Quiz Questions

T/F: Socrates charged people money to listen to his teachings

False

T/F: Thales, the individual who is traditionally identified as the first of the Greek philosophers, claimed that air is the fundamental substance out of which all other entities are composed.

False

According to the testimony of Alcibiades, _______________________________.

Socrates once stood outside all day and all night thinking.

According to Aristotle, all substances are composed of two elements: __________ and _________

Form and Matter

What is the "state of nature"?

A situation in which humans are not subject to any laws or government authority

According to Epicurus,the supposed of evil of _______________ is nothing to us.

death

Socrates believes that no one knowingly _______________.

does wrong

T/F: A complete account of all the facts about a given act should yield a judgment as to whether it is good or bad, according to Hume.

false

T/F: After being found guilty at his trial, Socrates was sentenced to exile on the island of Lesbos.

false

T/F: After rejecting Plato's theory of the forms, Aristotle concluded that genuine knowledge of the world cannot be attained. He thus became a skeptic.

false

T/F: Augustine claims that God exists in time, rather than outside of time.

false

T/F: Before he became a Christian, Augustine was an adherent of the Jewish religion.

false

T/F: Descartes believes that we can have knowledge of things that we aren't certain about.

false

T/F: Plato thinks democracy is the best form of government.

false

T/F: Socrates argues, in the Crito, that it is morally permissible for him to break the laws of Athens when they are unjust.

false

T/F: Socrates claims, in the Crito, that it is very important to ensure that the opinion of the majority is in your favor.

false

T/F: The one thing that is good without qualification, according to Kant, is freedom.

false

T/F: What we know a priori is dependent upon sense experience.

false

Which of Aristotle's four causes explains what an entity is for (i.e. its purpose)?

final clause

Sin, according to Augustine, is ____________________________________.

having disordered desires and loves

Categories, according to Aristotle, are __________________________________.

indicators of the different ways things can be

For a Stoic, the intention with which an action is done is more important than the result of that action because:

intentions are in our power, but results are not

In Mediation VI, defends the position the mind (or soul) and body are distinct substances that nevertheless stand in a two-way causal relation. This position is called _____________________.

interactionism

Socrates claims that the really important thing is not to live, but to __________________.

live well

The Great Chain of Being:

locates all humans on the same level

To live a life in accordance with Dào what must one resist?

material accumulation

What was the main topic of early Chinese philosophy?

mortality

Socrates encounters Euthyphro at the courthouse, where Euthyphro intends to prosecute his father for the crime of ___________________.

murder

When an enlightened person achieves the first stage of nirvāṇa, that person ____________________________.

no longer experiences strong desires or aversions

Hobbes says that it is a law of nature to "seek peace" because __________________________.

that is the best way to satisfy our individual desires

In Meditation Two, Descartes claims that there is one thing he he truly cannot doubt; namely, _______________.

the he exists

Our idea of substance, Locke says, is:

the idea of an unknown substratum that has the qualities we experience.

In the Myth of the Cave, __________________________

the prisoners represent all of us before we begin to search for wisdom

In whom does the Zhuangzi find ideal expressions of human activity?

the wheelmaker and the butcher whose actions seem effortless

We do not need to fear the gods, Epicurus says, because ___________________________.

they are uninterested in us

What happens to someone who puts on the Ring of Gyges?

they become invisible

With respect to primary qualities, Berkeley holds that:

they, like secondary qualities, have their being only in the mind.

Hesiod claimed to write his poems

through divine inspiration

T/F: Aristotle believes that the very best human life is one that is devoted to nous, i.e. contemplation.

true

T/F: Hume thinks that "causation" is nothing more than "constant conjunction."

true

T/F: In Meditation Three, Descartes argues that we can trust our clear and distinct ideas because God wouldn't allow us to be systematically deceived about our basic principles.

true

T/F: Kant's central epistemological thesis is that the objects of experience conform to our knowledge, rather than vice versa.

true

T/F: Socrates argues, before the jury in the Apology, that, in view of his conviction, he ought to be sentenced to receive free meals in the Prytaneum.

true

T/F: Socrates claims, in the Apology, that if his fellow citizens convict and sentence him unjustly, they will harm themselves more than than they will harm him.

true

T/F: Stoic equanimity is a state of being undisturbed, no matter what happens.

true

T/F: The world, Berkeley believes, owes its existence to being perceived by God.

true

The One of Parmenides is:

unchanging, all alike, and eternal

The Buddha thought that we have attachments to things because, fundamentally, __________________________.

we have a false understanding of reality

The main thing Socrates wants Euthyphro to teach him is _____________________________.

what makes something pious

According to Descartes' representational theory of perception ____________________________.

what we know best are the ideas in our minds

Locke uses the term "idea" to refer to ____________________.

whatever is the object of he understanding we think

In the Phaedo, Socrates claims that the body desires pleasures of the flesh while the soul desires ____________

wisdom

T/F: According to Plato, the Forms are entities that exist outside of space and time.

True

T/F: Hedonism is compatible with denying oneself many pleasures

True

T/F: Pythagoras was the first of the early Greek thinkers to identify himself as a "lover of wisdom," i.e., a philosopher

True

T/F: The Sophists were often charged with "making the weaker argument appear to be the stronger one."

True

A Stoic:

believes that our happiness or unhappiness is entirely within our own control

Hume claims that the self is _______________________.

a bundle of perceptions

Where does the conversation between Crito and Socrates take place?

a jail

With regard to skepticism, Hume thinks that:

a miigated skepticism is a useful hedge against dogmatism and superstition

Dialectic is:

a technique for helping others by raising objections to what they believe.

Kant claims that the illusions of speculative metaphysics __________________________.

arise because of the very nature of reason itself

In the Phaedo, Socrates spends his last hours _____________________________ before finally drinking the poison that will kill him.

conversing with his friends about the immortality of the soul

Epicurus believes we should restrict our desires to those that are _________________________.

-necessary for ease -necessary for happiness -necessary for life

Aristotle's most famous student was _________

Alexander the Great

Which school of classical Greek philosophy had a deep and lasting influence on Augustine's philosophical outlook?

Neo-Platonism

What does Plato identify as the highest level of reality?

The Form of the Good

In the Apology, it is reported that ___________________ claimed that no man was wiser than Socrates

The Oracle at Delphi

Aristotle defines happiness (eudaemonia) as:

activity of the soul in accord with reason

Zeno argues that

an arrow cannot move at all, even though it seems to us that it does

"Every mother has a child" is an example of what Kant calls a(n) ____________________ judgment

analytic a priori

Moral principles, Hume says, _____________________.

are founded on sentiment or feeling

In the Apology, Socrates is charged with the crimes of _______________ and _________________.

corrupting the youth; cereating new gods/failing to worship the gods of Athens

Kant claims that the philosopher ________________ "interrupted his dogmatic slumber" and led him to approach metaphysics in a new way.

david hume

The early Greeks, following Homer, understood justice to be

everyone getting his due

Descartes' holds that the essence of material things is:

extendedness

The one thing that Socrates most confidently claims to know is that __________________.

he is ignorant

According to _________ all things are in flux, like a river

heraclitus

What novel insight did Mencius bring to Confucius' thought?

human nature is essentially and innately good

According to Descartes, innate ideas are:

ideas I would have even if nothing but I existed

According to Hume, perceptions can be divided into two classes: ____________ and _____________.

impressions and ideas

Augustine, in a sermon, advises that "___________________________________."

in order to understand, we must first believe

Kant uses the term ________________ to refer to "things-in-themselves."

noumena

Which statement most accurately describes the central message of the Analects?

one must cultivate themselves according to ritual

The central moral principle that Socrates puts forward in the Crito is:

one must never do wrong

According to Augustine, Evil is the ___________________ of Good.

privation

Identify the Sophist who claimed that "man is the measure of all things."

protagoras

Knowing something, according to Plato, ______________

puts you in touch with reality

According to Plato, there are three parts of the soul: desire, spirit, and ___________.

reason

The idea of God, Kant says, is an idea that ______________________________.

reason necessarily posits

Locke claims that all of our ideas come from experience, which he divides into two basic kinds; namely ______________ and _______________.

reflection and sensation