`Quiz #2 Lifespan

Baby Sabrina's first laugh will probably appear around __________

3 to 4 months

Strict parenting with little tolerance for misbehavior is especially effective for helping toddlers develop compliance and self-control.

False

Toddlers can obey simple commands from an adult but do not yet show any signs of consciencelike understanding.

False

__________ believed that complex mental activities have their origins in social interaction.

Lev Vygotsky

Which statement about make-believe play is true?

Preschoolers who devote more time to sociodramatic play are rated by observers as more socially competent

Four-year-old Erin is a picky eater. How can Erin's parents encourage her to eat a new food?

Repeatedly expose her to the new food without any direct pressure to eat it

Language skills expand at an astonishing pace in early childhood; in contrast, spatial skills develop gradually over childhood and adolescence.

True

Unlike Piaget, most researchers now believe that babies have some built-in cognitive equipment for making sense of experience.

True

Besides self-awareness, self-conscious emotions require __________

adult instruction in when to feel proud, ashamed, or guilty

Between the ages of 2 and 6, __________.

approximately 45 new epiphyses emerge in various parts of the skeleton

Two-year-old Eva's parents meet her assertions of independence with tolerance and understanding. They provide suitable guidance and reassurance. According to Erikson's theory, Eva will develop __________ as a result.

autonomy

Twenty-two-year-old Daniel is overly dependent on his girlfriend, Missy. Daniel continually doubts his ability to meet new challenges. Daniel may not have fully mastered the tasks of __________ and __________ during infancy and childhood.

basic trust; autonom

Self-conscious emotions play an important role in __________.

children's moral behaviors

Five- and 6-year-olds __________

create conventional figures, with the head and body differentiated

In the __________ view, researchers analyze each cognitive attainment to see how it results from a complex system of prior accomplishments and the child's current goal.

dynamic systems

Paternal depression __________

is linked to frequent father‒child conflict as children grow older

Jenny is considering choosing not to immunize her newborn son due to a suggested link between a mercury-based preservative used in vaccines and autism. Jenny should know that large-scale studies show __________ association with autism and __________ effects on cognitive performance.

no; no consistent

Nine-month-old Avery can retrieve his ball when his mother hides it under a blanket. Avery has begun to master __________.

object permanence

According to Erikson, a healthy outcome during infancy depends on the __________.

quality of caregiving

Piaget believed that infants and toddlers __________.

think" with their eyes, ears, and hands