quiz 9

2%

about how many U.S. adults are underweight?

100

about how many sites in the human genome are associated with obesity and fat?

spot reducing

attempt to lose weight in "problem areas" of the body

70

percentage of overweight or obese adults in the united states

pleasure center of the brain

savoring each bite also activatates?

the pleasure center of the brain

savoring each bite also activates?

epigenetic

the study of the influence of environmental factors, such as diet and physical activity, on gene expression is called "________."

may have proved to be harmful

which is true of nonprescription weight-loss products?

an obese person has more and larger fat cells than does a healthy-weight person

which of the following statement accurately describes fat cells development

the number of kcalories spent in an activity depends on body weight, intensity, and duration

which of the following statements about physical activity is true?

faster eating correlates with higher BMI

which statement accurately reflects the relationship between the speed at which one eats and weight management?

brite adipocytes (2)

white fat cells with brown fat cell characteristic

brite adipocytes

white fat cells with brown fat cell characteristics are called ________.

yo-yo dieting

wight cycling resulting from sporadic restrictive diet

the activity of lipoprotein lipase

women readily develop lower body fat around the hips, and thighs, and men readily develop central body fat around the abdomen. this primarily is due to gender differences in

orlistat

FDA-approved drug that inhibits pancreatic lipase

phentermine

FDA-approved drug with no known GI side effects

obesogenic environment

daily circumstances that push people towards fatness

1/2 to 2 pounds per week

for overweight adults, a reasonable weight loss is _________.

fad diet

an eating plan that promises quick weight loss if an individual never eats any dairy products would be called a "___________"

lipoproteins lipase

an enzyme that participates in the development of obesity

stomach

gherlin is secreted by cells in the __________.

specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time-based

health care professionals suggest setting SMART goals to change one's eating behaviors. what does SMART stand for?

behavior modification

____________ involves the changing of antecedents, behavior and consequences.

gastric aspiration

_____________ is a technique that uses a tube to empty the contents of the stomach after every meal

leptin resistance

a condition in which leptin levels are increased and leptin sensitivity is decreased is ________.

liposuction

a cosmetic weight-loss procedure

morbid obesity

a less-preferred term for clinically sever obesity is __________.

18.5

a person is considered underweight until his BMI reaches __________.

will explain the associated risk

a reputable weight-loss program will provide customers with honest predictions of success and ____________.

intragastric balloon

a saline-filled silicone device in the stomach to limit food intake

brown fat

adipose tissue that primarily releases stored energy as heat

white fat

adipose tissue that primarily stores fat for other cells to use as energy

gene pool

all the genetic information of a population at a given time is called a "________."

stomach (2)

cells that secrete ghrelin

underweight

classifications for body weight below what is considered healthy

5%

improvement in physical capabilities and quality of life begin with a __________ weight loss.

1200

in general, weight-loss diets need to provide a minimum of ___________ kcalories per day for women.

1600

in general, weight-loss diets need to provide at least of ____________ kcalories per day for men.

sleeve gastrectomy

in which procedure is 70 to 85% of the stomach removed and the rest stapled to create a vertical tube stomach with limited capacity?

sleeve gastectomy

in which procedure is 70 to 85% of the stomach removed and the rest stapled to create a vertical tube-shaped stomach which limited capacity?

35

last year, an overweight woman was classified as "obese" based on her BMI. since then, she has gained more weight and developed type 2 diabetes. she will be categorized as having "critically sever obesity" as soon as her BMI reaches ____________.

hypothalamus

leptin acts as a hormone, primarily in the ________.

10,000

meeting an activity goal of _______ steps a day is an excellent way to support a healthy BMI.

40

minimum BMI of a person classified as clinically severe obese

200-300

minimum number of minutes per week of moderately intense physical activity to prevent weight gain

brown

newborn babies are poorly insulated and cannot shiver when exposed to cold temperatures. what type of adipose tissue helps infants generate heat when it is cold?

leptin (2)

nicknamed the satiety hormone

download an app to keep a record of your eating and exercise habits

of the following, which is an example of the behavior-modification technique for weight loss?

celebrations often involve cake and alcoholic drinks

of the following, which provides an example of an obesogenic environment?

70%

over the past five decades, what proportion of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese?

2

percentage of underweight U.S adults

improving inflammation that accompanies obesity

plant-based foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains and vegetarian eating patterns may help-with weight management in addition to __________.

brite

some white fat cells can undergo a process known as browning as they take on characteristics of brown fat, most notably the activity of uncoupled proteins. What are these fat cells called?

350

studies report that the differences in the time obese and lean people spend lying, sitting, standing, and moving account for about ________ kcalories per day.

problem solving and cognitive restructuring

successful behavior changes depend in part on two cognitive skills. what are they?

set point

the ________ theory relates to body weight and propose that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its own internal controls

15%

the postexercise effect on one's metabolism may raise energy expenditure to a maximum of ________.

norepinephrine

the prescription drug phentermine acts by regulating __________

500

those on a weight-loss regimen should aim to create energy intake deficit of _________ kcalories per day

6 months

to maintain weight loss, one should aim to lose 5 to 10% of initial body weight in ________.

strongly believe that he can successfully lose weight

to maximize the long-term success of a weight-reduction program, a person should ________.

200-300

to prevent weight gain and support weight loss, one should add ________ minutes of moderately intense physical activity each week.

eat a high-kcalorie diet and exercise regularly

trevor is an underweight long-distance runner. to achieve a healthy body weight to improve his performance, he must ________.

750

underweight people expand so much energy adapting to a higher food intake at first that about _____________ extra kcalories may be needed to gain a pound a week.

volumetrics

using large quantities of low-energy-density foods in a diet is sometimes referred to as "____________"

hypertension, sleep apnea, fatty liver

weight loss is recommended for people who are obese (BMI 30) and for those who are overweight (BMI 25-29) with which of the following obesity-related risk factors?

2500

weight maintenance may require a person to expend a minimum of ________ kcalories in physical activity per week.

a genetic disorder resulting in obesity

what is Prader-Willi syndrome?

both normal weight and obese people commonly misreport actual energy intakes

what is a potential problem with using diet histories to gauge energy intake?

ghrelin

which of the following is protein that stimulates appetite and decrease energy expenditure?

liposuction (2)

which of the following procedures is more cosmetic and has little effect of the body weight?

gastric bypass

which of the following procedures is more cosmetic and has little effect on body weight?

i will eat a healthy breakfast and run 3 miles every day

which of the following reflects a SMART goal?

adopted children tend to have body weights more like their biological parents than like their adoptive parent

which of the following statements accurately describe weight gain and genetics?

an obese person has more and large fat cells than does a healthy-weight person

which of the following statements accurately describes fat cell development ?

white fat cells with brown fat cell characteristic are sometimes called "beige adipocytes"

which of the following statements accurately describes the "browning" of white fat cells?

white fat cells with brown fat cell characteristics are sometimes called "beige adipocytes."

which of the following statements accurately describes the "browning" of white fat cells?

eat a large number of meals all day

which of the following would NOT be part of a successful program of weight gain in an underweight individual?

most weight-loss programs focus on willpower, hard work, and tending the psychological issues associated with obesity

which statement about perceptions of obesity is FALSE?

most weight loss programs focus on willpower, hard work, and tending the psychological issues associated with obesity

which statement about perfection of obesity os FALSE?

they ignore dietary recommendations and allow people to eat favorite foods freely

why do fad diets appeal to so many americans?

they limit energy intake to about 1200 kcal/day.

why do fad diets typically produce weight loss, at least for a short time?

glucose and fatty acids are abundant in the blood

why is appetite surpassed after intense exercise?

this fat-busting plan jump start your metabolism and allows you to target problem areas like hips and thighs

your friend jody considers following a popular diet plan. she shows you description of the plan magazine. which of the following statement in the magazine would suggest that this plan is an unsound, fad diet?

set point (2)

a theory that the body tends to maintain a certain wight by internal controls

prevention

obesity has many causes and is a risk factor for many diseases; therefore, the best approach seems to be _______.

prvention

obesity has many causes and is a risk for many diseases: therefore, the best approach seems to be _____________.

increase the amount of energy released as heat

the uncoupling protein is adipose tissue _____________.

leptin

which of the following is a protein produced by fat cells under the direction of the ob gene that decreases appetite and increases energy expenditure?

10

when people give up cigarettes they gain an average of _____ pounds in the first year.

point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight

which of the following defines the body's set point?

point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which tends to gain weight

which of the following defines the body's set point?