Quiz 2

opt out

Person must request (usually by checking a box) that an organization not use information. When a site or program simply starts gathering data, but provides an option somewhere that users can seek out and select in order to stop this kind of data from being tracked, this is an opt-out policy

Data mining

Searching and analyzing masses of data to find patterns and develop new information or knowledge.

The National Security Agency (NSA) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) established oversight rules for the NSA

Secret access to communications records

Ethics:

Study of what it means to "do the right thing". Assumes people are rational and make free choices. Rules to follow in our interactions and our actions that affect others.

opt in

The collector of the information may use information only if person explicitly permits use (usually by checking a box). An opt-in policy is one in which the site or program will not track your data unless you select the option to allow them to do so. This presents the user with the active choice of whether or not to give permission for specific data to be tracked.

4th Amendment, U.S. Constitution

The right of the people to be secure in their person, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Negative rights (liberties)

The right to act without interference

Secondary use

Use of personal information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was provided.

Invisible information gathering

collection of personal information about a user without the user's knowledge.

Data brokers are

companies that trade in information on people -- names, addresses, phone numbers, details of shopping habits, and personal data such as whether someone owns cats or is divorced. This information comes from easily accessible public data (such as data from the phone book) as well as from less accessible sources (such as when the DMV sells information like your name, address and the type of car you own).

Ethics and morals relate to "right" and "wrong" conduct. While they are sometimes used interchangeably, how are they different?

ethics refers to rules provided by an external source, e.g., codes of conduct in workplaces or principles in religions. Morals refer to an individual's own principles regarding right and wrong. Ethics describes a generally accepted set of moral principles. Morals describes the goodness or badness or right or wrong of actions. values describes individual or personal standards of what is valuable or important.

sniffer

how they gather info on you from a router (can find your address)

A social bot (also: socialbot or socbot)

is a particular type of chatbot that is employed in social media networks to automatically generate messages (e.g. tweets) or in general advocate certain ideas, support campaigns, and public relations either by acting as a "follower" or even as a fake account

The Electronic Frontier Foundation has been involved in the fight to

protect the rights of anonymous speakers online. The leading nonprofit defending digital privacy, free speech, and innovation

doxxing

search for and publish private or identifying information about (a particular individual) on the Internet, typically with malicious intent.

Firefox has a Do Not Track feature

that lets you tell every website you visit, their advertisers, and content providers that you don't want your browsing behavior tracked. Honoring this setting is voluntary — individual websites are not required to respect it. ...

Positive rights (claim-rights)

An obligation of some people to provide certain things for others

Computer profiling

Analyzing data to determine characteristics of people most likely to engage in a certain behavior.

Computer matching

Combining and comparing information from different databases (using social security number, for example) to match records.

Cookies

Files a Web site stores on a visitor's computer. "Cookies" are small data text files that are sent from a server computer to a recipient computer during a browsing session. Cookies allow a Web site server to "remember" what the user did when he or she visited the site; for example, when the last visit occurred and which pages were viewed at that time. While a cookie identifies an individual user's computer in the sense that it can distinguish one computer from another, it typically does not know the actual identity of the user. Generally, cookies do not pose a threat in terms of destroying or compromising a system.