Quiz 14 Musculoskeletal Imaging, Breast, and Superficial Structures

In which planes should the infant hip be imaged to determine if developmental dislocation of the hip is present?

Coronal and transverse of the hip in both the resting and flexed positions with and without applied stress.

Which of the following statements is false with respect to developmental dysplasia of the infant hip (DDH)?

The cause of DDH is thought to be degeneration of the acetabulum caused by maternal hormones.

Which of the following is false with respect to how sonography can be used to demonstrate a foreign body?

The vibration of the sound waves will help to dislodge the foreign body.

Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except ( hypo, iso, hyper, anechoic)

anechoic to the surrounding tissue

Thompson Test

compression of the calf muscle while observing for plantar flexion to assess the stability of the Achilles tendon

Baker cyst may mimic

Deep venous thrombosis

a partial tear of a tendon appears as

focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon

What is a ganglion cyst?

A fluid-filled mass arising from the tendon found most often on the dorsal aspect of the hand or wrist.

What is the Graf technique?

A technique used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum to determine if developmental hip dysplasia is present.

An infant patient presents with a history of a breech birth, asymmetric skinfolds on the legs, and a difference in length between both lower limbs. What tests should be conducted as an initial assessment of developmental dislocation of the hip?

Barlow and Ortolani test

A breast sonogram on a lactating female demonstrated a focal fluid collection with internal echoes and enlarged lymph nodes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Breast abscess

Which of the following presents as a tender, palpable retroareolar mass in a male patient?

Gynecomastia

How is a subluxed hip demonstrated on a sonogram?

Femoral head rests laterally in the acetabulum.

Which of the following best describes a superficial hypoechoic mass that demonstrates blood flow when interrogated?

Hemangioma

What is the normal sonographic appearance of a muscle?

Hypoechoic tissue with linear echogenic strands

What layer of the breast tissue contains the ducts and glandular tissue?

Mammary layer

A 6-year-old female patient presents with low-grade fever, mild leukocytosis, complains of right hip pain, and a reluctance to walk. Sonography demonstrated a hypoechoic fluid collection in the right hip joint that measured 7 mm in width. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Transient synovitis

What is the Thompson test used to help diagnose?

Achilles tendon rupture

A male athlete presented with pain between the heel and the calf. The area was warm to the touch. Sonogram demonstrated a focal thickened hypoechoic area within the tendon with hyperemic flow. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Achilles tendonitis