Quiz #2- Physical Development

Spatial skills Select one: a. support children's improved executive function. b. develop gradually over childhood and adolescence. c. develop suddenly in early childhood. d. are typically housed in the left hemisphere.

b. develop gradually over childhood and adolescence.

In industrialized societies, adolescence is __________ in tribal societies. Select one: a. briefer but less intense than b. much longer than c. the same length as d. briefer but more intense than

b. much longer than

As a result of synaptic pruning, Select one: a. overstimulated neurons lose their synapses. b. seldom-stimulated neurons lose their synapses. c. stimulated neurons reproduce themselves. d. overstimulated neurons die.

b. seldom-stimulated neurons lose their synapses.

In the second year, most toddlers Select one: a. gain about 15 pounds. b. slim down. c. grow about 8 inches. d. reach a peak in muscle tissue.

b. slim down.

Visual acuity improves steadily, reaching an adult level of about 20/20 by Select one: a. 4 years. b. 2 years. c. 6 months. d. the end of the first year.

a. 4 years.

Newborns prefer to look at Select one: a. a checkerboard with large, bold squares over one with many small squares. b. complex patterns over simple, bold patterns. c. faces with upside-down features rather than faces arranged naturally. d. plain rather than patterned stimuli.

a. a checkerboard with large, bold squares over one with many small squares.

Young children improve in fine-motor skills as Select one: a. control of the hands and fingers improves. b. control of the legs and torso improves. c. their bodies become more streamlined. d. their center of gravity shifts downward.

a. control of the hands and fingers improves.

Compared with adult mothers, adolescent mothers Select one: a. more often engage in child abuse. b. perceive their babies as less difficult. c. interact more efficiently with their infants. d. know more about child development.

a. more often engage in child abuse.

Research on hearing shows that infants Select one: a. prefer to listen to their native language over a foreign language. b. depend on hearing more than any other sense. c. as young as 3 days old perceive speech in wordlike segments. d. cannot distinguish between two melodies until the end of the second year of life.

a. prefer to listen to their native language over a foreign language.

Connections between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex Select one: a. support motor coordination and thinking. b. contribute to artistic ability. c. contribute to spatial skills. d. support social and emotional development.

a. support motor coordination and thinking.

Which of the following learning experiences should Malan, a caregiver, use to promote experience-expectant brain growth in Reece? Select one: a. talking to Reece in his native language b. teaching Reece to read c. teaching Reece to play the piano d. using an iPad application with Reece

a. talking to Reece in his native language

Four-month-old Logan's parents are tracking his motor development. Which of the following motor skills is Logan likely to have already achieved? Select one: a. sits alone b. when prone, lifts self by arms c. plays pat-a-cake d. crawls

b. when prone, lifts self by arms

For synaptic pruning to advance, Select one: a. the prefrontal cortex must attain adult levels of synaptic connections during the prenatal period. b. the neural tube must produce fewer neurons during the prenatal period than the brain will need. c. appropriate stimulation of the child's brain is vital during periods in which the formation of synapses is at its peak. d. between 80 and 90 percent of the neurons produced during the first two years must undergo programmed cell death.

c. appropriate stimulation of the child's brain is vital during periods in which the formation of synapses is at its peak.

Sleep-deprived adolescents Select one: a. perform better on cognitive tasks in the morning hours. b. are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors. c. are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression. d. display increases in executive function.

c. are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression.

Myelination involves Select one: a. returning neurons not needed to an uncommitted state. b. sending messages from one neuron to another. c. coating the neural fibers with an insulating fatty sheath. d. making space for synapses.

c. coating the neural fibers with an insulating fatty sheath.

Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic? Select one: a. ovaries b. testes c. pubic hair d. scrotum

c. pubic hair

By focusing on the shift from a novelty preference to a familiarity preference, researchers can use habituation to assess Select one: a. recent memory. b. an infant's motor development. c. remote memory. d. an infant's imitation ability.

c. remote memory.

Most 3- and 4-year-olds can Select one: a. draw so others can tell what their pictures are. b. represent depth in drawings. c. use lines to represent the boundaries of objects. d. create conventional animal figures with the head and body differentiated.

c. use lines to represent the boundaries of objects.

Which of the following statements about brain development in early childhood is true? Select one: a. The left hemisphere is relatively inactive between 3 and 6 years. b. Between ages 2 and 6, energy consumption of most cortical regions diminishes to near-adult levels. c. By age 4, most parts of the cerebral cortex have underproduced synapses. d. Activity in the right hemisphere increases steadily throughout early and middle childhood for most children.

d. Activity in the right hemisphere increases steadily throughout early and middle childhood for most children.

Trey, a late-developing teenage boy, is quickly gaining muscle mass. He is exhibiting aggressive behavior and mood swings. An initial health screening indicates that Trey has acne, excess body hair, and high blood pressure. Trey's symptoms are consistent with Select one: a. excessive exercise. b. sexual maturation. c. the onset of puberty. d. anabolic steroid use.

d. anabolic steroid use.

For boys, voice change usually takes place Select one: a. before spermarche. b. before any other signs of puberty. c. after adult stature is reached. d. at the peak of the growth spurt.

d. at the peak of the growth spurt.

During infancy, girls Select one: a. are slightly taller than boys. b. have less mature bones than boys. c. are slightly heavier than boys. d. have a higher ratio of fat to muscle than boys.

d. have a higher ratio of fat to muscle than boys.

In well-nourished children, ordinary childhood illnesses Select one: a. occur earlier than in malnourished children. b. often have severe consequences. c. often interfere with physical growth. d. have no effect on physical growth.

d. have no effect on physical growth

Babies Select one: a. are capable of only one form of learning: operant conditioning. b. are capable of only one form of learning: classical conditioning. c. rarely learn through observation. d. learn through their natural preference for novel stimulation.

d. learn through their natural preference for novel stimulation.

During puberty, as neurons become more responsive to excitatory neurotransmitters, adolescents Select one: a. have difficulty storing and retrieving long-term memories. b. become capable of reading and interpreting emotional cues. c. cope better with stressful events and rarely experience negative emotion. d. react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.

d. react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.