Quiz 4 2373

Pigments

Give color to paint, include iron, titanium dioxide, zinc, aluminum, asphalt, calcium, etc. No more lead.

Type of finish

Gloss, semi gloss, flat

Glue-laminated lumber

Glue-laminated lumber, commonly called glulam, is constructed of solid lumber glued together, side against side, to make beams and joists of large dimensions that are stronger than natural wood of the same size. They are used for structural purposes yet are decorative as well, and in most cases their surfaces are left exposed to show the natural wood grain.

Hardwood panels

Hardwood plywood is available with hardwood face veneers, of which the most popular are birch, oak, and lauan. Hardwood plywood is used in the interior of buildings for such things as wall paneling, built-in cabinets, and fixtures

Facts about conrete

Typically ordered by cubic yard, Has great compression strength, weak tensile and shear strength, often reinforced to increase strength, Strength is often based upon a water to cement ratio, Continuously cures throughout its life.

Sanding

Use of sandpaper in steps (rough, medium, fine, very fine), fine steel wool.

Tilt construction

Used to construct buildings, very fast compared to other methods, inexpensive (most expensive part of construction is the labor).

Laminated Strand Lumber

Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL) is manufactured from surplus, over mature aspen trees that usually are not large, strong, or straight enough to produce ordinary wood products. It is used for a wide range of millwork, such as doors, windows, and virtually any product that requires high-grade lumber. It is also used for truck decks, manufactured housing, and some structural lumber, such as window and door headers.

Laminated Veneer lumber

Laminated veneer lumber, commonly called LVL, is one of several types of engineered lumber products. LVL is intended for use as high-strength, load-carrying beams to support the weight of construction over window and door openings, and in floor and roof systems of residential and light commercial wood frame construction.

Computing Concrete

Length(ft) x Width(ft) x thickness(ft)/27. Add 5 to 10% for waste, typically runs around 75 to 125 per cubic yard.

Preparing Wood for finishing

Remove dents, filling holes (putty, plastic wood, putty stick), sanding, selecting the finish.

Primers and undercoaters

Used to prepare a surface for a high quality top coat, seals the surface and allows paint to stick to it, primer and paint must be compatible.

Sticking

is the process of restacking the lumber on small cross-sticks that allow air to circulate between the pieces. The process may take 6 months to 2 years due to the large amount of water found in lumber. It is sometimes placed in dry kilns to speed up the process.

Solvents and thinners

used to clean and strip finishes/brushes, very toxic and flammable, types (Denatured alcohol, turpentine, paint thinner, varsol, lacquer thinner.

Frost line

Footings must be located below the frost line. Foundations will crack if they are above this area in the soil.

Hardwood and softwoods

*Hardwood comes from (deciduous) trees that shed their leaves each year. Common ones are ash, birch, cherry, hickory, maple, mahogany, oak, and walnut. *Softwood is cut from (coniferous), or cone-bearing, trees, commonly known as evergreens. Common ones are pine, fir, hemlock, spruce, cedar, cypress, and redwood.

Interior (L) Vs Exterior paints (O)

*Interior - inside a home or structure. Will not withstand outdoor elements. Generally always latex based. Ex. Walls, ceilings, trim, etc. *Exterior - outside of a home or structure. Designed to weather outside elements. Generally always oil based. Ex. Window trim, fences, outside walls, etc.

Lumber defect

A mild type of warp is called a crown. A crown is an arc along the length of a board. This usually has minimal effect because framing members are assembled with crowns projecting in the same direction. Knots are cress sections of branches in a trunk of a tree. Knot defects affect the strength of a board varyingly, if they are small and tight the board remains strong, large loose knots weaken a board significantly. Pitch pockets are small cavities that hold pitch, which sometimes oozes out. A wane is bark on the edge of lumber or the surface from which the bark has fallen

Performance Rating

A performance-rated panel meets the requirements of the panels end use. The four end uses for which panels are rated are single-layer flooring; exterior siding; sheathing used for roofs, floors, and walls; and special high-strength applications. APA performance-rated panels are also manufactured in three exposure durability classifications: exterior, exposure 1, and exposure 2. Panels marked exterior are designed for permanent exposure to the weather or moisture. Exposure 1 panels are intended for use when long delays in construction may cause the panels to be exposed to the weather before being protected. Exposure 2 are designed for used when only moderate delays in providing protection from the weather are expected.

Concrete Block construction

Also known as concrete masonry units (CMU), Used in all parts of the world, stacked upon one another.

concrete Additives

Accelerators, retarders, air entrainments, plasticisers, pigments, corrosion inhibitors, bonding agents, pumping aids.

Preparing the wood for finish

Clean the product (remove dust, splinters, lint), use air to blow the wood clean, wipe with old t-shirt (wet) and allow to air dry.

Fiberboards

Fiberboards are manufactured as high-density, medium-density, and low-density boards. Hardboards are high-density fiberboards, some panels are tempered, or coated with oil and baked to increase hardness, strength, and water resistance. Medium-density fiberboard is manufactured in a manner similar to that used to make hardboard except that the fibers are not pressed as tightly together. Low-density fiberboard is called soft board, it is light and contains many tiny air spaces because the particles are not compressed tightly.

Finishing Conrete

Floats, Jitterbug float, jointers, edger.

Warps

Is a defect of lumber that is classified as crooks, bow, kink, cup and twist.

Concrete

Is a mixture of sand, cement, water, aggregate, and other additives.

Wood

Is made of many hollow cells held together by a natural substance called lignin. Tree growth takes place in the cambium layers, As a tree grows outward from the pith (center) the inner cells become inactive and turn into heartwood which is the central part of the tree and is usually darker in color and more durable than sapwood.

Steps in concrete Construction

Level the area, batter the boards, stakes, rebar or reinforcing mesh, pour the concrete, vibrate the concrete, finish the concrete.

Lumber grades and sizes

Lumber is categorized as boards (under 2) boards, sheathing, and form lumber.Dimension (2 to 4) light framing, studs, structural light framing, and structural joists and planks. Timber (5 or thicker) beams and stringers. (lumber is 1/2 inch off 2x4 is 1 1/2 x 3 1/2)

Plywood APA rate panels

Many sawmills belong to associations that inspect, test, and allow mills to stamp the product to certify that it conforms to government and industrial standards. Plywood is a sandwich of wood. Most panels are made up of sheets of veneer (thin pieces) called plies. These plies, arranged in layers, are bonded under pressure with glue to for a very strong panel.

Applying clear finished

Old finish- oldest method for preserving wood (linseed, cottonseed, neats foot oil), Varnish- Requires a sealer coat first sanding sealer, 2 top coats, becomes darker over time, Polyurethane-Clear finish that's available in a variety of finishes, high gloss to satin, Lacquer-clear finish wood, Shellac.

Oriented strand board

Oriented Strand Board is a non-veneered performance-rated structural panel composed of small oriented (lined up) strand-like wood pieces arranged in three to five layers with each layer at right angles to the other. The cross-lamination of the layers achieves the same advantages of strength and stability as in plywood.

Parallel Strand Lumber

Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL) is designed to replace large dimension lumber (beams, planks, and posts). PSL comes in many thicknesses and widths and is manufactured up to 66 ft. long. PSL is available in square and rectangular shapes for use as posts and beams.

ParticleBoard

Particleboard is a reconstituted wood panel made of wood flakes, chips, sawdust, and planer shavings.These wood particles are mixed with an adhesive, formed into a mat, and pressed into sheet form. The kind, size and arrangement of the wood particles determine the quality of the board. The quality of particleboard is indicated by its density (hardness), which ranges from 28 to 55 pounds per cubic foot.

Reinforcing Concrete

Rebar (1/4 on up), Mesh

Common concrete forms

Sidewalks, Driveways, house slabs.

Testing Concrete

Slump test and compression test

Preparing metal for finsih

Steam clean greasy/oil machinery, sand/media blast old paint, clean surface to be painted.

Lumber parts

The long narrow surface of a piece of lumber is called its EDGE, the long width surface is termed its SIDE are its extremities are its ends. The distance across the edge is called its THICKNESS, across its side is called its WIDTH and from one end to end is its LENGTH.

Span Rating

The span rating in the grade stamp on APA-rated sheathing appears as two numbers separated by a slash, such as 32/16 or 48/24. The left number denotes the maximum recommended spacing of supports when the panel is used for roof or wall sheathing. The right number indicates the maximum recommended spacing of supports when the panel is used for subflooring.

Engineered panels

The term engineered panels refer to man-made products in the form of large reconstituted wood sheets, sometimes called panels or boards.

Plain sawed method (slash sawed)

This method of sawing produces a distinctive grain pattern on the wide surface, and is the least expensive and produces greater widths. However, plain-sawed lumber shrinks more during drying and warps easily. It sometimes called slash-sawed.

Wood stains

Variety of colors, they will stain, wipe on and wipe off excess, multiple coats for desired darkness.

Formulation of paints

Various formulas of paint for various reasons. Ex- High heat paint for bbq pits, chalking formula of paint for fences, trim and shutter paint to prevent runoff discoloration, car paint that resists fading.

Vehicles in paints

Vehicle - liquid portion of the paint Water or oil based Water = water based paints Oil = oil based paints Latex - water based paint, cleans with water Alkyd - oil based paint, cleans with solvents Epoxy - synthetic based paint, very wear resistant

Veneer Grades

Veneer Grades: In declining order, the letters A, B, C plugged, C, and D are used to indicate the appearance quality of panel veneers. Two letters are found in the grade stamp of veneered panels. One letter indicates the quality of one face, while the other letter indicates the quality of the opposite face.

Wood I-Beams

Wood I-beams are wood assemblies that use an efficient "I" shape, common in steel beams, which gives them tremendous strength in relation to their size and weight. Consequently, they are able to carry heavy loads over long distances while using considerably less wood than solid lumber of a size necessary to carry the same load over the same span.

Quarter Sawing

produces pieces in which the annular rings are at or almost at right angles to the wide surface. Quarter-sawed lumber has less of a tendency to warp and shrinks less and more evenly when it dries. It produces a distinctive and desirable grain pattern and it tends to be more durable.

Vibrating Conrete

removes bubbles and strengthens the concrete.