quiz 6

Rescue breathing for an Infant you should provide how many breaths per minute? 20 to 24 breaths per minute 10 to 12 breaths per minutes 12 to 20 breaths per minute 6 to 10 breaths per minute

12 to 20 breaths per minute

Rescue breathing for an Infant you should provide how many breaths per minute? 6 to 10 breaths per minute 20 to 24 breaths per minute 10 to 12 breaths per minutes 12 to 20 breaths per minute

12 to 20 breaths per minute

Following a head injury, a 20-year-old female opens her eyes spontaneously, is confused, and obeys your commands to move her extremities. You should assign her a GCS score of: 12. 14 15. 13.

14

When providing rescue breathing for an Adult that has a pulse you should give one breath every: 3-5 seconds 3 seconds 5-6 seconds 5 seconds

5-6 seconds

The cervical spine is composed of _____ vertebrae. 7 6 5 8

7

Which of the following statements regarding cervical collars is correct? Once a cervical collar is applied, you can cease manual head stabilization. The patient's head should be forced into a neutral position to apply a cervical collar. A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization. Cervical collars are contraindicated in patients with numbness to the extremities.

A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization.

Which of the following is an accurate definition of a flail chest? The fracture of at least four ribs in two or more places A lung that has been punctured by a fractured rib, resulting in a buildup of air A section of the chest wall that is unstable, leading to breathing problems The fracture of one rib in two or more consecutive places

A section of the chest wall that is unstable, leading to breathing problems

Which of the following injuries requires the use of an occlusive dressing? All of the above An open wound to the chest An open wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding An open wound to the neck

All of the above

Which victim of a severe airway obstruction should receive abdominal thrusts? An obese 50-year-old male In average size 9 month old infant An average size 27-year-old male A woman who is obviously pregnant

An average size 27-year-old male

Which of the following traumatic chest injuries may result in massive, often fatal internal hemorrhage? Aortic dissection Cardiac tamponade Hemothorax Hemopneumothorax

Aortic dissection

Bleeding from open lower abdominal injuries should initially be controlled with which one of the following techniques? Applying direct pressure to the wound Applying an ice pack or chemical cold pack Packing the wound with rolled gauze Applying an occlusive dressing

Applying direct pressure to the wound

Which portions of the spine are the most vulnerable to injury? Thoracic and sacra Cervical and sacra Cervical and lumbar Thoracic and lumbar

Cervical and lumbar

Your patient is an 11-year-old male who has a swollen, painful, and angulated right lower arm after falling from his bicycle onto his hands. Which of the following should be considered in the immobilization of his injured extremity? Check pulse, movement, and sensation distal to the injury before and after splinting. Immobilize from the shoulder to the wrist. Do not attempt to realign the extremity before splinting. Use an upper extremity traction splint.

Check pulse, movement, and sensation distal to the injury before and after splinting.

You are on scene of an 80-year-old male in cardiac arrest. You are performing CPR and your partner brings out the AED. The last crew forgot to put in adult AED pads and all you have is pediatric AED pads. What should you do? Do not use the pediatric pads on an adult and perform high quality CPR Use the pediatric pads on the adult but place the pads closer together Place a pads anterior and posterior on the adult Use the pediatric pads on the adult because he's dead anyway

Do not use the pediatric pads on an adult and perform high quality CPR

What is the 2ed link in the pediatric out of the hospital chain of survival? Rapid defibrillation or AED calling 911 Prevention High-quality CPR

High-quality CPR

Your patient is a 16-year-old male who was ejected from an all-terrain vehicle and struck his head on a large rock. He was not wearing a helmet. He is unresponsive with shallow, irregular respirations; a blood pressure of 170/110 mmHg; and a heart rate of 50 beats per minute. Which of the following interventions would be MOST appropriate? Insert an oropharyngeal airway and give oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and ventilate via bag-valve mask at 20 breaths per minute. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and ventilate via bag-valve mask at 30 breaths per minute. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and give oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm.

Insert an oropharyngeal airway and ventilate via bag-valve mask at 20 breaths per minute.

Following blunt abdominal trauma, a 30-year-old male complains of referred pain to the left shoulder. This finding is called the: Brudzinski sign. Grey Turner sign. Cullen sign. Kehr sign.

Kehr sign.

The head tilt chin lift relieves airway obstruction by; Lifting the tongue off the back of the throat Realigning the trachea posteriorly Increases a size of the trachea Increases the size of the mouth

Lifting the tongue off the back of the throat

Which of the following statements regarding shoulder dislocations is MOST correct? They are caused by forced arm adduction. Are always associated with humerus fractures. Most shoulder dislocations occur anteriorly. They involve the acromion process and humerus.

Most shoulder dislocations occur anteriorly.

Which of the following observations is the most important for an EMT use to rule out a spinal injury in a trauma patient? No mechanism of injury. There is a lack of numbness and paralysis of the extremities. Patient is able to walk at the scene. Patient denies pain in his spine.

No mechanism of injury.

What is the 5th link in the pediatric out of the hospital chain of survival? High-quality CPR Rapid defibrillation or AED Post cardiac arrest care ALS

Post cardiac arrest care

The patient can remember everything but the events leading up tot he injury is called; Retrograde amnesia Anterograde amnesia syncoplastinous the Born effect

Retrograde amnesia

Which of the following pieces of equipment is acceptable for use in the prehospital stabilization of suspected cervical spine injuries? All of the above Five-pound sand bags Soft cervical collars Rigid cervical collars

Rigid cervical collars

Which of the following describes the proper application of an occlusive dressing for an open chest wound? Use a porous material such as a 4" by 4" gauze pad. Trim the dressing so that it is the exact size of the wound. Tape the dressing securely on three or four sides Tape sterile 4x4 dressing to opening

Tape the dressing securely on three or four sides

A new EMT who is treating a suspected femur injury asks his partner, "How much traction should I pull?" The partner's BEST reply is which of the following? No traction splint applied in the field pulls true traction; they must pull 20 pounds of countertraction. The amount of traction applied should be 15 pounds. Pull enough traction to give the patient some relief from the pain. The amount of traction applied should be roughly 10 percent of the patient's body weight and not exceed 15 pounds.

The amount of traction applied should be roughly 10 percent of the patient's body weight and not exceed 15 pounds.

A new EMT who is treating a suspected femur injury asks his partner, "How much traction should I pull?" The partner's BEST reply is which of the following? No traction splint applied in the field pulls true traction; they must pull 20 pounds of countertraction. The amount of traction applied should be roughly 10 percent of the patient's body weight and not exceed 15 pounds. Pull enough traction to give the patient some relief from the pain. The amount of traction applied should be 15 pounds.

The amount of traction applied should be roughly 10 percent of the patient's body weight and not exceed 15 pounds.

Which of the following measures is NOT appropriate for a patient with a significant isolated head injury? Keep the patient from becoming overheated. Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard. Control bleeding from head wounds. Try to keep the patient from being agitated.

Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard

Pneumothorax is defined as: accumulation of air between the lungs. blood collection within the pleural space. blood collection within the lung tissue. accumulation of air in the pleural space.

accumulation of air in the pleural space.

Any unresponsive trauma patient should be assumed to have: internal bleeding in the abdomen. a history of diabetes mellitus. a severe intracranial hemorrhage. an accompanying spinal injury.

an accompanying spinal injury.

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: covering the avulsion with and occlusive dressing. administering 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing. take pictures with your iPhone to put on your facebook page.

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing

After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient's head, you should: assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities. thoroughly palpate the patient's head for deformities. use four people to log roll the patient onto a backboard. apply an appropriately sized soft cervical collar.

assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.

A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume. The MOST appropriate airway management for her includes: assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate. hyperventilating her at 30 breaths/min. administering oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. ventilation assistance to maintain an oxygen saturation of 90%.

assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate.

A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen and protecting his spine, you should: apply traction splints to both of his legs, keep him warm, and transport without delay. splint each of his deformed femurs with long board splints and transport immediately. apply the PASG to stabilize his femurs and transport at once. bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay.

bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay.

An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as: bleeding between the dura mater and brain. venous lacerations that occur within the brain. an injury caused by a damaged cerebral artery. bleeding between the skull and dura mater.

bleeding between the skull and dura mater.

Bone marrow produces: electrolytes. lymphocytes. platelets. blood cells.

blood cells

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and point tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be MOST suspicious for: a lacerated liver or spleen. external genitalia injury. a ruptured urinary bladder. blunt injury to the kidney.

blunt injury to the kidney.

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and point tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be MOST suspicious for: blunt injury to the kidney. external genitalia injury. a lacerated liver or spleen. a ruptured urinary bladder.

blunt injury to the kidney.

The musculoskeletal system refers to the: nervous system's control over the muscles. bones and voluntary muscles of the body. involuntary muscles of the nervous system. all connective tissue that supports the skeleton.

bones and voluntary muscles of the body.

What is the 3rd link in the pediatric out of the hospital chain of survival? Rapid defibrillation or AED Prevention calling 911 High-quality CPR

calling 911

When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should: apply rigid board splints across the chest and back. carefully assess the patient for breathing problems. recognize that scapular fractures are life threatening. assume that minimal force was applied to the back.

carefully assess the patient for breathing problems.

Coordination of balance and body movement is controlled by the: cerebellum medulla. brain stem. cerebrum.

cerebellum

The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a: dislocation strain. fracture. sprain.

d

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured: aorta. stomach. diaphragm spleen.

diaphragm

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity? severe strain hairline fracture displaced fracture moderate sprain

displaced fracture

A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the: proximal radius. humerus and ulna. distal ulna. distal radius.

distal radius.

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause: nausea or vomiting. distention referred pain. diffuse bruising.

distention

The tough, fibrous outer meningeal layer is called the: gray mater. arachnoid. pia mater. dura mater.

dura mater

Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade? coughing up green sputum hypertension diminished breath sounds engorged jugular veins

engorged jugular veins

When immobilizing a patient on a long backboard, you should: have the patient exhale before fastening the torso straps. secure the torso and then center the patient on the board. ensure that you secure the torso before securing the head. follow the commands of the person at the patient's torso.

ensure that you secure the torso before securing the head.

Traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure fractures of the: hip. pelvis. humerus. femur.

femur

Air bags, in conjunction with properly worn seatbelts, are MOST beneficial when a person is involved in a: head-on crash rollover crash. rear-end collision. lateral collision.

head-on crash

A sign of kidney damage following blunt trauma is: hematochezia. hematemesis. hematuria hemoptysis.

hematuria.

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. Frontal airbags deployed and has no trouble breathing. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for: a cervical spine fracture. fracture of the tibia or fibula. hip dislocation. fractured ribs.

hip dislocation

Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless: the patient adamantly denies neck pain. it causes a problem managing the ABCs. lateral immobilization has been applied. sensory and motor functions remain intact.

it causes a problem managing the ABCs.

When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the: tongue-jaw lift maneuver. head tilt-neck lift maneuver. head tilt-chin lift maneuver. jaw-thrust maneuver.

jaw-thrust maneuver.

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unconscious, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a: laceration of the aorta. massive hemothorax. tension pneumothorax. pericardial tamponade.

laceration of the aorta

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unconscious, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a: pericardial tamponade. massive hemothorax. laceration of the aorta. tension pneumothorax.

laceration of the aorta

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unconscious, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a: tension pneumothorax. massive hemothorax. pericardial tamponade. laceration of the aorta.

laceration of the aorta.

When caring for a patient with a possible head injury, it is MOST important to monitor the patient's: pulse regularity. level of consciousness pupil size. blood pressure.

level of consciousness

While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head-on at a low rate of speed with her small passenger car, you note that her air bag deployed. You should first: lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel. extricate her immediately and transport to a trauma center. perform a detailed head-to-toe assessment while she is in the car . carefully assess her ears to check for fluid draining.

lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel.

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the: spleen. kidney. stomach. liver.

liver

Which of the following is a vascular organ in the abdomen that can produce blood loss quickly enough to result in life-threatening hemorrhage following high mechanism of injury blunt trauma? Pancreas Kidneys Liver Intestines

liver

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured? bladder liver stomach intestine

liver

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy: may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart from lower extremities. often causes hypotension secondary to compression of the heart. is recommended if the patient has severe abdominal discomfort. results in spontaneous urinary incontinence if the bladder is full

may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart from lower extremities

When a patient experiences a severe spinal injury, he or she: often loses motor function on one side of the body. will likely be paralyzed from the neck down. most commonly has a palpable spinal deformity. may lose sensation below the level of the injury.

may lose sensation below the level of the injury.

The layer of covering that protects the nervous system is called the: meninges. spinal column. cerebrospinal fluid. skull.

meninges.

A rapid, irregular pulse following blunt trauma to the chest is MOST suggestive of a: pericardial tamponade. ruptured aorta. tension pneumothorax. myocardial contusion.

myocardial contusion.

A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a __________ fracture. transverse greenstick comminuted pathologic

pathologic

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life? pelvic fracture with hypotension bilateral femur fractures an amputated extremity nondisplaced long bone fractures

pelvic fracture with hypotension

Which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock? humerus pelvis hip femur

pelvis

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen: it commonly protrudes through the injury site. peritonitis may not develop for several hours. it will bleed profusely and rapidly cause shock. the abdomen will become instantly distended.

peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

You find a middle-aged male is sitting against a wall in obvious distress. The patient appears to be extremely short of breath and has an open wound to his chest that is making a sucking sound. You should immediately: place a trauma dressing over the wound. cover the wound with an occlusive dressing. place the patient on high-concentration oxygen. place your gloved hand over the wound.

place your gloved hand over the wound.

You find a middle-aged male is sitting against a wall in obvious distress. The patient appears to be extremely short of breath and has an open wound to his chest that is making a sucking sound. You should immediately: place the patient on high-concentration oxygen. place your gloved hand over the wound. place a trauma dressing over the wound. cover the wound with an occlusive dressing.

place your gloved hand over the wound.

Irritation or damage to the pleural surfaces that causes sharp chest pain during inhalation is called: pneumothorax. pneumonitis. pleurisy. dyspnea.

pleurisy

The primary purpose for splinting a musculoskeletal injury is to: make the patient comfortable. facilitate ambulance transport. maximize distal circulation. prevent further injury.

prevent further injury.

During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. As your partner is administering oxygen to the patient, you should: reassess the adequacy of the patient's breathing and bag as needed You Answered stabilize the chest wall with a occular dressing make note of it and continue your assessment. request a paramedic to decompress the chest.

reassess the adequacy of the patient's breathing and bag as needed

A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury: is most likely experiencing severe blood loss. should be placed in Trendelenburg's position. has most likely experienced a ruptured aorta. requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation.

requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation.

A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing: pomegranate amnesia. Captain Bob's amnesia. posttraumatic amnesia. retrograde amnesia.

retrograde amnesia.

Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST likely be masked by: ecchymosis. swelling. guarding. crepitus.

s

What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities? autonomic central sensory somatic

somatic

Which of the following bones is found in the chest? Sternum Ilium Tarsals Metacarpals

sternum

During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should: pack his nostrils to stop the drainage of blood. immobilize his spine and transport immediately. suction his oropharynx. assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

suction his oropharynx.

Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST likely be masked by: crepitus. guarding. swelling ecchymosis.

swelling

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called: ligaments. tendons. cartilage. fascia.

tendons

Elevation of the rib cage during inhalation occurs when: intrathoracic pressure stays the same. abdominal contents descend. the intercostal muscles contract. the respiratory muscles relax.

the intercostal muscles contract.

An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which: a large hematoma overlies the fracture. bone ends must protrude through the skin. the overlying skin above a fractured bone is no longer intact. a bullet shatters the underlying bone.

the overlying skin above a fractured bone is no longer intact.

When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until: the head has been stabilized with lateral immobilization. an appropriately sized cervical collar has been applied. the patient has been secured to the ambulance stretcher. the patient has been completely secured to the backboard.

the patient has been completely secured to the backboard.

Immediate death from blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle crash is MOST often the result of: penetrating lung injuries. a tension pneumothorax. traumatic aortic rupture a massive cardiac contusion.

traumatic aortic rupture

The maxillae form which of the following structures? Lower jaw Cheek bones Forehead Upper jaw

upper jaw

If you do not have the appropriate size cervical collar, you should: ask the patient to keep his or her head in a neutral position. defer cervical immobilization and apply lateral head blocks. use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head place sandbags on either side of the patient's head.

use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head.

If you do not have the appropriate size cervical collar, you should: defer cervical immobilization and apply lateral head blocks. place sandbags on either side of the patient's head. use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head. ask the patient to keep his or her head in a neutral position.

use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head.

A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what MOST likely occurred? collapse of both lungs due to fractured ribs that perforated the lung tissue and caused cardiac arrest ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle asystole secondary to massive intrathoracic hemorrhage due to traumatic rupture of the aorta fracture of the sternum that caused a rupture of the myocardium and led to a cardiac dysrhythmia

ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle

Pleural fluid is contained between the: visceral pleura and the abdomen. visceral and parietal pleurae. parietal pleura and the heart. parietal pleura and abdomen wall.

visceral and parietal pleurae.