QUIZ TWO (CH.3-5)

A barista at Jose's local coffee shop always greets him by name and usually notices his mood. Once when he was upset about something at school, he confided in her. She now asks how school is going and seems to care about his answer. How would we characterize her relationship with Jose?

She is a "consequential stranger" and bridges the gap between primary and secondary groups.

Which of the following is true of socialization?

The process is reciprocal: society shapes the individual and the individual shapes society.

The famous feminist and social theorist Judith Butler has criticized westerners who want to "free" Muslim women from wearing a veil or burqa. Butler believes that liberation from the veil is not the liberation many Americans might assume it is. Butler's critique exemplifies what term or concept?

cultural relativism

The ability to understand another culture in terms of that culture's own norms and values, without reference to any other cultural standards is called:

cultural relativism.

How do sociologists define the self?

the experience of a real identity, distinct from other people

Kenneth Gergen coined the term "the saturated self" to describe:

the type of self produced through exposure to more and more points of view and sources of information.

What is the definition of "culture"?

Culture includes the habits and lifestyle choices of a group of people. Culture includes customs and rituals, as well as tools and artifacts. Culture shapes and defines who we are. Culture encompasses every aspect of social life.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about in-groups?

In-group membership is often temporary.

Why is it hard to recognize that the values and beliefs of one's own culture are learned rather than innate?

We learn values and beliefs slowly and incrementally.

People who associate with each other on a regular basis for no other reason than to spend time together are usually members of:

a primary group.

Which of the following is a way to partially suspend one's own ethnocentrism, at least temporarily?

adopting cultural relativism

All left-handed people in the United States would be classified as a(n):

category.

Increasingly, even very significant events in our lives take place online. It is now common to hear stories of couples breaking up through an instant message or even a text message. Compared to similar interactions in the past, what is missing from these interactions?

copresence

The nature vs. nurture debate helps us understand:

the complex interaction between hereditary traits and social learning.

The article "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema" is useful to sociologists because:

it challenges people's inability to observe their own cultures.

Many sociologists have worried that the modern economy demands both geographic and occupational mobility, which in turn means that industrial and bureaucratic organizations have become the norm. What sort of groups might become less common if people have to move many times in their lives for work?

primary groups

What type of group provides most of our emotional satisfaction?

primary groups

If an individual belongs to a group whose members are mostly anonymous to one another, then that group is almost certainly a:

secondary group.

Parents often buy their children gender-specific toys. Boys get action figures that encourage active and aggressive play, while girls get dolls and toy ovens that encourage domesticity. This is part of what process?

socialization

Victor of Aveyron was a feral child who wandered out of the woods in 1800 when he was approximately 12. Victor was incapable of talking and never fully adjusted to life with other humans. This case shows the importance of:

socialization.