quiz 25

Which chemical or combination of chemicals would most stimulate eating behavior?

2-DG and mercaptoacetate

Which pair of peptides below act as anorexigens?

CART; alpha-MSH

___________ does not stimulate insulin secretion or enhance leptin production, so it is less likely to trigger satiety mechanisms.

Fructose

________ is a probably key dietary factor for inducing obesity.

High-fructose corn syrup

Which of the following is true regarding the peptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)?

Infusion of an antibody to CART increases feeding.

_____________ inhibit(s) NPY and AGRP which, in turn, results in less orexin and MCH release.

Leptin.

Ghrelin acts on ________ neurons to stimulate feeding.

NPY

There are many substances in the brain and body that trigger hunger. This one, however, triggers hunger even if giving into that hunger involves eating bitter foods or receiving shocks to the mouth during eating.

NPY

Which pair below act as orexigens?

NPY and AgRP

Which of the following is true of leptin?

Obese humans have normal plasma leptin levels and are insensitive to leptin injection.

____________ chemicals tend to decrease metabolic rate, and ____________ chemicals tend to increase it.

Orexigenic; anorexigenic

In what sense could a fall in leptin levels be considered as a hunger signal?

Reduced leptin levels remove an inhibitory influence on NPY/AGRP neurons.

Which of the following is true of the success rate of therapy for anorexia nervosa?

The treatment success rate has not improved in 50 years.

Which of the following would be expected to be useful for the treatment of obesity?

a drug that activates leptin, CCK, CART, or MC4 receptors

Drugs such as fenfluramine that were used to treat obesity exerted an inhibition of appetite by

acting as a serotonin agonist in the brain.

The obsession with food noted in anorexia may be related to

an effect of starvation.

A key aspect of anorexia nervosa is

an intense fear of obesity.

The distinction between bulimia and anorexia nervosa is that

anorexia nervosa involves weight loss, while bulimia involves binging.

Targeted mutation in mice that prevented the production of insulin receptors in the brain without affecting their production elsewhere in the body resulted in mice that

became obese.

The serotonin agonist fluoxetine may be useful for the treatment of the eating disorder known as

bulimia

The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure produces weight loss by

decreasing plasma ghrelin levels.

The greatest degree of satiety would be expected for the situation involving

distension of the stomach by an inflatable bag, in combination with infusion of nutrients directly into the duodenum.

The effects of neuropeptide Y on ________ are localized within the ________.

eating; lateral hypothalamus

Habitual marijuana smokers often experience the munchies due to THC being an agonist for

endocannabinoids

Administration of endocannabinoids, substances related to THC, stimulates eating by

increasing the release of MCH and orexin

Leptin inhibits eating via

inhibition of NPY, AGRP, and orexin neurons within the hypothalamus.

Cholecystokinin

inhibits eating

Ob mice lack which satiety signal?

leptin

Match up the correct behavior with the condition that precedes it.

mercaptoacetate; eating

The peptides ________ and ________ act in the hypothalamus to increase eating in the rat.

orexin; melanin-concentrating hormone

Which terms below are synonymous?

orexins; hypocretins

Electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus ________, whereas electrical stimulation ________.

produce overeating to obesity; inhibits eating

The observation that the incidence of obesity has greatly increased over a few decades is unlikely to be due to

rapid changes in the gene pool

During the fasting phase of metabolism,

the pancreas secretes glucagon rather than insulin.