Quiz 3

Informs of 0/00

Salt = 5g = X= 25= 25% SW = 2000g=1000= 1000 25= X= 25,000= 25,000 ppm 1000= 1,000,000= 1,000,000=

Na + / CI- Ratio

Salt water is washed from the land 0.56 River water 0.8 38% Silenty in the ocean 34.8% = 34.8g salt+ (1000) 34.800 g salt 1000g SW+ (1000) 1,000,000g sw

What are the dissolved gases vary in concentration due to variations

Sanlinity, temp, and pressure

Hkw much potassium is there in 5kg of seawater?

(5kg of seawater)x 0.380g of k+ 1 kg of seawater =1.9 of k+

Dissolved Gases in Seawater

-Carbon Dioxide - Co2. 2 (The more CO2 the warmer the earth) - Nitrogen- N2. 1 -Oxygen O2 3 -Argon- Ar Percent of gas in atmosphere by volune N2- 78.8 O2- 20.95 CO2- 0.038 in 2008 AR- close to 1% Precent in seawater by volume N2- 48 O2- 36 CO2 - is 15 Mass N2- 10-18 O2- 0-13 CO2- 64-107

Chloride

-Cl- Anion Negative change -Na CI + Water -> Na+ + CI - -H20 has a charge that makes the Ions fall every easy -Water is a polar molecule H20

Removing carbon dioxide

-Temp: as the temperature inceases the satuaration value of gas in seawater DECREASES - Salinity increases the saturation value of gas in seawater DECREASES -Pressure increase the saturation value of gas in seawater INCREASES

What is the concentration of potassium (K+) in seawater ?

0.380 grams of K+/ Kilogram of seawater

Salinity is measured by

1: Evaporation 2: Titration using silvernitratve (AG No3) salinity 0%00= 1.80655 x Chlorinity (0%00) Chlority= Chloride Concentration 3: Salinometer Measures Electrical Conductivity of seawater (How much salt there are depends on salinity and Temperature)

Sinks of seawater componets

1: Hydrothermal Circulation through ocean crust removed some Ions from seawater 2: Formation of skeletal parts of Marine organisms 3: Formation of hydrogenous sediments A: Manganese Noaules B: Evaporite Deposits

Processes that control seawater salinity (changes in seawater salinity)

1: River Runoff decreases salinity 2: Evaporation increases in salinity 3: Precipitation (rainfall) decreases salinity Seawater is denser than fresh water 4: formation of sea ice -water freezes not the salt -increases salinity 5: Melting if sea ice and glaclers -changes lowers salinity

Biological processes that afefr dissolved gases

1: photo synthesis by plants phytoplankton (micro algae) Seaweed (marco algae) 6CO2 + H20 —sunlight—> C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 2: Eespiration by Marine animals C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 —-> 6CO2 H6 H2O Carbohydrate. Carbon Dioxide 3: Decay and decomposition of organix matter Consumes O2 Releases Co2 Process- Dissolved O2 -Dissolved CO2 ———————————————————————— Photosynthesis- Increases- decreases Respiration - Decreases- Increase Decomposition - decreases- Increases. Of organ matter

Sources of Ions in seawater

1: weathering of rocks on land - breaking of rocks at earths surface A: Mechanical of physical weathering disintegration of rocks into smaller fragments B: Chemical weathering by chemical reactions. - Dissolved chemicals in rocks like lime stone ( ca co3) end up in the ocean 2: Volcanic activity on land and on seafloor A: Volcanic Ash B: Volcanic Gases- (Water Vapor (h20) carbon dioxide (Co2) Chloride (CI) Sulfer Gases (H2S, So2) 3: Hydrothermal on seafloor- hotsprings 4: Dissolving of Skeletal parts (microfossils is) of marine organisms Ocean is in a steady state inputs/sources are balanced by outputs/ sinks

Satvration value

=max amount of gas That can be dissolved in seawater

Why is this important?

Affects Marine life ( Oxygen for animals)

Ions

Atoms and molecules with an electrical charge - Sodium plus Na+- Cation- Positive Charge If it lost 1 electrical. (11 porton) Which made it a positive (11 atom)

What is in sea salt

Composition of sea water Six main constitvents 1: Sodium Na+ 2: Chloride Cl- 3: Magnessium Mg zt 4: Calcium Ca zt 5: Potassium K+1 6: Sulfate (So4) -z

Deep water in the ocean

Is colder (0 degrees - 2 degresses) and under most pressure than surface and so has a higher saturation value

Solinity

Measuring Solinity -Average solinity for ocean 34.8 % -Average Solinity for Riever ocean 0.1 % -Ions in both cless saltions in river water -get Sinity from PPm

6

Na+ = Katian CI - = Antion Ca+2 Mg+2 K+1 (So4) -2

Salinity

Ocean salinity is generally defined as the salt concentration.

Sources/ Sinks

Sources= weathering of rock on land (main one) + carried to the ocean from river

Atlanic ocean map

Whats the highest point ? North ( Tropic of Cancer) 23.5 degrees South (Tropic of Capricorn) 23.5 degrees