quiz 2-13-18

Tips to loose weight

1. begin only if you feel motivated and self disciplined 2. exercise and get enough sleep (need 7 to 8 hours of sleep) 3. minimize your exposure to tempting foods 4. limit variety and eat healthy foods. 5. Reduce portion size 6. Don't starve all day and eat a big meal at night 7. Beware of the binge 8. Before eating with others, decide how much you want 9. Remember, most people occasionally lapse 10. Connect to a support group.

this has a center that secretes appetite stimulating hormones an another center that secretes appetite suppressing hormones.

Arcuate nucleas

this is sugar that circulates in the blood

Glucose

Memory

Memory also plays a part in why we eat. When someone with no short term memory was given separate lunches 20 minutes apart they would eat each lunch. Therefore part of our consideration to eat is when we had our last meal.

this is the point at which a persons "weight themostat" is supposesedly set.

Set point

Washburn

The discovery of Washburns experiment- Washburn was indeed having stomach contractions whenever he felt hungry.

what happens when you do not have a stomach

To learn if hunger can happen without stomach pain, researchers remove rats stomachs and created a direct path to their small intestines. The rats ate even without a stomach. Hunger happens even when you do not have a stomach or stomach contractions. This showed that an empty stomach is not the only source of hunger.

you are considered obese if

WHO defines obesity as body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more.

examples of when situations make you eat more

a. you eat more when you eat with other people. b. unit bias—studied by Andrew geier- looked at why French waistlines are smaller than American waistlines. They found that the French offer smaller portions of food and that is why they are skinner. Portion size matters. If you have a bigger plate you are likely to eat more than when you have a smaller plate. c. food variety also stimulates eating.

Body chemistry and environmental factors

affect both when we get hungry and our taste preferences.

PYY

digestive tract hormone, sends im not hungry signals to the brain

true or false memory does not play a part in why we eat.

false

true or false- you eat less when you eat with others

false

Ghrelin

hormone secreted by empty stomach- sends im hungry signals to the brain.

Insulin

hormone secreted by pancreas: controls blood glucose

Orexin

hunger triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus

Arcuate nucleas

in your brain. It has a center that secretes appetite stimulating hormones an another center that secretes appetite suppressing hormones. • Study showed that when this are is stimulated by electronically, well fed animals begin to eat. If the area is destroyed then even starving animals will not want to eat.

Ecology of eating

is when situations control our eating.

Carbohydrates

like bread- boost levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin which has a calming effect. When stressed even rats find it extra calming to eat carbs like oreos.

Figure 38.1

monitoring stomach contractions- using this procedure, Washburn showed that stomach contractions (transmitted by the stomach balloon) accompany our feelings of hunger (indicated by a key press). • Washburn agreed to swallow a balloon attached to a recording device. When inflated to fill his stomach the balllon transmitted his stomach contractions. Washburn supplied information about his feelings of hunger by pressing a key each time he felt a hunger pain. • The discovery of Washburns experiment- Washburn was indeed having stomach contractions whenever he felt hungry. • To learn if hunger can happen without stomach pain, researchers remove rats stomachs and created a direct path to their small intestines. The rats ate even without a stomach. Hunger happens even when you do not have a stomach or stomach contractions. This showed that an empty stomach is not the only source of hunger.

Obesity

obsess 9 year olds are 60% more likely to be bullied. • Obesity in some cultures shows wealth and high class. • WHO has estimated 1 billion people world wide are overweight. And 300 million of them are obese. • WHO defines obesity as body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more. • In the US 34% of americans are obese. • Obesity can lead to diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. • It takes less food to maintain fat than it does muscle. • Genes can play a role in obesity. IE identical twins will have similar weight even though they were not raised together. • Children who suffer from sleep loss are more likely to be obese. • When you do not sleep enough the levels of Leptin fall and the levels of ghrelin rise. • When your friends are obese you are likely to become obese. IE this is a social factor of obesity.

Leptin

protein hormone secreted by fat cells when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger

Basal metabolic rate

the body's resting rate of energy expenditure. • Keys experiment- 24 weeks of semi starvation they then stabilized their weight and their weight went back to three quarters their normal weight but were only taking in half their calories.

Glucose

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissue. When its level is low, we feel hunger. • Your brain monitors your blood chemistry and your bodys internal state.

Set point

the point at which a persons "weight themostat" is supposesedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. • The interaction of appetitie hormones and brain activity suggest body has a weight thermostat. This system alerts us when we fall below normal weight. It will increase our appetite. • Set points do not explain why psychological factors influence hunger.

true or false Set points do not explain why psychological factors influence hunger.

true

true or false you eat less when you have less options to choose from

true

true or false- you eat more when your plate is bigger

true