Quiz
Which of the following is not located on the anterior region of the human body? Clavicle Vertebral column Sternum Mandible
Answer: Vertebral column The vertebral column is located posteriorly (at the back). The mandible, sternum, and clavicle are all located anteriorly (front).
Which of the following anatomical terms is correctly matched with its meaning? carpal/foot cervical/wrist cranial/skull inguinal/neck
Answer: cranial/skull Cranial refers to the bone comprising the skull. Carpal refers to the bone comprising the wrist. Cervical refers to the region of vertebrae in the neck. Inguinal is the superior region of the thigh.
Which of the types of tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the body? Muscle tissue Nerve tissue Epithelial tissue Connective tissue
Answer: Connective tissue Connective tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the the body. Nerve tissue is responsible for transmitting nerve impulse. Epithelial tissue functions as lining and covering of body surfaces and cavities. Muscle tissue functions in facilitating voluntary and involuntary movements.
Which of the following organ systems is not correctly paired with its function? Respiratory/ breathing and gas exchange Circulatory/ transport of substance to all tissues of the body Digestive/ provide defense against infectious diseases Nervous/ collecting, analyzing and integrating information that regulates intrinsic body conditions and maintains behavioral patterns
Answer: Digestive/ provide defense against infectious diseases The Immune system is responsible for providing defense and immunity against infectious diseases. The Digestive system is responsible for the breakdown and absorption of food. The Respiratory system facilitates breathing and gas exchange. The Nervous system is responsible for collecting, analyzing and integrating information that regulates intrinsic body conditions and maintains behavioral patterns. The Circulatory system is responsible for transport of substance to all tissues of the body.
Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function? Integumentary / obtaining nutrients necessary for growth, energy, and normal body processes Endocrine / regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling Gastrointestinal / transport substances to all tissues of the body Cardiovascular / providing the first layer of protection from outside pathogens
Answer: Endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling The Endocrine system is responsible for regulating homeostasis through hormone signaling. The Gastrointestinal system is responsible for obtaining nutrients through the breakdown and absorption of food. The Cardiovascular system is responsible for transport of substance to all tissues of the body. The Integumentary system is responsible for providing the first layer of protection from outside pathogens.
Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities? Nerve tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Epithelial tissue
Answer: Epithelial tissue Epithelial tissue functions as the lining and covering of body surfaces and cavities. Muscle tissue functions in facilitating voluntary and involuntary movements. Connective tissue is responsible for the support and protection of tissues and organs. Nerve tissue is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.
Which of the following is a heterotrophic organism with a genome stored in DNA? Human Plants Algae Virus
Answer: Human Humans are heterotrophic organisms, which means that they cannot make their own food. Instead, they rely on other sources of nutrition, such as plants and animals. Humans have their genome stored in DNA. Plants and algae are autotrophic (they can create their own food/nutrition) and have their genome stored in DNA. A virus, on the other hand, is neither autotrophic nor heterotrophic, and has RNA as genetic material.
Which of the following describes cellular respiration? It is an oxidative catabolic activity It is a reductive anabolic activity It is an oxidative anabolic activity It is a reductive catabolic activity
Answer: It is an oxidative catabolic activity An anabolic reaction is a reaction that uses energy to build molecules the organism needs. A catabolic reaction breaks down complex molecules into smaller molecules to create energy for the organism to use. Oxidation is when an element loses one or more electrons to oxygen. Reduction is when an element gains one or more electrons. Cellular respiration is the process in which a cell takes in oxygen and uses it to break down glucose to create energy in the form of ATP. In the final stage of cellular respiration (called the electron transport chain), oxygen accepts electrons and picks up protons to form water. So, because elements lose electrons to oxygen and it is a reaction in which energy is created, cellular respiration is both an oxidative and catabolic activity.
Which of the following does not correctly describe a cell membrane? It is composed primarily of proteins and lipids. Fat soluble substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and alcohol can easily pass through the membrane. It is composed of a single layer of lipids interspersed with proteins. The phospholipid component has hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
Answer: It is composed of a single layer of lipids interspersed with proteins. The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer primarily made up of lipids and proteins. The phospholipid component has hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. The hydrophobic tails make up the middle portion of the membrane and this layer makes it easy for fat soluble substances, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and alcohol to pass through.
Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell? Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes
Answer: Lysosomes Lysosomes are responsible for intracellular digestion of damaged structures, macromolecules, and bacteria. The Golgi Apparatus is responsible for the transport of proteins within and out of the cell. Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for converting nutrients to energy as ATP. The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is where synthesized proteins are processed and sorted.
Which of the following organelles plays a vital role in the breaking down of macromolecules? Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Lysosomes Ribosomes Golgi Apparatus
Answer: Lysosomes Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. Ribosomes are attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, where the synthesized proteins are processed and sorted. The Golgi Apparatus is then responsible for transporting and delivering synthesized proteins to other regions of the cell or to the plasma membrane for exocytosis into the extracellular fluid. Lysosomes, on the contrary, are responsible for digesting molecules/ substances being transported inside the cell from the outside, such as during phagocytosis by macrophages.
Which of the following is the correct order of structures from simple to most complex? Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain Neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues, brain Brain, neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues Mitochondria, nerve tissues, neurons, brain
Answer: Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain Neurons are the basic cells that make up the nervous system. Since the mitochondria is an organelle that you would find inside a neuron, it is going to be the simplest structure in the list. Multiple neurons are needed to form nervous tissue, which in turn makes up the brain. Mitochondria = cell organelle Neurons = cells Nerve tissues = tissues Brain = organ
Which of the following processes correctly describe the formation of new cells in order to replace worn-out and damaged cells during injury? Meiosis Endocytosis Exocytosis Mitosis
Answer: Mitosis Mitosis and meiosis are two types of cell division. Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. The major purpose of mitosis is to replace worn-out and damaged cells. Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. The purpose of meiosis is to create sex cells - sperm in males, eggs in females. Exocytosis is the cellular process of transporting substances out of the cell. Endocytosis is the cellular process of taking substance into the cell.
HIV is a virus that destroys the body's defense against diseases by inserting itself into the host's DNA. In which part of the infected host cell will HIV virus be found? Nucleus Lysosomes Peroxisomes Ribosomes
Answer: Nucleus HIV infects a host cell by integrating its genetic material with the genetic material of the host cell. Genetic material is located in the nucleus. Ribosomes are the sites for protein synthesis. Peroxisomes break down fatty acids to be used for forming membranes and as fuel for respiration. They also transfer hydrogen from compounds to oxygen to create hydrogen peroxide and then convert hydrogen peroxide into water. Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They digest excess or worn out cell parts, food, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Which organelle is responsible for storing DNA? Lysosomes Golgi Apparatus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus
Answer: Nucleus The genetic material, DNA, is found within the membrane-bound nucleus. The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is where synthesized proteins are processed and sorted. The Golgi Apparatus is responsible for the transport of proteins within and out of the cell. Lysosomes are responsible for digesting molecules/ substances being transported inside the cell from the outside.
The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange? Organ Tissue Organelle Organ System
Answer: Organ system Tissues are a collection of specialized cells that perform a specific functions (e.g. protection, support, nerve conduction and movement). A group of tissues that has a specialized function is referred to as an organ. A group of organs that work together to perform several related functions is an organ system.
Which of the following cell organelles is correctly paired with its function? Mitochondria/ Cell division Nucleus/ Intracellular digestion Ribosome/ Protein synthesis Lysosomes/ ATP production
Answer: Ribosome/ Protein synthesis Ribosomes are responsible for synthesis of proteins. The nucleus houses the genetic material and is responsible for cellular division, not intracellular digestion. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, wherein ATP is generated. They are not involved in cell division. Lysosomes contain digestive and hydrolytic enzymes which is essential for breaking down of molecules. Lysosomes are not involved in ATP production.
Osteoblasts are specialized cells that secrete the protein collagen and other substances necessary for bone formation. Which of the following organelles is more likely to be predominant in osteoblasts? Lysosomes Nucleus Ribosomes Mitochondria
Answer: Ribosomes Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis, so it is expected to be predominant in protein-secreting cells such as osteoblasts. Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They digest excess or worn out cell parts, food, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. Mitochondria are responsible for ATP production and are considered the powerhouse of the cell. The nucleus is the "control center" that is responsible for directing the overall activity of the cell. The nucleus contains most of the cell's DNA
Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that divides the body into left and right? Transverse Horizontal Sagittal Coronal
Answer: Sagittal The sagittal plane is also a vertical plane but it equally divides the body into left and right. The Coronal plane is an imaginary vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior). The horizontal, or transverse, plane is an imaginary plane at right angle with coronal and sagittal planes and it divides the body into superior and inferior. You may use the diagram below as a visual reference for the different types of planes used to divide the body.
Which of the following is the largest organ of the human body? Skin Pancreas Lung Kidney
Answer: Skin Skin is the largest single organ of the body that is mainly responsible for covering and protection of internal structures.
The head is _________ to the neck. Inferior Superficial Proximal Superior
Answer: Superior Superficial means that the structure is closer to the surface of the body. Superior indicates that the structure is located at a relatively higher position while inferior denotes a relatively lower position. Proximal denotes a position that is relatively closer to the center of the body or the point of attachment.
Which of the following describes the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum? Conversion of nutrients to ATP Facilitates movement of substance in and out of the cell Synthesis and transport of proteins Intracellular digestion of damaged structures, macromolecules, and bacteria
Answer: Synthesis and transport of proteins The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is studded with ribosomes and, as such, assists in the synthesis and transport of proteins. ATP production is a function of the mitochondria while intracellular digestion is performed by lysosomes. Entry and exit of substances is facilitated by the cell membrane.
Which of the following steps of protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus? Transcription to mRNA Replication Elongation Translation to amino acid
Answer: Transcription to mRNA Protein synthesis is comprised of two main steps, transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA codons to amino acids. In the nucleus, the mRNA transcribes the genetic instruction from the DNA. mRNA then diffuses to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores. Translation to amino acid and elongation to a particular protein molecule occur in the cytoplasm, particularly in the ribosomes.
Which of the following correctly describes anatomical position? Upright, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly Seated, arms at sides, palms facing posteriorly Supine, arms at sides, palms facing posteriorly Prone, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly
Answer: Upright, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly Anatomical position is described as standing erect, arms at sides, face and palms are facing anteriorly (facing to the front).
White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above? ribosomes Golgi mitochondria lysosomes
Answer: lysosomes White blood cells contain a larger number of lysosomes because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Lysosomes are responsible for digesting and removing waste from a cell. This means they can digest bacteria and viruses that are engulfed by white blood cells in order to protect the body. Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for generating energy-rich molecules for the cell. The Golgi apparatus collects small molecules and combines them to make more complex molecules within the cell. Then it packages up the complex molecules to either store or to send out of the cell. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. mRNA is translated into proteins by the ribosomes.
