Quiz #5: Sections- Introduction, 5.1, 5.2

E.) Wording Effects

A majority of respondents in a national survey agreed that "classroom prayer should not be allowed in public schools." Only 33 percent of respondents in a similar severe agreed that "classroom prayer should be banned." These divergent findings best illustrate the importance of A.) Operational Defintion B.) The Hindsight Bias C.) Overconfidence D.) Random Assignment E.) Wording Effects

A.) A Sampling Bias

George was worried about his bakery's new cupcakes after two customers disliked them on the first day, but when he surveyed his customers over the next week, more than 90% of the customers said they loved them. By giving too much weight to those two customers before the survey, George almost committed an error known as: A.) A Sampling Bias B.) Wording Effects C.) A Replication Error D.) Confusing correlation with causation E.) Not following ethical guidelines

E.) Population

In order to learn about the political attitudes of all students enrolled at Arizona State University, Professor Marlow randomly selected 800 of these students to complete a questionnaire. In this instance, all the students enrolled at Arizona State University are considered to be a(n): A.) Independent Variable B.) Representative Sample C.) Control D.) Dependent Variable E.) Population

C.) Inferences

The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable: A.) Assumptions B.) Correlations C.) Inferences D.) Variables E.) Hypotheses

A.) Naturalistic Observation

To study the development off relationships, Dr. Rajiv carefully observed and recorded patterns of verbal and nonverbal behaviors among boys and girls in the school yard? Which research method did Dr. Rajiv employ? A.) Naturalistic Observation B.) Replication C.) The Survey D.) The Case Study E.) Experimentation

B.) The Case Study

To understand the unusual behavior of an adult client, a clinical psychologist carefully investigates the client's current life situation and his physical, social-cultural, and educational history. Which research method has the psychologist used? A.) The Survey B.) The Case Study C.) Experimentation D.)Naturalistic Observation E.) Correlation

D.) Individual cases can be misleading and result in false generalizations.

What is the primary limitation of the case study research method? A.) It is not an empirical method. B.) The case study is not part of the scientific method. C.) Random sampling must be used to ensure representative findings. D.) Individual cases can be misleading and result in false generalizations. E.) Correlational findings from case studies cannot be interpreted as casual.

A.) Jean Piaget

Which of the following researchers used the case study method, carefully observing one exceptional individual in depth to research conclusions that might be true of all of us? A.) Jean Piaget B.) James Randi C.) Jane Goodall D.) William James E.) John B. Watson

E.) Random Sampling

Which procedure helps to ensure that the participants in a survey are representative of a larger population? A.) Random assignment B.) Replication C.) Correlation D.) Naturalistic Observation E.) Random Sampling

A.) The Survey

Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between the religious beliefs of Americans and their attitudes towards abortion? A.) The Survey B.) Naturalistic Observation C.) The Case Study D.) Experimentation E.) Random Assignment

C.) Repeated research with similar results increases confidence in the reliability of the original findings

Why is replication important to science? A.) It allows you to obtain a representative sample of cases to study. B.) The natural setting eliminates the artificial environment of a lab. C.) Repeated research with similar results increases confidence in the reliability of the original findings. D.) Researchers can test the impact of belief on behavior. E.) Minimizing preexisting differences between groups increases confidence in findings about a specific theory.