QUIZ 18

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?

growth hormone

Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma?

heart palpitations

Which of the following is an example of an autocrine communication?

smooth muscle cells secreting prostaglandins that cause contraction of the smooth muscle cells

All of the following are functions of LH except

stimulating follicle development.

Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty?

thyroid hormone

Which of the following is not true regarding Type 1 Diabetes?

tissues exhibit insulin resistance

Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids and what is the primary mineralocorticoid? (Figure 18-14)

zona glomerulosa; aldosterone

What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?

ADH (vasopressin)

Which of the following statements would NOT be considered a mechanism of action of hormones?

Adjacent cells coordinate cellular activities by exchanging ions and molecules across gap junctions.

Which of these statements about the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome is FALSE?

The dominant hormone is epinephrine.

Increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which of the following hormones?

androgens

The regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus control secretion from endocrine cells, which are located where? (Figure 18-6)

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

The heart secretes the hormone

atrial natriuretic peptide.

Which hormone is the antagonist to PTH and functions to lower blood calcium levels?

calcitonin

Type 2 diabetes

can usually be controlled by diet and exercise rather than with medication.

What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor?

chaperone proteins (chaperonins)

Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?

cortisol

Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?

epinephrine

A deficiency of which hormone can lead to diabetes insipidus?

14-kidneys

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the second-messenger mechanism of hormone action?

Cellular operations are altered by direct stimulation of a gene.

Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face."

Cushing's disease

Which of these statements about the pineal gland is FALSE?

It is controlled by the adenohypophysis.

What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones?

activation of genes, which increases protein synthesis in the cell

After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do?

acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

adenohypophysis

Which gland is called the "emergency gland" and helps the body adjust to stress?

adrenal (suprarenal)

Which of the following is regulated by the gland indicated by the red arrow?

blood calcium concentration

Increased activity of phosphodiesterase in a target cell would decrease its level of

cAMP

In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen?

decreased insulin secretion

Primary endocrine disorders may be due to damage to the hormone-producing organ. Karen's thyroid gland suffered damage from repeated exposure to radiation because of a neck injury. Which of the following is least likely to be part of a primary endocrine disorder for Karen?

decreased osteoblast sensitivity to calcitonin

Which type of long distance intercellular communication do hormones like parathyroid hormone (PTH) fall into?

endocrine

The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is

inhibin

Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors?

insulin and epinephrine

Calcitriol is secreted by the kidneys to promote calcium absorption along the intestines. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes release of calcium from bone matrix. These actions are examples of __________ between hormones.

integrative effects

The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the

isthmus

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is

mobilization of energy reserves.

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

neurohypophysis

Where would you find the receptor for PTH?

on the plasma membrane of target cells

A tumor present on the parathyroid gland causing hyperparathyroidism may lead to

osteoporosis and kidney stones.

If a hormone does NOT directly affect cellular activities, it is most likely a __________.

peptide hormone

Which of the following enzymes are important in the deactivation of cAMP and termination of signaling?

phosphodiesterase

Where in the parathyroid gland is PTH produced?

principal cells

Intracellular calcium stores open in response to intracellular activation of

protein kinase C, diacylglycerol, and inositol triphosphate.