quiz one
which of the following statements is true of the scientific method?
psychologists are guided by principles of critical thinking as they try to draw conclusions from research evidence collected through the scientific method.
a source of bias that may occur in research findings when participants are allowed to choose for themselves a certain treatment in a scientific study is called a _______.
selection factor
a hypothesis is a:
statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research.
famous neoanalysts such as karen horney and erik erikson differ from earlier psychodynamic practitioners in that they:
focused less on unconscious processes and more on conscious choice and self-direction.
which of the following statements is true of William James's contribution to psychology?
he argued that the stream of consciousness was fluid and continuous.
derris is a research assistant in dr. smith's psychology lab. when the participant asked him what the conditions of the study were, derris replied, "i do not know.' this is an example of a _______ study.
blind
what similarity did wilhelm wundt share with aristotle?
both saw the mind as a natural event that could be studied scientifically, like light and heat.
you have always wanted to know how your friend performs so well on her college exams. to find out how she studies, you decide to study with her for your next exam. this approach is most similar to:
case studies
psychologists with a(n) _______ perspective primarily venture into the realm of mental processes such as sensation and perception, memory, intelligence, language, thought, and problem solving to understand human nature.
cognitive
__________ primarily study how we perceive and mentally represent the world, how we learn, remember the past, plan, problem solve, and use language.
cognitive psychologists
an association among variables is known as __________.
correlation
identify the neoanalyst among the following.
erik erikson
according to structuralists, maladaptive behavior patterns tend to drop out, and only the fittest behavior patterns survive.
false
john b. watson developed the social-cognitive perspective, arguing for the influence of social factors over cognition.
false
caroline is a psychologist who studies how stress induces ailments such as heart problems and headaches. some of her clients are smokers, and she is helping them quit smoking. she also suggests lifestyle changes to her clients to help them reduce and cope with stress. caroline can best be described as a(n) _______.
health psychologist
__________ stresses people's capacities for self-fulfillment and the central roles of consciousness, self-awareness, and decision making.
humanism
the _____ perspective is grounded in the work of carl rogers and abraham maslow.
humanistic-existential
which of the following statements is true of psychoanalysis?
it aims to help patients find socially acceptable ways of expressing wishes and gratifying needs.
which of the following people helped conduct pioneering research that added to the supreme court decision in 1954 (brown versus board of education) to end inequalities in public schools?
kenneth clark and mamie clark
__________ allows psychologists and other scientists to observe behavior where it happens, or "in the field."
naturalistic observation
while industrial psychologists focus on the relationships between people and work, __________ study the behavior of people in workplaces such as businesses.
organizational psychologists
the phrase, "you cannot see the forest for the trees" most exemplifies which psychological perspective?
gestalt psychologists
__________ is the school of psychology that argues that the mind consists of three basic elements—sensations, feelings, and images—that combine to form experience.
structuralism
_____ propose reasons for relationships among events and allow us to derive explanations and predictions.
theories
which of the following is a goal of psychology?
to explain behavior and mental processes.
