Quiz Chapter 4

Which of the following explanations for why attitudes follow behavior assumes that to reduce discomfort, we justify our actions to ourselves? a. cognitive dissonance theory b. self-presentation theory c. self-perception theory d. self-consistency theory

a. cognitive dissonance theory

Question 2 According to your text, ______ is the term Batson and colleagues (2002) have used to described the tendency to appear moral while avoiding the costs of doing so. a. moral hypocrisy b. attitude behavior discrepancy c. behavioral inconsistency d. moral cowardice

a. moral hypocrisy

Which theory predicts that when people experience a self-image threat, they will compensate by affirming another aspect of the self? a. self-affirmation b. self-perception c. cognitive dissonance d. self-presentation

a. self-affirmation

Rewarding people for doing what they already enjoy may lead them to attribute their action to the reward. This is called a. the overjustification effect. b. the insufficient justification effect. c. self-perception. d. cognitive dissonance.

a. the overjustification effect.

Research on dissonance theory suggests that the attitudes-follow-behavior effect is strongest when a. people have some choice in their behavior. b. All of the answers are correct c. the person feels they should have foreseen the consequences of their behavior. d. the behavior has undesirable consequences.

b. All of the answers are correct

A powerful practical lesson of the chapter on attitudes and behavior is that if we want to change ourselves in some important way, it is best to a. plan carefully before undertaking any action. b. go ahead and take action even if we don't feel like it. c. arm ourselves with incentives and motives beforehand. d. wait for the insight and inspiration needed to see it through.

b. go ahead and take action even if we don't feel like it.

Question 4 As an example of how moral actions feed moral attitudes, the percentage of European-Americans who favored integrated schools _____ after the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 decision to desegregate schools. a. decreased b. increased, then rapidly plummeted c. increased d. stayed the same

c. increased

According to Holland and others (2002) the relationship between high (and secure) self-esteem and the frequency with which one engages in self-justification is a. neutral b. positive. c. negative d. zero

c. negative

People's attitude toward religion is a ____ predictor of whether they will go to worship next weekend. a. strong b. average c. poor d. inconsistent

c. poor

As mentioned in your textbook, the daily flag salute by schoolchildren in the United States is an attempt to use ____ to build ____. a. compliance; attitudes b. public beliefs; private conformity c. public conformity; private beliefs d. conformity; compliance

c. public conformity; private beliefs

When we are unsure of our attitudes, we infer them much as would someone else who is observing us - that is, we look at our behavior. Which theory does this describe? a. self-presentation theory b. self-consistency theory c. self-perception theory d. cognitive dissonance theory

c. self-perception theory

Impression management is to ________ as cognitive dissonance is to _________. a. self-monitoring; self-presentation b. overjustification; insufficient justification c. self-presentation; self-justification d. Bem; Festinger

c. self-presentation; self-justification

Myra's neighbor, a little boy, practices his saxophone loudly and annoyingly. According to the overjustification effect, if Myra wants to get him to quit playing, she should a. pay him a small amount to quit playing and then offer him more and more. b. threaten to make him miserable if he keeps playing. c. pay him to quit playing. d. pay him to play and then offer him less and less.

d. pay him to play and then offer him less and less.

A variation of the foot-in-the-door technique that is often used by car dealers, because it typically results in people complying with higher and higher requests, is called the _____ technique. a. conformity b. foot-in-the-door c. compliance d. low-ball

d. low-ball

A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave is what social psychologists call a(n) a. attitude. b. stereotype. c. behavior. d. role.

d. role.