corpuscle of touch?

A

Which of these types of channels is involved in leaking sodium and potassium ions across the membrane in order to establish the resting potential of a cell?

A

Which part of the diagram point to dendrites?

a fibers

Which type of axons has the largest diameter?

D

Which type of circuit is involved in solving mathematical problems?

C

Which type of circuit is used to lengthen the output signal in physiological processes like regulation of the breathing pattern?

both axons and dendrites.

With respect to neurons, the term "nerve fiber" refers to

depolarizes

An excitatory neurotransmitter _________ the postsynaptic membrane

break up of Nissl bodies after neural injury

Chromatolysis refers to

remove a neurotransmitter

Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake into cells are all ways to

both 1 and 2 are true.

During the resting state of a voltage-gated Na+ channel, [1. the inactivation gate is open. 2. the activation gate is closed. 3. the channel is permeable to Na+].

Ion-gated channel

Electrical signals produced by neurons and muscle fibers rely on four types of ion channels. Which of the answer options is NOT one of the four?

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

IPSP stands for

ions

In an action potential, the current that flows down the axon of a neuron is generated by the movement of ______ across the membrane.

fires at a fast enough rate that the sum of EPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron moves above threshold.

In temporal summation, a single presynaptic neuron stimulates the creation of action potentials in a postsynaptic neuron when it

E

In the CNS, this structure is produced by oligodendrocytes.

h

In the diagram, where are axon terminals?

b

In the diagram, where is a node of Ranvier?

c

In the diagram, where is the axon collateral?

it contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential.

Na+/K+-ATPase is considered to be an electrogenic pump because

ligand-gated channels

Name the type of membrane channel that opens in response to chemical binding and is found in dendrites of some sensory receptors like pain receptors, and in the dendrites and cell bodies of interneurons and motor neurons.

leak channel

Name the type of membrane channel that randomly opens and closes and is found in dendrites, cell bodies, and axons of all types of neurons.

ability to change based on experience.

Plasticity means

occurs only in myelinated axons

Saltatory conduction

during fetal development.

Schwann's cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system

B

This part of the neuron contains the nucleus and Nissl bodies.

Gray matter

This type of nervous tissue contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglial cells.

Diverging circuit

This type of neural circuit consists of a single presynaptic neuron synapsing with several postsynaptic neurons.

Bipolar neuron

This type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon emerging from the cell body.

degeneration of the distal end of axon and myelin sheath after neural injury.

Wallerian degeneration refers to

multipolar neuron

What is the structural classification of the neuron labeled A?

bipolar neuron

What is the structural classification of the neuron labeled B?

Pacinian corpuscle

What specific type of unipolar neuron is shown in the diagram labeled C?

voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly.

When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold,

at the trigger zone.

When the summed total of postsynaptic potentials rises above threshold, creation of action potentials occurs

C

Which diagram represents a reverberating circuit?

Nissl body

Which of following organelles is a common site of protein synthesis in neurons?

A

Which of the channels shown in the figure opens and closes randomly?

All of these choices

Which of the following are divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

All are functions of the nervous system

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?