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An activities normal time and cost are 5 and $40, respectively, its estimated crash time and cost are 4 and $70, respectively. This activity's crash cost per time unit is ____.

$30

An activity's normal time and cost are 5 and $40, respectively. Its estimated crash time and cost are 4 and $70, respectively. This activity's crash cost per time unit is ________.

$30

An activity's normal time and cost are 8 and $100, respectively. Its estimated crash time and cost are 6 and $160, respectively. What is this activity's crash cost per time unit?

$30

An activity's normal time and cost are 8 and $100, respectively. Its estimated crash time and cost are 6 and $160, respectively. What is this activity's crash cost per time unit?

$30 Crash cost per time unit equals the cost slope. Cost slope equals rise/run; therefore (crash cost - normal cost)/(normal time - crash time) or ($160 - $100)/(8 - 6) = $30.

Which of the following correctly calculates an activity's cost slope?

(crash cost-normal cost)/(normal time-crash time)

Creating a Project Cost-Duration graph is useful:

-During the pre-project planning phase -After the project has begun

The traits of successful project managers include all of the following EXCEPT

. pessimist

Which of the following methods will measure the scheduling efficiency of the work accomplished to date? SV/CV AC/SV EV/AC EV/PV AC/CV

. EV/PV

Some organizations have project closure checklists of over _____ wrap-up tasks

100

Sally receives the following information on her project: PV = 100, AC = 75, EV = 100. How well is the project doing in terms of budget? 25 under budget 25 over budget 50 over budget Right on budget 50 under budget

25 under budget

The ________ feedback approach gathers anonymous feedback solicited from others is compared with the individual's self-evaluations, the individual may form a more realistic picture of her strengths and weaknesses.

360

1. The president of a software company remarks in a speech that new technologically advanced software will be available in one year. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by: A. Imposed project deadlines B. Time to market C. Unforeseen project delays D. High overhead E. Incentive contracts

10. A tool used to monitor past project schedule performance, current performance, and to estimate future schedule trends is a simple line chart known as a: A. Project schedule control chart B. Gantt chart C. PERT chart D. Network diagram E. Milestone chart

10. The most common response for meeting unattainable deadlines is to A. Reduce or scale back the scope of the project. B. Decrease the critical paths C. Crash all elements of the project D. Change the time to market statement E. B, and C are correct

12. An activity's crash costs include ____ costs. A. Direct B. Indirect C. Overhead D. Both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are correct

12. Regina's boss has told her that her project is very important. If the critical path is delayed, she will be given whatever she needs to get it back on schedule. Her project is ________ constrained. A. Time B. Quality C. Cost D. Performance E. Resource

13. The cost variance for a project is calculated by: A. EV-AC B. AC-SV C. PV-EV D. CU-EV E. EU-PV

14. All resource leveling techniques involve A. Delaying noncritical activities B. Delaying critical activities C. Using negative slack D. Both A and C are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

14. The less steep the cost slope of an activity, the A. Less it costs to shorten one time period B. More it costs to shorten one time period C. Smaller the crash time D. Larger the crash time E. Cannot be determined by the information given

16. The most widely used approach to apply heuristics, which have been found to consistently minimize project delay over a large variety of projects is the A. Parallel method B. Resource method C. Materials D. Both A and C are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

19. In a resource-constrained project, which of the following is most likely to be changed? A. The completion date B. The budget C. Project quality D. Both A and B are equally likely E. A, B, and C are all equally likely

2. If resources are not adequate to meet peak demands, the resulting reschedule is termed A. Resource-constrained scheduling B. Time-constrained scheduling C. Mandatory leveling D. Project resource adjustment E. Allocation

23. The relationship between cost and time for various durations is assumed to be: A. Linear B. Curvilinear C. Variable D. Conversely related E. Exponentially related

25. A positive situation where moving toward the optimum time can result in very real, large savings—this occurs when the network is: A. Insensitive B. Sensitive C. Ahead of schedule D. Shifting to the critical chain E. Implementing a fast-tracking system

26. The percent complete index that looks at percent complete in terms of budgeted amounts is calculated by which of the following? A. EV/BAC B. (EV-PV)/BAC C. AC/EAC D. (EV-AC)/BAC E. (EV-PV)/EAC

26. When a company will reduce the number of projects they have to manage internally to only core projects and send noncritical projects to contractors and consulting firms this is called A. Outsourcing B. Redistribution of projects C. Project allocation D. Task sharing E. Both B and D are correct

30. Which of the following is not true regarding scope creep? A. It is common late in projects B. It is frequently unnoticed until time delays or cost overruns are observed C. It wears down team motivation and cohesiveness D. Project suppliers resent frequent changes E. All of these are true

30. Which of the following is the most common method for shortening project time? A. Assigning additional staff and equipment B. Subcontract work C. Schedule overtime D. Reduce project scope E. Reduce the quality

4. The first step in the project control process of the measurement and evaluation of project performance is to A. Set a baseline plan B. Determine the project objectives C. Determine the project deliverables D. Analyze the project budget E. Review the project priority matrix

57. Too many parallel activities for one individual are an example of a resource constraint. A. True B. False

58. A project that is not resource-constrained is time-constrained. A. True B. False

60. Resource Bottlenecks are one of the three more common problems encountered in managing multiproject resource schedules. A. True B. False

61. The inability to get more than two earth movers on a construction site at the same time is an example of a physical constraint. A. True B. False

63. Having too few programmers and too many engineers is an example of a people resource constraint. A. True B. False

66. All projects are usually either time-constrained or resource-constrained. A. True B. False

67. To determine if a project is time-constrained or resource-constrained you would consult the project priority matrix. A. True B. False

68. Scheduling time-constrained projects focuses on the optimal utilization of resources. A. True B. False

69. All leveling techniques delay noncritical activities by using positive slack to smooth out the resource requirements. A. True B. False

7. Susan is to conduct environmental testing but the chamber cannot hold all the equipment that she wants to test. This is an example of a _________ constraint. A. Physical B. Technical C. Resource D. Scheduling E. Time

7. The last step in the project control process of the measurement and evaluation of project performance is to: A. Take appropriate action B. Prepare a report to top management C. Follow up on corrective action D. Measure progress and performance E. Review spending with team members

71. Scheduling resource-constrained projects focuses on completing the project as soon as possible under the given constraints. A. True B. False

74. The critical path in a resource-constrained schedule can be a group of disjointed, unconnected activities. A. True B. False

75. Splitting is a scheduling technique used to get a better schedule or better resource utilization. A. True B. False

76. Without a time-phased budget good project schedule and cost control are impossible. A. True B. False

77. Many companies are using outsourcing as a means for dealing with their resource allocation problems associated with managing multiproject resources. A. True B. False

8. Low-cost, realistic, efficient methods for completing an activity under normal conditions are supported by ____ time. A. Normal B. Budget C. Optimized D. Expected E. Target

A positive situation where moving toward the optimum time can result in very real, large savings—this occurs when the network is: A) Insensitive B) Sensitive C) Ahead of schedule D) Shifting to the critical chain E) Implementing a fast-tracking system

A tool used to monitor past project schedule performance and current performance, and to estimate future schedule trends is a simple line chart known as a A. Project control chart. B. Gantt chart. C. PERT chart. D. Network diagram. E. Milestone chart.

If resources are not adequate to meet peak demands, the resulting reschedule is termed A) Resource-constrained scheduling B) Time-constrained scheduling C) Mandatory leveling D) Project resource adjustment E) Allocation

In a resource-constrained project the second priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the A) Smallest duration B) Least slack C) Most slack D) Lowest identification number E) Highest cost

In a resource-constrained project, which of the following is most likely to be changed? A) The completion date B) The budget C) Project quality D) Both A and B are equally likely E) A, B, and C are all equally likely

In mapping dependencies for a project, the project manager should: A) Overestimate B) Underestimate C) Precisely estimate D) Either B or C are correct E) None of these are correct

In organizations where projects are managed within a ____________, the team member's area manager, not the project manager, is responsible for assessing performance. A) Functional organization B) Matrix organization C) Flat organization D) Both A and C are correct E) A, B, and C are all correct

In the Research Highlight, Ancona and Caldwell identified key patterns of activity which contribute to creating a high performance team. Which of the following is not one of those? A) Negotiator B) Ambassador C) Task coordinator D) Scouts E) Guard

Jessica just received the following information on her project: PV = 200, EV = 300, AC = 250, BAC = 1500, EAC = 1208. In terms of cost at completion. A. The project will currently finish under budget. B. The project will currently finish over budget. C. The project will currently finish on budget. D. The project will currently finish behind schedule. E. There is insufficient information to draw conclusions.

Jim receives the following information on his project: PV = 1000, EV = 1200, AC = 800, BAC = 2000, EAC = 1333. How is the project doing in terms of schedule? A. More work has been done than planned B. Less work has been done than planned C. The same amount of work has been done than planned D. The project has cost less than planned E. There is not enough information to draw a conclusion

Low-cost, realistic, efficient methods for completing an activity under normal conditions are supported by ____ time A) Normal B) Budget C) Optimized D) Expected E) Target

Project mission and objectives, procedures and systems used, and organization resources used typically appear in the _____ section of the final project report. A) Analysis B) Recommendations C) Classification of project D) Lessons learned E) Strategic objectives

Regina's boss has told her that her project is very important. If the critical path is delayed, she will be given whatever she needs to get it back on schedule. Her project is ________ constrained. A) Time B) Quality C) Cost D) Performance E) Resource

Releasing the project team typically occurs _________ during the closure phase. A. Gradually B. Rarely C. Without bombast D. Rapidly E. All at once

Susan is to conduct environmental testing but the chamber cannot hold all the equipment that she wants to test. This is an example of a _________ constraint. A) Physical B) Technical C) Resource D) Scheduling E) Time

The cost variance for a project is calculated by A. EV - AC. B. AC - SV. C. PV - EV. D. CV - EV. E. EV - PV.

The earned value system starts with the time-phased costs that provide the project baseline, which is called the A. Planned budgeted value of work scheduled. B. Planned budgeted value of work completed. C. Earned value of work scheduled. D. Scheduled value of work scheduled. E. Scheduled value of work completed.

The final step in the project control process for measuring and evaluating project performance is to A. Take appropriate action. B. Prepare a report to top management. C. Follow up on corrective action. D. Measure progress and performance. E. Review spending with team members.

The first step in the project control process for measuring and evaluating project performance is to A. Set a baseline plan. B. Determine the project objectives. C. Determine the project deliverables. D. Analyze the project budget. E. Review the project priority matrix.

The most common circumstance for project closure is simply a ________ project. A. Completed B. Overdue C. Overbudget D. Under achieving E. All the above are correct

The president of a software company remarks in a speech that new technologically advanced software will be available in one year. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by: A) Imposed project deadlines B) Time to market C) Unforeseen project delays D) High overhead E) Incentive contracts

The typical mechanism for evaluation of teams is normally: A. A survey completed by the team members B. A personal interview of each team member C. An analysis by an outside consultant D. A survey completed by members of top management E. A survey completed by the internal or external customers

Which of the following is NOT true regarding scope creep? A. It commonly occurs late in projects B. It is frequently unnoticed until time delays or cost overruns are observed C. It wears down team motivation and cohesiveness D. Project suppliers resent frequent changes E. Scope changes can represent significant opportunity

Which of the following is not one of the tips for alleviating communication problems of virtual teams? A) Include face-to-face time if at all possible B) Keep team members informed on how well the overall project is going C) Share the pain D) Establish clear norms and protocols for surfacing assumptions and conflicts E) Establish a code of conduct to avoid delays

Which of the following is the most common method for shortening project time? A) Assigning additional staff and equipment B) Subcontract work C) Schedule overtime D) Reduce project scope E) Reduce the quality

__________ of lessons learned are designed to improve performance on current and future projects. A. Retrospectives B. Corrective action plans C. Introspective D. Culmination E. Evolution

____________ begins with a review of the strategic intent of the project, selection criteria, project charter, project objectives, project scope, and acceptance criteria. A) Process Review B) Project Overview C) Analysis D) Recommendations E) Directing

21. In a resource-constrained project the second priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the A. Smallest duration B. Least slack C. Most slack D. Lowest identification number E. Highest cost

A (Rule 2)

Incentive Contracts

A contractor finished a bridge across a lake 18 months early and received more than $6 million for the early completion. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by

Resource leveling or smoothing can have all the following results on a project EXCEPT Lower peak resource demand. Reduced resource need over the life of the project. Reduced fluctuations in resource demand. A longer project duration. A more sensitive network.

A longer project duration.

Sensitive

A project that has several near-critical or critical paths is said to be

linear

A reasonable, quick comparison between options for compressing activity times is based upon a _______________ assumption.

Which of the following correctly calculates an activity's cost slope?

A. (normal cost - crash cost)/(normal time - crash time) B. (crash cost - normal cost)/(normal time - crash time) (Answer) C. (normal time - crash time)/(crash cost - normal cost) D. (normal time - crash time)/(normal cost - crash cost) E. (crash cost - normal cost)/(crash time - normal time)

When it is necessary to reduce project duration and resources are constrained, which of the following is NOT a reasonable option?

A. Establishing a core project team (Answer) B. Fast-tracking C. Reduce project scope D. Compromise quality E. Critical-chain project management

All of the following are benefits of scheduling resources before project implementation EXCEPT

A. It allows time for considering reasonable options if resource constraints do exist. B. The project completion date can be established. C. Work packages can be time-phased. D. It allows managers to share resources with other project managers if it is requested without negatively impacting their project. E. It ensures low network sensitivity. (Answer)

Resource leveling or smoothing can have all the following results on a project EXCEPT

A. Lower peak resource demand. B. Reduced resource need over the life of the project. C. Reduced fluctuations in resource demand. D. A longer project duration. (Answer) E. A more sensitive network.

All of the following are types of resource constraints EXCEPT

A. Materials. B. People. C. Equipment. D. Information. (Answer) E. Human.

Splitting an activity can result in all of the following EXCEPT

A. More people working on the same activity (Answer) B. Possible startup and shutdown costs. C. A resource being moved from one activity to another and then back. D. Activity work being placed on hold for a period until more resources are available. E. A better project schedule.

Which of the following is NOT one of the more common problems associated with scheduling multiproject resources?

A. Overall schedule slippage B. Inefficient resource utilization C. Decline in project quality (Answer) D. Resource bottlenecks E. Delays in one project causing delays in other projects

When considering the sequence and timing of activities, which of the following is NOT one of the types of project network constraints?

A. Physical B. Technical C. Resource D. Time (Answer) E. All the above

Which of the following is NOT one of the more commonly used options for cutting project costs?

A. Reduce project scope B. Have owner take more responsibility C. Move the completion date further out (Answer) D. Brainstorm cost savings options E. Outsource project activities

Technical constraints have been carefully considered when developing a project network. Which of the following is true at this point?

A. Resources have been assigned to each activity so they are adequate to complete the project on time. B. Technical dependencies between activities are known. (Answer) C. The project completion date can be established. D. The project is ready to be implemented. E. All of these are true statements once technical constraints have been established.

These are all guidelines a project manager should consider when EXCEPT

A. Select people with compatible work habits and personalities. B. Always assign the best people to the most difficult tasks (Answer) C. When possible, team veterans up with new hires. D. Select individuals with skill sets that complement each other. E. Have people work together early so that they can become familiar with each other.

Which of the following is NOT considered a project indirect cost?

A. Supervision B. Consultants C. Equipment (Answer) D. Interest E. The project manager's salary

A. The activity with the smallest duration B. The activity with the least slack (Answer) C. The activity with the most slack D. The activity with the lowest identification number E. The activity with the highest cost

When determining which activity to crash, there are other factors that should be assessed beyond cost. Which of the following is NOT one of these factors?

A. The inherent risk associated with the activity B. How crashing will impact the morale and motivation of the individuals working on that activity C. Resource availability after crashing that activity D. The level of difficulty involved in completing the activity (Answer) E. When during the project the activity will occur

A project budget report is showing our project as spending $35,000 against a budgeted amount of $40,000. Which of the following is true?

A. We are spending less than we should for the project. B. We are doing a good job managing the project. C. We should check to see if all the bills have been paid. D. We have more money to put into budget reserves. E. We can't be sure how the project is going (Answer)

When deciding which staff to team-up to work on work packages, factors to consider are:

A. Work habits. B. Practical Experience. C. Years of working in the company. D. All of these choices are correct. (Answer)

An insensitive project network has the benefit of

ANSWER IS D A- Not increasing risk as activities are initially crashed. B- Having potential for real cost savings. C- Having potential for significant time savings. D- All of these choices are correct.

Make the project slip further

According to Brooks' Law, adding more people to a late project is most likely to have which of the following impacts?

Brooks'

According to ________ law, adding more manpower to a late software project makes it later.

During which stage of team development is high performance not a top priority and attention is devoted to wrapping up the project?

Adjourning

A project monitoring system involves all of the following EXCEPT Determining what data to collect. Determining how, when, and who will collect the data. Adjusting the data. Analysis of the data. Reporting current progress.

Adjusting the data.

Unforeseen project delays.

Adverse weather, design flaws, and equipment breakdown can create negative slack. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by

An insensitive project network has the benefit of: -Having potential for significant time savings -Having potential for real cost savings -Not increasing risk as activities are initially crashed -All of the choices are correct

All of the choices are correct

Overtime is associated with additional costs of coordination and communication.

All of the following are disadvantages of scheduling overtime EXCEPT

All of the following have been found to be good for running effective project meetings EXCEPT

Allow a time period for socializing to support the development of a team identity.

These are all guidelines a project manager should consider when assigning project work EXCEPT

Always assign the best people to the most difficult tasks.

These are all guidelines a project manager should consider when assigning project work EXCEPT Select people with compatible work habits and personalities. Always assign the best people to the most difficult tasks. When possible, team veterans up with new hires. Select individuals with skillsets that complement each other. Have people work together early so that they can become familiar with each other.

Always assign the best people to the most difficult tasks.

slope

An activity's ________ is calculated by dividing the rise by the run.

Direct

An activity's crash cost includes ________ costs.

$30

An activity's normal time and cost are 5 and $40, respectively. Its estimated crash time and cost are 4 and $70, respectively. This activity's crash cost per time unit is ________.

$30

An activity's normal time and cost are 8 and $100, respectively. Its estimated crash time and cost are 6 and $160, respectively. What is this activity's crash cost per time unit?

All of these choices are correct.

An insensitive project network has the benefit of

When project managers impose a solution to dysfunctional conflict after listening to each party, they are __________ the conflict.

Arbitrating

Increase

As a project is crashed and project duration is reduced, direct costs typically

Decrease

As a project is crashed and project duration is reduced, indirect costs typically

reduced

As a project's duration is reduced, indirect costs are ___________.

Which of the following is the most common method for shortening project time?

Assigning additional staff and equipment

13. Cost slope can be determined by dividing the A. Run by the rise B. Rise by the run C. Crash cost by the normal cost D. Normal cost by the crash cost E. Both B and C are correct Cost slope = Rise/Run

15. Baseline project budgets are derived from: A. The organization's overall budget B. Time-phasing the work packages C. Top management directions D. Both A and C are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

15. Which of the following correctly calculates an activity's cost slope? A. (normal cost-crash cost)/(normal time-crash time) B. (crash cost-normal cost)/(normal time-crash time) C. (normal time-crash time)/(crash cost-normal cost) D. (normal time-crash time)/(normal cost-crash cost) E. (crash cost-normal cost)/(crash time-normal time)

16. An activity's cost slope represents an activity's A. Total cost per unit of time B. Cost per unit of time C. Indirect cost per unit of time D. Both B and C are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

2. Intense global competition and rapid technological advances create pressure on developing projects rapidly. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by: A. Imposed project deadlines B. Time to market C. Unforeseen project delays D. High overhead E. Incentive contracts

22. The project direct-cost line near the normal point is usually: A. Sloped steeply B. Relatively flat C. Rising D. Falling E. Gently sloped

22. Which of the following methods will measure the scheduling efficiency of the work accomplished to date? A. SV/CV B. EV/PV C. EV/AC D. AC/SV E. AC/CV

25. Small refinements that eventually build to be major changes are known as: A. Project erosion B. Scope creep C. Specification adjustments D. Specification refinements E. Continuous improvements

28. Which of the following will calculate the estimated cost to complete the project? A. (VAC-EV)/(PV/AC) B. (BAC-EV)/(EV/AC) C. (PV/AC)/(VAC-EV) D. (EV/AC)/(BAC-EV) E. (BAC-EV)/(BAC-AC)

29. In the Botanical Garden example, which of the following was used to solve the resource problem? A. Resource allocation B. Smoothing resource demand C. The parallel method D. Both A and C are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

30. Project budgets are developed by time-phasing which of the following? A. Resource schedules B. Work packages C. The network diagram D. Both A and C are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

35. The Snapshot from Practice "Cell-Phone Wars" is an excellent example of reducing project duration due to: A. Imposed project deadlines B. Time to market C. Unforeseen project delays D. High overhead E. Incentive contracts

4. When developing a new software package, the software must be designed, the code must be written, and the code must be tested. This is an example of a ______ constraint. A. Physical B. Technical C. Resource D. Schedule E. Time

56. The sequence of (1) pour foundation, (2) build frame, and (3) cover roof is a type of physical constraint. A. True B. False

59. Resource leveling is only used on projects which are resource-constrained. A. True B. False

62. The most obvious and important kind of resource constraint is a lack of materials. A. True B. False

64. If a project needs one earth-mover six months from now and the organization has four such machines, there is no equipment resource constraint. A. True B. False

65. A lack of readily available engineers is a technical constraint. A. True B. False

70. Scheduling time-constrained projects focuses on resource utilization. A. True B. False

72. Heuristics are used in resource-constrained projects to develop the optimal schedule. A. True B. False

73. The top priority in using heuristics to allocate scare resources is those activities with the smallest duration. A. True B. False

9. A typical tool used to communicate project status is a: A. Project network diagram B. Gantt Chart C. A PERT chart D. Both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

Baseline project budgets are derived from A. The organization's overall budget. B. Time-phasing the work packages. C. Top management directions. D. The total direct, direct project overhead and G&A overhead costs. E. The earned value system.

Corrective actions that should take place (such as shifting to more resilient building material) would typically appear in the _____ section of the final project report. A) Analysis B) Recommendations C) Classification of project D) Lessons learned E) Strategic objectives

Cost slope can be determined by dividing the A) Run by the rise B) Rise by the run C) Crash cost by the normal cost D) Normal cost by the crash cost E) Both B and C are correct

Groups such as human resources, information systems, purchasing agents, and maintenance are typically classified as: A) Project managers B) Administrative support C) Functional managers D) Project sponsors E) Customers

In the Snapshot from Practice "Managing Expectations", one of the key aspects to project success was stated to be the managing of stakeholder: A) Relations B) Expectations C) Involvement D) Influence E) Input

Roger is new-product project manager for a retail company. Recently the team has exhibited a high degree of conflict over who will control the group and how decisions will be made. Which stage of development is the team in? A) Norming B) Storming C) Performing D) Adjourning E) Forming

Sally receives the following information on her project: PV = 100, AC = 75, EV = 100. How well is the project doing in terms of budget? A. Right on budget B. 25 under budget C. 25 over budget D. 50 under budget E. 50 over budget

The Snapshot from Practice "Cell-Phone Wars" is an excellent example of reducing project duration due to A) Imposed project deadlines B) Time to market C) Unforeseen project delays D) High overhead E) Incentive contracts

The first step in facilitating group decision making is to: A) Call a meeting to discuss the problem B) Identify the problem C) Agree that there is a problem D) Quantify the problem E) Generate alternatives

The new perspective of project management emphasizes which of the following? A) Financial control B) Managing project stakeholders C) Schedule/cost tradeoffs D) Both A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are all correct

The second ring in the network of relationships for project managers includes all of the following except: A) Other project managers B) Customers C) Functional managers D) Top management E) Project sponsors

Under which heading of the Wrap-up closure checklist should the question "Have project accounts been finalized and all billing closed?" be answered. A) Team B) Vendors/contractors C) Customer/Users D) Equipment and facilities E) Profit and loss statement

Well-defined projects that encounter no significant surprises require little: A) Management B) Leadership C) Monitoring D) Corrective action E) All of these are only required to a minor extent

When developing a new software package, the software must be designed, the code must be written, and the code must be tested. This is an example of a ______ constraint. A) Physical B) Technical C) Resource D) Schedule E) Time

When the project may be completed early with some parts of the project eliminated this is considered to be ___________ closure. A. Normal B. Premature C. Perpetual D. Changed Priority E. Failed Project

Which of the following correctly calculates an activity's cost slope? A) (normal cost-crash cost)/(normal time-crash time) B) (crash cost-normal cost)/(normal time-crash time) C) (normal time-crash time)/(crash cost-normal cost) D) (normal time-crash time)/(normal cost-crash cost) E) (crash cost-normal cost)/(crash time-normal time)

Which of the following is not one of the steps in facilitating group decision making? A) Identifying the problem B) Analyzing the situation C) Generating alternatives D) Reaching a decision E) Follow-up

Which of the following methods will measure the scheduling efficiency of the work accomplished to date? A. SV/CV B. EV/PV C. EV/AC D. AC/SV E. AC/CV

20. In a resource-constrained project, the first priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the A. Smallest duration B. Least slack C. Most slack D. Lowest identification number E. Highest cost

B (Rule 1)

increase

Because direct costs are assumed to be developed from normal methods and in a normal amount of time, any reduction in activity time should ________ the cost of the activity.

Normal

Before crashing, direct costs for an activity represent normal costs, which typically mean low-cost, efficient methods for completing the activity in a(n) ________ amount of time.

According to ________ law, adding more manpower to a late software project makes it later.

Brooks's

54. Without a time-phased __________ good project schedule and cost control are impossible.

Budget

Of the following costs, which are NOT included in baseline? Budget reserves Contractors Equipment Labor Suppliers

Budget reserves

When not going through normal protocols of the parent organization becomes habit and results in rejection of policies and procedures, this is known as which of the following project pitfalls?

Bureaucratic bypass syndrome

1. A project monitoring system involves all of the following except: A. Determining what date to collect B. Determining how, when, and who will collect the data C. Adjusting the data D. Analysis of the data E. Reporting current progress

10. A special truck that George needs on his project has been scheduled on another project. This is a ______ constraint. A. Working capital B. People C. Equipment D. Information E. Materials

11. ____ costs are incurred when completing an activity in its realistically shortest time. A. Normal B. Reserve C. Crash D. Accelerated E. Expedited

17. In selecting the best activity to reduce you would first select the activity with the A. Earliest start time B. Steepest slope C. Least steep slope D. Longest duration E. Largest crash time

18. Jan is trying to reallocate resources in a time-constrained project to create smoother resource utilization with a low level of risk. She should move to activities with the A. Smallest duration B. Least slack C. Most slack D. Lowest identification number E. Highest cost

21. Which of the following methods will measure the cost efficiency of the work accomplished to date? A. SV/CV B. EV/PV C. EV/AC D. AC/SV E. AC/CV

25. More common problems associated with managing multiproject resources include all of the following except A. Inefficient resource utilization B. Delays in one project cause delays in other projects C. Reducing "downtime" created by lack of tasks to perform D. Resource bottlenecks E. All of these are common problems

27. One way of reducing project costs is identifying tasks that _________ can do themselves. A. Vendors B. Suppliers C. Customers D. Company employees E. Project teams

27. The percent complete index that looks at percent complete in terms of actual amounts is calculated by which of the following? A. EV/BAC B. (EV-PV)/BAC C. AC/EAC D. (EV-AC)/BAC E. (EV-PV)/EAC

28. The most common method for shortening project time is to A. Subcontract activities B. Compromise the quality C. Add additional staff and equipment D. Work overtime E. Reduce the project scope

29. Which of the following is not one of the more commonly used options for cutting project costs? A. Reduce project scope B. Have owner take more responsibility C. Moving the completion date further out D. Brainstorming cost savings options E. Outsourcing project activities

31. According to Brooks' Law, adding more people to a late project is most likely to have which of the following impact? A. Keep the project from slipping any further B. Get the project back on schedule C. Make the project slips further D. Both A and B are correct E. None of these relate to Brooks' Law

32. Which of the following is the easiest method for shortening project time? A. Assigning additional staff and equipment B. Subcontract work C. Schedule overtime D. Reduce project scope E. Reduce the quality

4. Adverse weather, design flaws, and equipment breakdown can create negative slack. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by: A. Imposed project deadlines B. Time to market C. Unforeseen project delays D. High overhead E. Incentive contracts

6. Sam the project engineer has been scheduled to run the product system test at the same time he is to build a marketing prototype. This is an example of a ______ constraint. A. Physical B. Technical C. Resource D. Scheduling E. Time

6. The third step in the project control process of the measurement and evaluation of project performance is to: A. Review the baseline plan with top management B. Analyze inputs to the control system C. Compare the plan against actual performance D. Measure both progress and performance E. Review spending with team members

6. Which of the following is not considered a project indirect cost? A. Supervision B. Consultants C. Equipment D. Interest E. All of these are considered project indirect costs

8. In monitoring project time (schedule) performance actual performance should be compared to: A. Budgets for the current year B. Top management's targets C. Project network schedule derived from the WBS/OBS D. Progress on similar past projects E. Previous status reports

9. The shortest possible time an activity can be completed realistically is called ___ time. A. Expedited B. Accelerated C. Crash D. Optimistic E. Optimal

A project manager notices that $1,000 worth of work that was scheduled to be completed at this time has not been accomplished. They know this by looking at the A. EV. B. TCPI. C. SV. D. PCIB. E. EAC.

A project monitoring system involves all of the following EXCEPT A. Determining what data to collect. B. Determining how, when, and who will collect the data. C. Adjusting the data. D. Analysis of the data. E. Reporting current progress.

A special truck that George needs on his project has been scheduled on another project. This is a ______ constraint. A) Working capital B) People C) Equipment D) Information E) Materials

Adverse weather, design flaws, and equipment breakdown can create negative slack. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by: A) Imposed project deadlines B) Time to market C) Unforeseen project delays D) High overhead E) Incentive contracts

In monitoring project time (schedule) performance, actual performance should be compared to A. Budgets for the current year. B. Top management's targets. C. Project network schedule derived from the WBS/OBS. D. Progress on similar past projects. E. Previous status reports.

In terms of commonly traded organizational currencies, vision, excellence, and ethical correctness are part of ______ related currencies. A) Task B) Position C) Inspiration D) Relationship E) Personal

In the Snapshot from Practice, New Balls Goes Flat in NBA, is an example of a project gone wrong when the _______ is/are not consulted. A) Manufacturer B) Equipment and facilities managers C) End-users D) Project manager E) The Fans

Information on the project type, size, number of staff, and technology level would be included in which section of the audit report? A) Analysis B) Recommendations C) Classification of project D) Lessons learned E) Strategic objectives

More and more companies are discarding the traditional superior-subordinate performance feedback process and replacing it with: A) Critical incidences review B) Management by objectives C) The 360-degree feedback D) Both B and C are correct E) A, B, and C are all correct

Sam the project engineer has been scheduled to run the product system test at the same time he is to build a marketing prototype. This is an example of a ______ constraint. A) Physical B) Technical C) Resource D) Scheduling E) Time

The most common circumstance for project closure is: A) Premature completion with some features eliminated B) Project completion meeting costs, schedule, and quality C) Project completion after modification of costs, schedule, or quality D) Project termination due to technical difficulties E) Perpetual projects that seem to go on and on before completion

The project closure process includes all of the following except: A. Shutting down resources and releasing to new uses B. Reassigning project team members C. Conduct an audit D. Getting delivery acceptance from the customer E. Closing accounts and seeing all bills are paid

The shortest possible time an activity can be completed realistically is called ___ time. A) Expedited B) Accelerated C) Crash D) Optimistic E) Optimal

The third step in the project control process for measuring and evaluating project performance is to A. Review the baseline plan with top management. B. Analyze inputs to the control system. C. Compare the plan against actual performance. D. Measure both progress and performance. E. Review spending with team members.

The value that tells you the planned value of work that has actually been completed is the A. SV. B. PV. C. EV. D. AC. E. CV.

This type of closure occurs when the project may never seem to end. This is considered to be ___________ closure. A. Normal B. Premature C. Perpetual D. Changed Priority E. Failed Project

Unlike project leadership, project management is about coping with A) Change B) Aligning people to any new directions C) Monitoring results against plans D) Recognizing the need to alter plans E) All of these are part of project management

Which of the following is not considered a project indirect cost? A) Supervision B) Consultants C) Equipment D) Interest E) All of these are considered project indirect costs

Which of the following is the easiest method for shortening project time? A) Assigning additional staff and equipment B) Subcontract work C) Schedule overtime D) Reduce project scope E) Reduce the quality

Which of the following methods will measure the cost efficiency of the work accomplished to date? A. SV/CV B. EV/PV C. EV/AC D. AC/SV E. AC/CV

Which of the following would be considered the most effective project reward? A) Individual member rewards B) Lump-sum cash award C) All-expenses-paid trip for team members and their families D) Using negative reinforcement to motivate adequate performance E) All of these are equally effective

Which of the following would be defined as the ability or skill to perceive, assess and manage the emotions of one's self and others? A) Emotional stability B) Coolness under pressure C) Emotional intelligence D) Empathy E) Management sensitivity

____ costs are incurred when completing an activity in its realistically shortest time. A) Normal B) Reserve C) Crash D) Accelerated E) Expedited

A project manager learns that the project is only earning $.90 of planned work for each dollar spent by looking at the EV. SPI. CPI. BAC. SV.

CPI.

Increase risk of delaying the project and reduce scheduling flexibility.

Compressing activities on a project with a sensitive project network will:

Which of the following is NOT a technique for accelerating project completion when resources are NOT constrained?

Compromise quality

When project managers reduce the intensity of the conflict by smoothing over differences or interjecting humor when dysfunctional conflict arises, they are attempting to _________ the conflict.

Control

Rise by the run.

Cost slope can be determined by dividing the

direct

Costs such as labor, materials, equipment, or contractors are examples of ________ project costs.

The direct cost for completing an activity in the shortest time it can realistically be completed in is called its __________ cost. A) Normal B) Reserve C) Crash D) Accelerated E) Expedited

Crash

The shortest possible time an activity can be completed realistically is called ___ time.

Crash

____ costs are incurred when completing an activity in its realistically shortest time.

Crash

Given that an activity's normal time and cost are 10 days and $400, respectively, and its crash time and cost are 5 days and $800, respectively, what is the activity's slope?

Crash cost per time unit equals the cost slop. Cost slope equals rise/run; therefore, (crash cost - normal cost) / (normal time - crash time) = ($800 - $400) / (10 - 5) = $80 per day.

The direct cost for completing an activity in the shortest time it can realistically be completed in is called its __________ cost.

Crash.

What is crashing? Include a discussion of crash time and crash cost.

Crashing - shortening an activity or project. Crash time is the shortest realistic time that an activity can be completed in and crash costs are the total costs associated with the crash time.

project cost-duration

Creation of the ___________ graph keeps the importance of indirect costs in the forefront of decision making.

One way of reducing project costs is identifying tasks that _________ can do themselves

Customers

One way of reducing project costs is identifying tasks that _________ can do themselves. A) Vendors B) Suppliers C) Customers D) Company employees E) Project teams

Customers

Which group of stakeholders defines the scope of the project and ultimately determines whether or not the project is successful?

Customers

One way of reducing project costs is identifying tasks that _________ can do themselves.

Customers.

The second ring in the network of relationships for project managers includes all of the following EXCEPT

Customers.

1. Delaying noncritical activities to lower peak demand on resources is known as resource A. Shifting B. Effectiveness C. Manipulating D. Resource smoothing E. Allocation

11. n Earned Value System used to monitor project progress includes comparison of A. Actual costs versus budget B. Schedule progress versus plan C. Quality progress versus plan D. Both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

12. he earned value of a project is the: A. Project cost to date adjusted for project scope changes B. Total project cost to date C. Cost incurred minus the planned cost D. Percent of the original budget that has been earned by actual work E. None of these are correct

15. Scheduling time-constrained projects focuses on resource A. Demands B. Increases C. Assumptions D. Utilization E. All are correct

18. Generally the method for measuring accomplishments centers on comparing A. Earned value with the expected schedule value B. Earned value with the actual costs C. Actual costs with budgeted costs D. Both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

18. The optimum duration for a project is at the point where: A. Direct costs are the lowest B. Indirect costs are the lowest C. Direct costs equal indirect costs D. Total project costs are the lowest E. The project changes from time-constrained to resource-constrained

19. Creating a Project Cost-Duration graph is useful: A. During the pre-project planning phase B. After the project has begun C. After the completion of the project D. Both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

19. Which of the following are required to assess the current status of a project using the earned-value cost/schedule system? A. BAC, EAC, and ETC B. VAC, EAC, and BAC C. CV, SU, and BAC D. PV, EV, and AC E. TCPI, EV, and PV

20. Which of the following methods of variance analysis is the best indicator of how far off the budget a project will be at completion? A. BAC B. EAC C. ETC D. VAC E. TCPI

21. If a network has several critical or near-critical paths it is deemed to be: A. Well planned B. The lowest cost alternative C. Resource-constrained D. Sensitive E. Insensitive

23. An index value less than one indicates that the project is A. Under cost or behind schedule B. Over cost or ahead of schedule C. Under cost or ahead of schedule D. Over cost or behind schedule E. On cost or on schedule

23. Splitting an activity creates the following situation: A. More people working on the same activity B. There are possible startup and shutdown costs C. A resource may be moved from one activity to another and then back D. Both B and C are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

24. The U.S. Forest Service "snapshot from practice" illustrated the importance of A. Time constraints B. Resource constraints C. Cost constraints D. Both B and C are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

28. In a resource-constrained project the third priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the A. Smallest duration B. Least slack C. Most slack D. Lowest identification number E. Highest cost

5. The second step in the project control process of the measurement and evaluation of project performance is to: A. Review the baseline plan with top management B. Analyze inputs to control system C. Compare plan against actual D. Measure progress and performance E. Review spending with team members

5. Which of the following is not one of the types of project constraints? A. Physical B. Technical C. Resource D. Time E. All of these are types of project constraints

7. Project costs are generally classified as ____ costs. A. Direct B. Indirect C. Overhead D. Both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

8. All of the following are kinds of resource constraints except A. Materials B. People C. Equipment D. Information E. All of the above are resource constraints

A CPI or SPI value less than one indicates that the project is A. Under cost or behind schedule. B. Over cost or ahead of schedule. C. Under cost or ahead of schedule. D. Over cost or behind schedule. E. On cost or on schedule.

A ___________ Gantt chart is a simple and effective way to depict progress on a project. A. Baseline B. Control C. Variance D. Tracking E. Simple

All of the following are kinds of resource constraints except A) Materials B) People C) Equipment D) Information E) All of the above are resource constraints

Creating a Project Cost-Duration graph is useful: A) During the pre-project planning phase B) After the project has begun C) After the completion of the project D) Both A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are all correct

Delaying noncritical activities to lower peak demand on resources is known as A) Shifting B) Effectiveness C) Manipulating D) Smoothing E) Allocation

During which stage of team development is high performance not a top priority and team member emotions run from upbeat to depressed? A) Norming B) Storming C) Performing D) Adjourning E) Forming

Experience and research indicate that high-performance project teams are much more likely to develop under all the following conditions except: A) Members are assigned to the project full time B) Members report solely to the project manager C) There are 10 or fewer members per team D) Team members are selected by their managers E) The project involves a compelling objective

If a network has several critical or near-critical paths it is deemed to be: A) Well planned B) The lowest cost alternative C) Resource-constrained D) Sensitive E) Insensitive

Implementing closedown includes the following major activities except: A) Getting delivery acceptance from the customer. B) Shutting down resources and releasing to new uses. C) Closing accounts and seeing all bills are paid. D) E-mail the project team that the project is complete E) Creating a final report

In a survey of project managers, approximately what percentage reported that they encountered ethical issues in their work? A) 22 percent B) 40 percent C) 65 percent D) 81 percent E) 100 percent

In terms of commonly traded organizational currencies, acceptance, personal support, and understanding are part of _______ related currencies. A) Task B) Position C) Inspiration D) Relationship E) Personal

In the Research Highlight, Chaos: Software Projects, the criterion which was deemed the most important for project success was A) Realistic expectations B) Hard-working, focused staff C) User involvement D) Proper planning E) Clear vision and objectives

Many projects will fail because of circumstances beyond the control of the project team is called: A) Normal B) Premature C) Perpetual D) Failed Project E) Changed Priority

Nancy tells her supervisor that as of right now, $1.05 worth of work has been accomplished for each $1 worth of scheduled work. Nancy got this information from viewing the A. SV. B. TCPI. C. CPI. D. SPI. E. PCIB.

Of the following costs, which are NOT included in baseline? A. Suppliers B. Equipment C. Labor D. Budget reserves E. Contractors

Performance evaluations of project teams should: A) Provide the basis for individual development B) Provide the basis for participation on future projects C) Provide the basis for salary increases D) Both A and C are correct E) A, B, and C are all correct

Scheduling time-constrained projects focuses on resource A) Demands B) Increases C) Assumptions D) Utilization E) All are correct

Splitting an activity creates the following situation: A) More people working on the same activity B) There are possible startup and shutdown costs C) A resource may be moved from one activity to another and then back D) Both B and C are correct E) A, B, and C are all correct

The biggest challenge to managing a virtual project team is: A) Getting reports and technical information communicated B) Developing trust C) Establishing effective patterns of communication D) Both B and C are correct E) A, B, and C are all correct

The earned value of a project is the A. Project cost to date adjusted for project scope changes. B. Total project cost to date. C. Cost incurred minus the planned cost. D. Percent of the original budget that has been earned by actual work. E. The planned time-phased baseline of the value of work scheduled.

The optimum duration for a project is at the point where: A) Direct costs are the lowest B) Indirect costs are the lowest C) Direct costs equal indirect costs D) Total project costs are the lowest E) The project changes from time-constrained to resource-constrained

The second step in the project control process for measuring and evaluating project performance is to A. Review the baseline plan with top management. B. Analyze inputs to control system. C. Compare plan against actual. D. Measure progress and performance. E. Review spending with team members.

The section of the final project report that new project teams are likely to find most useful is the: A) Analysis B) Recommendations C) Classification of project D) Lessons learned E) Strategic objectives

Two of the biggest challenges involved in managing a virtual project team are: A) The language barriers and time management B) Time management and developing trust C) The language barriers and developing effective patterns of communication D) Developing trust and effective patterns of communication E) Time management and developing effective patterns of communication

What is not a wrap-up closure activity? A. Facilities B. Vendors C. Customer D. Profit report E. Report

Which of the following are considered very important in the recruiting of project members? A) The budget available B) The importance of the project C) The management structure for the project team D) Both B and C are correct E) A, B, and C are all correct

Which of the following are required to assess the current status of a project using the earned-value cost/schedule system? A. BAC, EAC, and ETC B. VAC, EAC, and BAC C. CV, SV, and BAC D. PV, EV, and AC E. TCPI, EV, and PV

Which of the following methods of variance analysis is the best indicator of how far off the budget a project will be at completion? A. BAC B. EAC C. ETC D. VAC E. TCPI

Which performance index is the most potentially misleading? A. CPI B. EV C. CV D. SV E. EAC

Which of the following is NOT one of the more common problems associated with scheduling multiproject resources?

Decline in project quality

Which of the following is NOT one of the more common problems associated with scheduling multiproject resources? Overall schedule slippage Inefficient resource utilization Decline in project quality Resource bottlenecks Delays in one project causing delays in other projects

Decline in project quality

As a project is crashed and project duration is reduced, indirect costs typically

Decrease

As a project is crashed and project duration is reduced, indirect costs typically:

Decrease.

All resource leveling techniques involve

Delaying noncritical activities.

Which of the following projects would be least beneficial if additional resources were added? A) Splitting and stacking a cord of wood B) Developing new software C) Harvesting a crop by hand D) Building a cabin E) Moving to a new house

Developing new software

Which of the following projects would be least benefited if additional resources were added?

Developing new software

The biggest challenge to managing a virtual project team is

Developing trust and establishing effective patterns of communication.

The largest source of tension between project managers and upper management typically come from

Differences of perspective.

This is used to compare the cost accounts between organizational units and deliverables.

Direct Labor Budget Rollup

In a Project Cost-Duration Graph, total project costs are a sum of

Direct and indirect costs

In a Project Cost-Duration Graph, total project costs are a sum of A) Labor, material and equipment costs B) Direct costs plus interest C) Direct labor costs and the project manager's salary D) Direct costs and the project manager's salary E) Direct and indirect costs

Direct and indirect costs

work package

Direct costs are assignable directly to a particular ________.

An activity's crash cost includes ____ costs.

Direct.

11. Most of the scheduling methods available today require the project manager to classify the project as either _______ constrained or ______ constrained. A. Time, quality B. Quality, resource C. Cost, time D. Quality, cost E. Time, resource

13. In reviewing the status of her project with top management, Shirley was told that there only were two programmers that she could use for her project. Her project is __________ constrained. A. Time B. Quality C. Cost D. Performance E. Resource

14. The schedule variance for a project is calculated by: A. EV-AC B. AC-SV C. PV-EV D. CU-EV E. EV-PV

16. Of the following costs, which are not included in baseline? A. Materials B. Equipment C. Labor D. A and C but not B E. All of these are usually included

17. Resource leveling can provide A. Lower peak demand B. Reduced resource need over the life of the project C. Reduced fluctuations in resource demand D. Both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

17. The method most frequently used in measuring project progress is the A. 0/100 percent rule B. 75/25 percent rule C. 50/50 percent rule D. 25/75 percent rule E. Percent complete rule

2. Adequate project controls have the advantage(s) of: A. Holding people accountable B. Prevents small problems from getting large C. Keeping focus D. Both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

20. Crashing a project should occur: A. As early as possible B. As late as possible C. Midway through the project D. Both A and C are correct E. Cannot be determined with the information given

22. The word Heuristics means A. Resource constraints B. Flexibility C. The critical path changed D. Parallel activities become sequential E. Rule of thumb

24. A common method for shortening the project time is to: A. Adding resources B. Schedule overtime C. Subcontract an activity D. Both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

24. Scope creep affects: A. The organization B. The project team C. The project suppliers D. Both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

26. Which of the following is/are included in a Project Cost-Duration Graph? A. Total indirect cost B. Total direct cost C. Total project cost D. Both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

27. Which of the following is not one of the more common problems associated with scheduling multiproject resources? A. Overall schedule slippage B. Inefficient resource utilization C. Resource bottlenecks D. Both A and C are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

29. Which of the following will calculate the To Complete Performance Index? A. (VAC-EV)/(PV/AC) B. (BAC-EV)/(EV/AC) C. (PV/AC)/(VAC-EV) D. (EV/AC)/(BAC-EV) E. (BAC-EV)/(BAC-AC)

3. A contractor finished a bridge across a lake 18 months early and received more than $6 million for the early completion. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by: A. Imposed project deadlines B. Time to market C. Unforeseen project delays D. High overhead E. Incentive contracts

3. A typical project progress report would contain all of the following sections except: A. Progress since last report B. Problems and issues since last report C. Current status of project D. Corrective action planned E. All of these are typical sections

3. Which of the following is a potential consequence of failing to schedule limited resources? A. Costly activity delays B. Costly project delays C. Difficulty in taking quick corrective action D. Both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct

31. A project budget report is showing our project as spending $35,000 against a budgeted amount of $40,000. Which of the following is true? A. We are spending less than we should for the project B. We are doing a good job managing the project C. We should check to see if all the bills have been paid D. Both A and B are correct E. We can't be sure how the project is going

33. Which of the following is not one of the techniques for accelerating project completion? A. Assigning additional staff and equipment B. Establish a core team C. Do it twice—fast and correctly D. Reduce project scope E. All of these are acceptable techniques

34. When the project team is salaried, which of the following is the preferred choice for accelerating project completion? A. Assigning additional staff and equipment B. Subcontract work C. Schedule overtime D. Work longer hours E. Both C and D are preferred choices

5. Total project costs include all of the following except: A. Supervision B. Administration C. Project manager's salary D. Interest E. All of these are included in total project costs

9. Sam is trying to order the concrete needed to continue his project. However, the supplier won't be able to deliver it until next week. This is an example of a _______ constraint. A. Working capital B. People C. Equipment D. Information E. Materials

A project budget report is showing our project as spending $35,000 against a budgeted amount of $40,000. Which of the following is true? A) We are spending less than we should for the project B) We are doing a good job managing the project C) We should check to see if all the bills have been paid D) Both A and B are correct E) We can't be sure how the project is going

A project manager learns that the project is only earning $.90 of planned work for each dollar spent by looking at the A. EV. B. BAC. C. SV. D. SPI. E. CPI.

Closing out _________ is often messy and filled with untied ends. A. Project review meetings B. Reports C. Invoices D. Teams E. Contracts

Establishing a team identity is facilitated by: A) Team members working in a common space B) Creation of a project team name C) Effective use of meetings D) Both A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are all correct

In terms of commonly traded organizational currencies, learning, ownership, and gratitude are part of ______ related currencies. A) Task B) Position C) Inspiration D) Relationship E) Personal

Project closures can fall into all of the following categories except: A) Premature B) Perpetual C) Failed D) Changed priority E) All of these are categories for project closure

Researchers have found that high performance teams will have which of the following norms? A) Hard work does not get in the way of having fun B) No information is shared outside the team unless all agree to it C) It is acceptable to be in trouble, but not to surprise others D) Both B and C are correct E) A, B, and C are all correct

Resource leveling can provide: A) Lower peak demand B) Reduced resource need over the life of the project C) Reduced fluctuations in resource demand D) Both A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are all correct

The content of the final report typically includes the following topics: A) Lessons learned B) Review and analysis C) Recommendations D) Executive summary E) All the above are correct

The indicator that tells you the amount each remaining dollar must earn in order for the project to stay within budget is the A. PCIC. B. VAC. C. CPI. D. SPI. E. TCPI.

The outer ring in the network of relationships for project managers includes all of the following except: A) Other organizations B) Customers C) Contractors D) Government agencies E) Administrative support

The schedule variance for a project is calculated by: A. EV - AC B. AC - SV C. PV - EV D. CV - EV E. EV - PV

When a project may start with a high priority but see its rank erode or crash during its project life cycle as conditions change this is an example of: A. Normal B. Premature C. Perpetual D. Failed Project E. Changed Priority

When someone familiar with each task estimates what percent of the task has been completed or how much of the task remains, they are creating a method for assigning costs to the baseline called the A. 0/100 percent rule. B. Task complete rule. C. Degree complete rule. D. Work complete rule. E. Percent complete rule.

Which is not part of the team portion of the Wrap-up closure checklist? A. Has a schedule for reducing project staff been developed and accepted? B. Has staff been offered outplacement services and career counseling activities? C. Have performance reviews for team members been conducted? D. Has staff been released or notified of new assignments? E. All are included.

Which of the following is an objective of the first project team meeting? A) Overview the project's scope and objectives B) Address interpersonal interaction concerns C) Model how the team will work together D) Both A and C are correct E) A, B, and C are all correct

Which of the following is not one of the distinguishing traits of character? A) Openness B) Consistency C) Empathetic D) Sense of purpose E) Hard work

Which of the following is not one of the more common problems associated with scheduling multiproject resources? A) Overall schedule slippage B) Inefficient resource utilization C) Resource bottlenecks D) Both A and C are correct E) A, B, and C are all correct

Which of the following is not one of the most significant sources of conflict during the project definition phase? A) Priorities B) Administrative procedures C) Schedule D) Workforce E) Costs

Which of the following is not one of the most significant sources of conflict during the project planning phase? A) Priorities B) Procedures C) Schedule D) Technical requirements E) Costs

The schedule variance for a project is calculated by: AC - SV EV - AC CV - EV EV - PV PV - EV

E. EV - PV

The cost variance for a project is calculated by AC - SV. CV - EV. EV - AC. PV - EV. EV - PV.

EV - AC.

A project cost baseline is also called

Either of these is correct Planned value (PV) Planned value PV

Identify the critical path

Emily has recently learned that she needs to reduce the duration of her project to meet an imposed deadline. She has calculated the crash cost per unit and knows the maximum units each activity can be reduced. What is the next step?

38. If three copiers are needed to produce a final report on time and only two are available, the project is facing a(n) ________ type of resource constraint.

Equipment

A special truck that George needs on his project has been scheduled on another project. This is an example of what type of resource constraint?

Equipment

Which of the following is NOT considered a project indirect cost? A) Supervision B) Consultants C) Equipment D) Interest E) The project manager's salary

Equipment

Which of the following is not considered a project indirect cost?

Equipment

Which of the following is NOT considered a project indirect cost?

Equipment.

When it is necessary to reduce project duration and resources are constrained, which of the following is NOT a reasonable option?

Establishing a core project team

Ethics are an absolute - what is ethical for your organization will be ethical for all others.

FALSE

If a project needs one earth mover six months from now in order to complete one activity, and the organization has four such machines, there is no equipment resource constraint

FALSE

If a project needs one earth mover six months from now in order to complete one activity, and the organization has four such machines, there is no equipment resource constraint.

FALSE

Lump-sum cash bonuses are the most effective group reward for project teams.

FALSE

Resource leveling or smoothing is only used on projects which are resource constrained

FALSE

Sequential activities hold just as much potential for resource conflicts as parallel activities.

FALSE

The cost slope of an activity is calculated by dividing the run by the rise.

FALSE

The fact that you must pour foundation before you frame the house and that you have to frame the house before you can put on the roof demonstrates scheduling constraints

FALSE

The performing stage of team development is characterized by the development of close relationships and group cohesiveness.

FALSE

There is a high degree of internal conflict in the forming stage of team development.

FALSE

When facilitating group decision making, a project manager should identify a problem in terms of its alternate solutions so that team members can more easily reach a decision on how to solve the problem.

FALSE

When reducing project duration, there will always be an optimum cost-time point where the total cost of the project is less than it was when the project was initially planned under normal conditions.

FALSE

A lack of readily available engineers is a technical constraint

FASLE

The level of resources each activity will need to be completed in the given amount of time has been estimated; therefore, there are no resource constraints.

FASLE

A project budget report is showing our project as spending $35,000 against a budgeted amount of $40,000. We can assume that everything is going as planned and that we are under budget. T/F

False

A project manger arbitrates conflict by intervening and attempting to negotiate resolution by using reasoning, persuasion, and suggesting alternatives. T/F

False

A project vision is an image a project team holds about how the project will look upon completion, how they will work together, and how customers will accept the project. It is important that everyone have the same vision. T/F

False

Brooks law states that adding manpower to a software project helps keep it on schedule. T/F

False

For most projects, the estimation of a crash time is relatively easy. T/F

False

High performing teams typically meet many of the characteristics outlined in the text. T/F

False

If a project needs one earth mover six months from now in order to complete one activity, and the organization has four such machines, there is no equipment resource constraint.

False

Insensitive networks are a rarity; Planning for a sensitive network is more practical. T/F

False

Lump-sum cash bonuses are the most effective group reward for project teams. T/F

False

Many poor-performing project managers are guilty of management by wandering around. T/F

False

Project management software is important because it will manage the project for the project manager.

False

Resource leveling or smoothing is only used on projects which are resource constrained. T/F

False

Since resource leveling or smoothing delays noncritical activities, a common result is a decrease in network sensitivity.

False

Successful project managers tend to adopt a hands-on approach to managing projects. T/F

False

The cost slope of an activity is calculated by dividing the run by the rise.

False

The fact that you must pour foundation before you frame the house and that you have to frame the house before you can put on the roof demonstrates scheduling constraints. T/F

False

The level of resources each activity will need to be completed in the given amount of time has been estimated; therefore, there are no resource constraints.

False

When reducing project duration, there will always be an optimum cost-time point where the total cost of the project is less than it was when the project was initially planned under normal conditions.

False

When scheduling activities in a resource-constrained project typically the activity scheduled first has the most amount of slack.

False

____________ is the rearranging of the project network logic so that critical activities are done in parallel rather than sequentially.

Fast-tracking

When reducing project duration, the crash cost per unit has to be calculated and the maximum units each activity can be reduced must be known. After this, the critical path must be identified. What is the next step?

Find the activity with the lowest crash cost

46. In scheduling resource-constrained projects, _________ are typically used rather than optimum mathematical solutions.

Heuristics

____ is a technique that can be used to solve the combinational problem of resource allocation.

Heuristics

Which of the following is NOT a rational reason to reduce project duration?

High network sensitivity

It is going to cost $80,000 a day to simply house and feed a construction crew in the farthest reaches of Northern Alaska. This is an example of reducing project duration due to A) Imposed project deadlines B) Time to market C) Unforeseen project delays D) High overhead E) Incentive contracts

High overhead

Identify the critical path

The president of a software company remarks in a speech that new technologically advanced software will be available in one year. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by:

Imposed project deadlines

Without any formal planning, the president of a software company remarks in a speech that new technologically advanced software will be available in one year. This may lead to a project that must be done faster than anticipated. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by

Imposed project deadlines

Direct and indirect costs.

In a Project Cost-Duration Graph, total project costs are a sum of

critical path

In order to shorten the duration of a project the project manager should limit the choices of activities to just those which are on the __________.

Least steep slope.

In selecting the best activity to crash you would first select the activity with the

A contractor finished a bridge across a lake 18 months early and received more than $6 million for the early completion. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by

Incentive contracts

As a project is crashed and project duration is reduced, direct costs typically A) Increase B) Become unstable C) Decrease D) Become unreliable E) Stay the same

Increase

The easiest way to add more labor to a project is not to add more people, but to schedule overtime. What are the disadvantages of scheduling overtime?

Increase in wages: time and a half or double time for extended hours. Salaried employees may incur intangible costs such as divorce, burnout, and turnover.

As a project is crashed and project duration is reduced, direct costs typically

Increase.

As a project is crashed and project duration is reduced, direct costs typically:

Increase.

___ is the first thing to consider when deciding whether or not an activity can be crashed.

Inherent risk

A positive situation where moving toward the optimum time can result in very real, large savings—this occurs when the network is

Insensitive

Which of the following is NOT one of the tips for alleviating communication problems of virtual teams?

Insist team members travel at least once during the project for a face-to-face meeting.

____ -related currencies derive from people's burning desire to make a difference and add meaning to their lives.

Inspiration

market

Intense global competition and rapid technological advances combine to create a(n) ________-imposed project duration date.

Time to market.

Intense global competition and rapid technological advances create pressure to develop projects rapidly. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by

Which of the following is NOT true regarding scope creep? Project suppliers resent frequent changes It is frequently unnoticed until time delays or cost overruns are observed It wears down team motivation and cohesiveness It commonly occurs late in projects Scope changes can represent significant opportunity

It commonly occurs late in projects

All of the following are benefits of scheduling resources before project implementation EXCEPT

It ensures low network sensitivity.

All of the following are benefits of scheduling resources before project implementation EXCEPT It allows time for considering reasonable options if resource constraints do exist. The project completion date can be established. Work packages can be time-phased. It allows managers to share resources with other project managers if it is requested without negatively impacting their project. It ensures low network sensitivity.

It ensures low network sensitivity.

High overhead.

It is going to cost $80,000 a day simply to house and feed a construction crew in the farthest reaches of northern Alaska. This would be an example of a situation requiring reducing the project duration due to

Why is it necessary to have a time-phased budget baseline

It shows how much work was accomplished for the money spent

Why is it necessary to have a time-phased budget baseline? It allows proper resource allocation It shows how much work was accomplished for the money spent It reduces schedule slippage when scheduling multiproject resources It is not necessary to have a time-phased budget baseline It reduces fluctuations in cash flow during the project

It shows how much work was accomplished for the money spent

A well-defined project that encounters no significant surprises would require little

Leadership.

In a resource-constrained project, the first priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the

Least slack

In a resource-constrained project, the first priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the

Least slack.

In a resource-constrained project, the first priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the Smallest duration. Least slack. Most slack. Lowest identification number. Highest cost.

Least slack.

In selecting the best activity to crash you would first select the activity with the A) Earliest start time B) Most steep slope C) Least steep slope D) Longest duration E) Largest crash time

Least steep slope

In selecting the best activity to crash you would first select the activity with the

Least steep slope.

The less steep the cost slope of an activity, the

Less it costs to shorten one time period.

The relationship between the normal point and the crash point is assumed to be

Linear

The relationship between the normal point and the crash point is assumed to be: A) Linear B) Curvilinear C) Variable D) Conversely related E) Exponentially related

Linear

In a resource-constrained project the third priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the

Lowest identification number

In a resource-constrained project the third priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the

Lowest identification number.

According to Brooks' Law, adding more people to a late project is most likely to have which of the following impacts?

Make the project slip further

37. The shortage of computer chips to produce a circuit board is an example of a(n) ________ type of resource constraint.

Materials

Gene is trying to order the concrete needed to continue his project. However, the supplier will not be able to deliver it until next week. This is an example of what kind of resource

Materials

Gene is trying to order the concrete needed to continue his project. However, the supplier will not be able to deliver it until next week. This is an example of what kind of resource constraint?

Materials

Gene is trying to order the concrete needed to continue his project. However, the supplier will not be able to deliver it until next week. This is an example of what kind of resource constraint? Working capital People Equipment Information Materials

Materials

43. Scheduling activities in a constrained project typically has ________ as the top heuristic rule.

Minimum slack

Splitting an activity can result in all of the following EXCEPT More people working on the same activity. Possible startup and shutdown costs. A resource being moved from one activity to another and then back. Activity work being placed on hold for a period until more resources are available. A better project schedule.

More people working on the same activity.

Why should a project manager be cautious when adding resources to reduce project duration?

More time is needed to coordinate and manage a larger team and there is an additional delay of training the new people and getting them up to speed on the project.

Jan is trying to reallocate resources in a time-constrained project to create smoother resource utilization. She should first identify activities with the

Most slack.

Jan is trying to reallocate resources in a time-constrained project to create smoother resource utilization. She should first identify activities with the Smallest duration. Least slack. Most slack. Lowest identification number. Highest cost.

Most slack.

Which of the following is NOT one of the more commonly used options for cutting project costs?

Move the completion date further out.

Before crashing, direct costs for an activity represent normal costs, which typically mean low cost, efficient methods for completing the activity in a(n) ________ amount of time. A) Normal B) Budgeted C) Optimized D) Expected E) Targeted

Normal

Before crashing, direct costs for an activity represent normal costs, which typically mean low-cost, efficient methods for completing the activity in a(n) ________ amount of time

Normal

Before crashing, direct costs for an activity represent normal costs, which typically mean low-cost, efficient methods for completing the activity in a(n) ________ amount of time.

Normal

Low-cost, realistic, efficient methods for completing an activity under normal conditions are supported by ____ time.

Normal

________ is the most common circumstance for project closure is simply a completed project.

Normal

A side-effect of lack of trust is in other party is

Often expensing extra effort to understand true meaning of communications.

What does it mean to say that a project network is sensitive and why is that important to a project manager who needs to reduce the duration of his or her project?

One that has several or critical or near critical paths. It is important to project managers because great care must be taken to avoid increasing project risks.

Customers

One way of reducing project costs is identifying tasks that _________ can do themselves.

customers

One way of reducing project costs is identifying tasks that _________ can do themselves.

51. Many companies are using ________ from contractors and consultants as a means of dealing with the peaks and valleys of resource allocation among projects.

Outsourcing

53. The ability to more efficiently manage the ebbs and flows of project work is one of the major driving forces behind ____________ today.

Outsourcing

When a company will reduce the number of projects they have to manage internally to only core projects and send noncritical projects to contractors and consulting firms this is called

Outsourcing

When a company will reduce the number of projects they have to manage internally to only core projects and send noncritical projects to contractors and consulting firms this is called

Outsourcing.

A CPI or SPI value less than one indicates that the project is Under cost or ahead of schedule. Over cost or ahead of schedule. Under cost or behind schedule. On cost or on schedule. Over cost or behind schedule.

Over cost or behind schedule.

indirect

Overhead costs such as supervision, administration, consultants, and interest are examples of ________ project costs.

Which of the following are required to assess the current status of a project using the earned-value cost/schedule system? VAC, EAC, and BAC TCPI, EV, and PV CV, SV, and BAC PV, EV, and AC BAC, EAC, and ETC

PV, EV, and AC

52. The ______________ is the most widely used approach to apply heuristics in resource- constrained projects.

Parallel Method

44. The ________ is the most widely used approach to apply heuristic rules to scheduling activities in a constrained project.

Parallel method

36. A shortage of programmers to write software is an example of a(n) ________ type of resource constraint.

People

Rachel is working on a project that technically allows three activities to be done at the same time. If they were to be implemented at the same time, she would need 5 contractors in order for the activities to be completed on time. There are only 3 available for her to use. This is an example of what type of constraint?

People

Sam, the project engineer, has been scheduled to run the product system test at the same time he is to build a marketing prototype. This is an example of what type of resource constraint

People

Sam, the project engineer, has been scheduled to run the product system test at the same time he is to build a marketing prototype. This is an example of what type of resource constraint?

People

Sam, the project engineer, has been scheduled to run the product system test at the same time he is to build a marketing prototype. This is an example of what type of resource constraint? Physical Technical People Equipment Time

People

39. Hector wants to bring on another programmer to work on the project but the company does not have anyone who has the needed skills. Hector's project is facing a(n) ________ constraint.

People type of resource

When someone familiar with each task estimates what percent of the task has been completed or how much of the task remains, they are creating a method for assigning costs to the baseline called the Percent complete rule. Degree complete rule. 0/100 percent rule. Work complete rule. Task complete rule.

Percent complete rule.

The earned value of a project is the Percent of the original budget that has been earned by actual work. Project cost to date adjusted for project scope changes. Total project cost to date. Cost incurred minus the planned cost. The planned time-phased baseline of the value of work scheduled.

Percent of the original budget that has been earned by actual work

During which stage of team development is the team fully functional and accomplishing project goals?

Performing

Which of the following would be defined as the ability to lead and manage yourself by establishing a sense for who you are, what you stand for and how you should behave?

Personal integrity

The traits of successful project managers include all of the following EXCEPT

Pessimist.

35. Trying to renovate a ship compartment that is too small for more than one person is an example of a(n) ________ constraint.

Physical

Susan is to conduct environmental testing but the chamber cannot hold all the equipment that she wants to test. This is an example of a constraint that could impact the sequence and timing of activities in a project network. What type of constraint is it?

Physical

55. A project cost baseline is also called __________.

Planned Value

The earned value system starts with the time-phased costs that provide the project baseline, which is called the Earned value of work scheduled. Planned budgeted value of work scheduled. Scheduled value of work scheduled. Scheduled value of work completed. Planned budgeted value of work completed.

Planned budgeted value of work scheduled.

42. All leveling techniques delay noncritical activities by using ________ to reduce peak demand.

Positive slack

A tool used to monitor past project schedule performance and current performance, and to estimate future schedule trends is a simple line chart known as a Milestone chart. Gantt chart. Project control chart. Network diagram. PERT chart.

Project control chart.

In monitoring project time (schedule) performance, actual performance should be compared to Top management's targets. Progress on similar past projects. Previous status reports. Budgets for the current year. Project network schedule derived from the WBS/OBS.

Project network schedule derived from the WBS/OBS.

50. To deal with problems related to having several concurrent projects, companies are creating ________ to oversee the scheduling of resources across multiple projects.

Project offices or project departments

Tends to increase network sensitivity.

Reducing project duration

Reducing project scope

When a project manager must reduce project duration but resources are constrained, creating a software program that will have fewer features than originally planned or building a house without the bonus room the owner originally specified in the plans would both be examples of A) Fast-Tracking B) Using critical-chain project management C) Reducing project scope D) Compromising quality E) Doing it twice- first fast and then correctly

Reducing project scope

Reducing project scope.

crashing

Reducing the duration of an activity is called ________.

In terms of commonly traded organizational currencies, providing friendship, giving emotional backing, and listening to others' concerns and issues are examples of _______-related currencies.

Relationship

Project managers play a key role in developing high-performance project teams. Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to this role?

Report progress to top management

32. Delaying noncritical activities to lower peak demand and, thus, increase resource utilization is called _______ leveling.

Resource

34. Having one person responsible for performing several activities, all due at the same time, is an example of a(n) ________ constraint.

Resource

41. Beth has two engineers assigned to her project and cannot get any more even if it means slipping the due date on her project. She is managing a(n) ________ constrained project.

Resource

48. In scheduling terms, ________ constrained means that a specific resource is fixed and the duration of the project is flexible.

Resource

In reviewing the status of her project with top management, Shirley was told that there are only two programmers that she can use for her project. Her project is classified as __________ constrained

Resource

In reviewing the status of her project with top management, Shirley was told that there are only two programmers that she can use for her project. Her project is classified as __________ constrained.

Resource

In reviewing the status of her project with top management, Shirley was told that there are only two programmers that she can use for her project. Her project is classified as __________ constrained. Time Quality Cost Performance Resource

Resource

When there are not enough people, money, and/or equipment available for a project it is known as being

Resource Constrained

If resources are not adequate to meet peak demands, the resulting reschedule is termed

Resource-constrained scheduling

If resources are not adequate to meet peak demands, the resulting reschedule is termed

Resource-constrained scheduling.

Cost slope can be determined by dividing the

Rise by the run

Cost slope can be determined by dividing the A) Run by the rise B) Rise by the run C) Crash cost by the normal cost D) Normal cost by the crash cost E) Indirect cost by direct cost

Rise by the run

Nancy tells her supervisor that as of right now, $1.05 worth of work has been accomplished for each $1 worth of scheduled work. Nancy got this information from viewing the CPI. TCPI. PCIB. SV. SPI.

SPI.

Which performance index is the most potentially misleading? SV CPI EV CV EAC

A project manager notices that $1,000 worth of work that was scheduled to be completed at this time has not been accomplished. They know this by looking at the TCPI. EV. SV. EAC. PCIB.

SV.

Which of the following is the easiest method for shortening project time?

Schedule overtime

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of failing to identify limited resources before project implementation? Activity delays Project delays Difficulty in taking quick corrective action Increase costs Scope creep

Scope Creep

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of failing to identify limited resources before project implementation?

Scope creep

A project that has several near-critical or critical paths is said to be

Sensitive

If a network has several critical or near-critical paths it is deemed to be:

Sensitive

The first step in the project control process for measuring and evaluating project performance is to Determine the project deliverables. Determine the project objectives. Analyze the project budget. Set a baseline plan. Review the project priority matrix.

Set a baseline plan.

What is crashing? Include a discussion of crash time and crash cost.

Shortening the duration of an activity or project beyond when it can normally be done. Crash time - the shortest time possible an activity can realistically be completed in. Crash cost - direct cost for completing an activity in its crash time

In a resource-constrained project the second priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the

Smallest duration

Resources are adequate, but demand varies widely over the life of the project. Delaying noncritical activities to lower peak demand on resources is known as resource

Smoothing

Resources are adequate, but demand varies widely over the life of the project. Delaying noncritical activities to lower peak demand on resources is known as resource Shifting. Effectiveness. Manipulating. Smoothing. Allocation.

Smoothing.

overhead

Sometimes very high ________ costs are recognized before a project begins and reducing these costs through shorter project duration becomes a high priority.

Overhead

Sometimes very high __________ costs are recognized before a project begins and reducing these costs through shorter project durations becomes a high priority.

45. When using the ________ scheduling technique, the work in an activity is interrupted to work on another activity and is then resumed at a later point in time.

Splitting or multitasking

49. Start-up and shutdown costs are major considerations when using the ________________ scheduling technique.

Splitting/multitasking

When project managers recognize that if they want participants to exceed project expectations then they have to exceed others' expectations of a good project manager, they are leading by example through which of the following aspects?

Standards of performance

Storming

The indicator that tells you the amount each remaining dollar must earn in order for the project to stay within budget is the SPI. PCIC. TCPI. CPI. VAC.

TCPI

TRUE

Crashing frequently results in over allocation of resources.

TRUE

Having too few programmers and too many engineers is an example of a people resource constraint

TRUE

In a resource-constrained project, the completion date is most likely to change

TRUE

Most project managers advocate the use of group rewards rather than individual rewards.

TRUE

One important function of mapping dependencies and building a social network is to prevent project managers from being derailed because they were blindsided by someone whose position or power they had not anticipated.

TRUE

Relationship-related currencies have more to do with strengthening the relationship with someone than directly accomplishing the project tasks.

TRUE

Resource bottlenecks are one of the three more common problems encountered in managing multi-project resource schedules

TRUE

Resource dependency takes priority over technological dependency but it does not violate it

TRUE

Strong leadership, while usually desirable, is not always necessary to successfully complete a project.

TRUE

The inability to fit more than two earth movers on a construction site at the same time when more are needed to complete the activity on time is an example of a physical constraint

TRUE

To determine if a project is time-constrained or resource-constrained you would consult the project priority matrix

TRUE

Too many parallel activities for one individual is an example of a resource constraint.

TRUE

The final step in the project control process for measuring and evaluating project performance is to Take appropriate action. Review spending with team members. Measure progress and performance. Prepare a report to top management. Follow up on corrective action.

Take appropriate action.

While balancing assignments, a project manager must also balance

Talent development

When developing a new software package, logically, the software must be designed before the code is written, and the code must be written before it is tested. These activities are dependent on each other by _________ constraints

Technical

Technical constraints have been carefully considered when developing a project network. Which of the following is true at this point? Resources have been assigned to each activity so they are adequate to complete the project on time Technical dependencies between activities are known The project completion date can be established The project is ready to be implemented All of these are true statements once technical constraints have been established

Technical dependencies between activities are known

33. A(n) ________ constraint addresses the sequence in which project activities must occur.

Technical or logic

Reducing project duration

Tends to increase network sensitivity

Reducing project duration A) Involves crashing all activities to their crash point B) Can only be done when resources are not constrained C) Is always more expensive D) Tends to increase network sensitivity E) Should be considered for all projects

Tends to increase network sensitivity

Reducing project duration:

Tends to increase network sensitivity.

total

The ________ project cost is the sum of the indirect and direct costs.

normal

The ________ time for an activity represents low-costs, realistic, efficient methods for completing the activity under typical conditions.

The activity with the least slack

Tony has realized that two activities in his project cannot be done at the same time because not enough resources are available. Activity 3 is critical and has a duration of 5 days. Activity 4 has 2 days of slack and a duration of 2 days. How will he decide which activity should be scheduled first? The activity with the smallest duration The activity with the least slack The activity with the most slack The activity with the lowest identification number The activity with the highest cost

The activity with the least slack

In a resource-constrained project, which of the following is most likely to be changed?

The completion date

In a resource-constrained project, which of the following is most likely to be changed? The completion date The budget Project quality Resource levels Scope creep

The completion date

crash

The direct cost for completing an activity as early as possible is called its ________ cost.

Crash

The direct cost for completing an activity in the shortest time it can realistically be completed in is called its __________ cost.

Less it costs to shorten one time period.

The less steep the cost slope of an activity, the

less

The less steep the cost slope of an activity, the ________ it costs to shorten one time period.

When determining which activity to crash, there are other factors that should be assessed beyond cost. Which of the following is NOT one of these factors?

The level of difficulty involved in completing the activity

The first project meeting is critical to the early functioning of the project team. Which of the following is NOT true regarding this meeting?

The meeting will need to be as long as necessary to cover the main objectives of a first meeting.

How is the optimum cost-time point determined? What are the conditions that must exist for one to be present at a project duration other than the duration originally created under normal conditions?

The optimum cost-time point is the point in the project when total costs (direct costs + indirect costs) are the least. As a project is reduced, direct costs increase and indirect costs will decrease each time unit. The savings from indirect costs must be larger than the increase in direct costs in order for an optimum cost point to be present at a duration other than the duration originally created under the normal conditions.

Jessica just received the following information on her project: PV = 200, EV = 300, AC = 250, BAC = 1500, EAC = 1208. In terms of cost at completion. The project will currently finish behind schedule. The project will currently finish on budget. The project will currently finish over budget. The project will currently finish under budget. There is insufficient information to draw conclusions.

The project will currently finish under budget

Linear

The relationship between the normal point and the crash point is assumed to be

Crash

The shortest possible time an activity can be completed realistically is called ________ time.

resource control

There are fewer options available for reducing project time if you are __________________ than if you can spend more than your original budget.

40. In order that the new product is on the shelf for the Christmas buying season, the development of the new product would be classified as a(n) ________ constrained project.

Time

47. In scheduling terms, ________ constrained means that project duration is fixed and resources are flexible.

Time

Regina's boss has told her that her project is very important. If the critical path is delayed, she will be given whatever she needs to get it back on schedule. Her project is classified as ________ constrained

Time

Intense global competition and rapid technological advances create pressure on developing projects rapidly. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by: A) Imposed project deadlines B) Time to market C) Unforeseen project delays D) High overhead E) Incentive contracts

Time to market

Intense global competition and rapid technological advances create pressure to develop projects rapidly. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by

Time to market

The Snapshot from Practice "Cell-Phone Wars" is an excellent example of reducing project duration due to:

Time to market

Identify and briefly describe three out of the six reasons given in the text for attempting to reduce the duration of a project.

Time to market - bring new products or services to the marketplace fast unforseen delays - adverse weather, design flaws, and equipment breakdown— cause substantial delays midway in the project. Incentive contracts - early completion can result in owner or contracter receiving extra money

Intense global competition and rapid technological advances create pressure to develop projects rapidly. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by:

Time to market.

Most of the scheduling methods available today require the project manager to classify the project as either _______ constrained or ______ constrained

Time, resource

Most of the scheduling methods available today require the project manager to classify the project as either _______ constrained or ______ constrained. Time, quality Quality, resource Cost, time Quality, cost Time, resource

Time, resource

When looking at the critical path for a delayed project and the project manager sees that adding resources will reduce or remove the delay, the project manager knows that the project is

Time-Constrained

Baseline project budgets are derived from The earned value system. The total direct, direct project overhead and G&A overhead costs. Time-phasing the work packages. The organization's overall budget. Top management directions.

Time-phasing the work packages.

The optimum duration for a project is at the point where:

Total project costs are the lowest

When reducing project duration, the duration for a project that is optimal is at the point where

Total project costs are the lowest

A ___________ Gantt chart is a simple and effective way to depict progress on a project. Variance Tracking Simple Baseline Control

Tracking

Conflict is inevitable and can be a desirable part of project work. T/F

True

Crashing a more expensive activity may be wise if fewer inherent risks are involved.

True

Crashing frequently results in overallocation of resources.

True

Customers define the scope of the project, and ultimately, project success rests in their satisfaction. T/F

True

Direct costs are so named because they can be assigned directly to a work package and activity.

True

Having too few programmers and too many engineers is an example of a people resource constraint.

True

One of the advantages of using a Project Cost-Duration Graph is that it keeps the importance of indirect costs in the forefront of decision making.

True

Resource bottlenecks are one of the three more common problems encountered in managing multiproject resource schedules. T/F

True

The accuracy of crash times and costs is frequently rough at best, when compared with normal time and cost.

True

The first step to building a social network is identifying those on whom the project depends for success. T/F

True

The inability to fit more than two earth movers on a construction site at the same time when more are needed to complete the activity on time is an example of a physical constraint.

True

The norming stage of team development is one in which close relationships develop and the group demonstrates cohesiveness. T/F

True

The simplest way to reduce cost on a project is to reduce the scope of a project. T/F

True

There are more options available for reducing project time if you are not resource constrained.

True

To determine if a project is time-constrained or resource-constrained you would consult the project priority matrix.

True

Total cost for specific project durations is computed and then compared with the benefits of reducing project time, before the project begins or while it is in progress.

True

When adding resources, there are limits as to how much speed can be gained.

True

Adverse weather, design flaws, and equipment breakdown can create negative slack. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by:

Unforeseen project delays

Which of the following methods of variance analysis is the best indicator of how far off the budget a project will be at completion? EAC ETC VAC TCPI BAC

VAC

A project budget report is showing our project as spending $35,000 against a budgeted amount of $40,000. Which of the following is true?

We can't be sure how the project is going

A project budget report is showing our project as spending $35,000 against a budgeted amount of $40,000. Which of the following is true? We are spending less than we should for the project We are doing a good job managing the project We should check to see if all the bills have been paid We have more money to put into budget reserves We can't be sure how the project is going

We can't be sure how the project is going

A project budget report is showing our project as spending $35,000 against a budgeted amount of $40,000. Which of the following is true?

We can't be sure how the project is going.

Researchers have found that high-performance teams have norms for team interaction. Which of the following is NOT one of those norms?

When a decision has to be made, everyone should agree before moving forward.

Reducing project scope.

risk

When considering whether to move the project to its optimum cost-time position, the manager should also consider ________.

fatigue and resentment

When crashing a schedule, this may set in when a least-cost method is used.

When do you know you have crashed project activities enough? In other words, when you are crashing a project, how do you know you are finished?

When crashing, you will crash on all critical paths until all activities on at least one critical path have reached its crash point.

The level of difficulty involved in completing the activity

When determining which activity to crash, there are other factors that should be assessed beyond cost. Which of the following is NOT one of these factors?

Establishing a core project team

When it is necessary to reduce project duration and resources are constrained, which of the following is NOT a reasonable option?

slope or crash cost per unit

When project managers know an activity's ________, they are able to compare which critical activities to shorten.

Find the activity with the lowest crash cost

Total project costs are the lowest.

When reducing project duration, the duration for a project that is optimal is at the point where

Schedule overtime

When the project team is salaried, which of the following is the preferred choice for accelerating project completion?

overtime

When you schedule ________, you avoid the additional costs of coordination and communication when new people are added.

(crash cost - normal cost)/(normal time - crash time)

Which of the following correctly calculates an activity's cost slope?

High network sensitivity

Which of the following is NOT a rational reason to reduce project duration?

Compromise quality

Which of the following is NOT a technique for accelerating project completion when resources are not constrained?

Equipment

Which of the following is NOT considered a project indirect cost?

Move the completion date further out

Which of the following is NOT one of the more commonly used options for cutting project costs?

Developing a new software

Which of the following projects would be least benefited if additional resources were added?

imposed

Imposed project deadlines.

Project budgets are developed by time-phasing which of the following?

Work packages

Which of the following is a tool and technique in the Control Scope process? A. Variance analysis B. Replanning C. Inspection D. Configuration management system

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 110, #1 Answer: A A variance analysis is a common tool/technique for the monitoring and controlling process, including the Control Scope process. A variance analysis evaluates any variance between the project baselines and the actual results.

A schedule performance index (SPI) of 0.8 suggests that the project is: A. Ahead of schedule to date B. Behind schedule to date C. On schedule D. None of the above are correct

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 110, #2 Answer: B An SPI of one indicates the project is on schedule, greater than 1 and the project is ahead of schedule and less than 1 the project is behind schedule. An SPI of 0.8 indicates the project is 20% behind schedule.

A project that has a negative cost variance and an SPI less than 1.0 means that the project is: A. Over-budget and ahead of schedule B. Under-budget and behind schedule C. Over-budget and behind schedule D. Under-budget and ahead of schedule

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 110, #3 Answer: C An SPI of one indicates the project is on schedule, greater than 1 and the project is ahead of schedule and less than 1 the project is behind schedule. A cost variance of 0 indicates the project is on-budget. A positive cost variance indicates the project is under-budget and a negative cost variance indicates the project is over-budget. As such, this project is over-budget and behind schedule. SPI: Schedule Performance Index

Based on the performance measures indicated in the following table, what is the schedule variance (SV) for case 3? ADD PICTURE Case_____PV______AC_______EV __1___$10,000___$8,000___$10,000 __2___$12,000___$10,000___$11,000 __3___$10,000___$8,000___$9,000 __4___$10,000___$8,000___$8,000 A. -1,000 B. 1,000 C. 2,000 D. -2,000

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 110, #4 Answer: A Schedule variance (SV) = earned value (EV) - planned value (PV) $9,000 - $10,000 = ($1,000)

A cost performance index (CPI) of 0.8 suggests the project is: A. Under-budget to date B. Over-budget to date C. On budget D. None of the above are correct

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 110, #5 Answer: B A CPI of one indicates the project is right on budget. A CPI less than one indicates the project is over budget and a CPI greater than one indicates the project is under budget. A CPI of 0.8 indicates the project is 20% over budget. CPI: Cost Performance Index

Which formula is used to calculate EAC? A. AC + BAC - EV B. AC / EV C. ETC - AC D. BAC - CPI

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 110, #6 Answer: A There are three formulas to calculate the estimate at completion (EAC): EAC = AC + BAC - EV EAC = BAC/CPI EAC = AC + ETC AC: Actual Cost BAC: Budget at completion CPI: Cost Performance Index EAC: Estimate at completion ETC: Estimate to Complete EV: Earned Value

The $450,000 project is 75% complete as of month six. The budget was allocated at $50,000 per month for nine months and the invoices paid-to-date are $325,000. What is the TCPI of this project? A. 0.9 B. 1.11 C. ($12,500) D. $12,500

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 110, #7 Answer: A TCPI = (BAC - EV) / (BAC - AC) BAC = $450,000 EV = $337,500 AC = $325,000 TCPI = ($450,000 - $337,000) / ($450,000 - $325,000) TCPI = $112,500 / $125,000 TCPI = 0.9 AC: Actual Cost BAC: Budget at completion EV: Earned Value TCPI: To-complete Performance Index

The kitchen remodel project for the Jones family appears to be running behind. As the project manager, you evaluate the construction team's work performance information. Based on the information you receive, the $30,000 project appears to be about 40% complete. Work billed to date was $10,000 although the project budget indicates that the anticipated costs were to be $12,000 by this date. When you follow-up with the construction team lead, he estimates that there will be approximately $15,000 in remaining costs. The EAC for this project is: A. $28,000 B. $37,000 C. $25,000 D. $22,500

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 111, #10 Answer: C In reading the scenario, there is no indication of an unexpected cost variance. As such the formula for EAC will be EAC = AC + ETC. AC = $10,000 ETC = $15,000 (the remaining costs) EAC = $10,000 + $15,000 = $25,000 AC: Actual Cost EAC: Estimate at completion ETC: Estimate to Complete

The kitchen remodel project for the Jones family appears to be running behind. As the project manager, you evaluate the construction team's work performance information. Based on the information you receive, the $30,000 project appears to be about 40% complete. Work billed to date was $10,000 although the project budget indicates that the anticipated costs were to be $12,000 by this date. When you follow-up with the construction team lead, he estimates that there will be approximately $15,000 in remaining costs. The status of the project is: A. Ahead of schedule and under budget B. On schedule and under budget C. Behind schedule and over budget D. Behind schedule and on budget

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 111, #11 Answer: B BAC = $30,000 EV = $12,000 AC = $10,000 PV = $12,000 CV = EV - AC = $12,000 - $10,000 = $2,000 (the project is under budget) SV = EV - PV = $12,000 - $12,000 = 0 (the project is on schedule) AC: Actual Cost BAC: Budget at completion EV: Earned Value PV: Planned Value SV: Schedule Variance

The process redesign project has been underway for six months and appears to be making good progress. However, to complete your quarterly review, you conduct an earned value analysis. This is a 12 month project with a budget of $50,000. The budget is allocated at $12,500 each quarter. Based on the status reports received the project is 60% complete and billed costs are $40,000. It appears that the project is over budget so you talk to the lead analyst. She tells you that there was an unexpected software cost during the 2nd moth of the project of $7,000 (included in the 40,000 above). A good portion of the project costs that will be billed will be resource costs (approximately 300 hours at a loaded resource rate of $80/hr). The SV and SPI for this project are: A. (10,000) and .75 B. .75 and (10,000) C. 5,000 and 1.2 D. (5,000) and 1.2

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 111, #12 Answer: C BAC = 50,000 EV = $30,000 PV = $25,000 ($12,500 x two quarters / 6 months) SV = EV - PV = $30,000 - $25,000 = $5,000 SPI = EV / PV = $30,000 / $25,000 = 1.2 BAC: Budget at completion EV: Earned Value PV: Planned Value SPI: Schedule Performance Index SV: Schedule Variance

The cost performance index (CPI) is calculated as follows: A. Divide the earned value (EV) by the actual cost (AC) B. Divide the earned value (EV) by the planned value (PV) C. Subtract the actual cost (AC) from the earned value (EV) D. Subtract the planned value (PV) from the earned value (EV)

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 111, #8 Answer: A CPI = EV/AC AC: Actual Cost CPI: Cost Performance Index EV: Earned Value

If the planned value (PV) is $275,000 and the earned value (EV) is $300,000, the schedule variance (SV) is: A. $25,000 B. -$25,000 C. $125,000 D. $575,000

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 111, #9 Answer: A SV = EV - PV SV = $300,000 - $275,000 = $25,000 EV: Earned Value PV: Planned Value SV: Schedule Variance

The process redesign project has been underway for six months and appears to be making good progress. However, to complete your quarterly review, you conduct an earned value analysis. This is a 12 month project with a budget of $50,000. The budget is allocated at $12,500 each quarter. Based on the status reports received the project is 60% complete and billed costs are $40,000. It appears that the project is over budget so you talk to the lead analyst. She tells you that there was an unexpected software cost during the 2nd moth of the project of $7,000 (included in the 40,000 above). A good portion of the project costs that will be billed will be resource costs (approximately 300 hours at a loaded resource rate of $80/hr). The CV and CPI for this project are: A. (10,000) and .75 B. .75 and (10,000) C. 5,000 and 1.2 D. (5,000) and 1.2

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 112, #13 Answer: A BAC = $50,000 EV = $30,000 AC = $40,000 CV = EV - AC = $30,000 - $40,000 = ($10,000) CV = EV / AC = $30,000 / $40,000 = 0.75 AC: Actual Cost BAC: Budget at completion CV: Cost Variance EV: Earned Value

You have just started in your new role in the PMO and one of your first assignments is to evaluate a technical development project to determine if the project is on time and within budget. Upon review of relevant project documentation, you find that the costs to date have been $180,000, the project is a 16-month project, and that after six months of work they are 25% complete. The overall budget for the project is $300,000, with the following allocation: IMAGE Month--------------2-----4-----6------8-------10-----12-----14-----16 Periodic Budget---10K---15K---45K---60K---40K---50K---70K---10K When you review the project with the project manager, she tells you that they were intending to use an inside resource for all of the programming, but the individual left the company. The programmer they are now using is from a contracting firm and as such, the resource rate for him went from $40/hr to $120/hr. Because programming was the majority of the work needed for the project, this will continue to affect the costs on the project. The SV and SPI for this project are: A. (5,000) and 1.07 B. (105,000) and .42 C. 1.07 and 5,000 D. 5,000 and 1.07

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 112, #14 Answer: D BAC = $300,000 EV = $75,000 PV = $70,000 (cumulative PV through period 6) SV = EV - PV = $75,000 - $70,000 = $5,000 SPI = EV / PV = $75,000 / $70,000 = 1.07 BAC: Budget at completion EV: Earned Value PV: Planned Value SPI: Schedule Performance Index SV: Schedule Variance

You have just started in your new role in the PMO and one of your first assignments is to evaluate a technical development project to determine if the project is on time and within budget. Upon review of relevant project documentation, you find that the costs to date have been $180,000, the project is a 16-month project, and that after six months of work they are 25% complete. The overall budget for the project is $300,000, with the following allocation: IMAGE Month--------------2-----4-----6------8-------10-----12-----14-----16 Periodic Budget---10K---15K---45K---60K---40K---50K---70K---10K When you review the project with the project manager, she tells you that they were intending to use an inside resource for all of the programming, but the individual left the company. The programmer they are now using is from a contracting firm and as such, the resource rate for him went from $40/hr to $120/hr. Because programming was the majority of the work needed for the project, this will continue to affect the costs on the project. The ETC for this project is: A. $275,000 B. $220,000 C. $534,000 D. $500,000

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 112, #15 Answer: C Based on the scenario, there is a typical variance. To calculate the ETC, start with calculating the EAC and subtract the AC. BAC = $300,000 EV = $75,000 AC = $180,000 CPI = EV / AC = $75,000 / $180,000 = 0.42 EAC = BAC / CPI = $300,000 / 0.42 = $714,285 ETC = EAC - AC = $714,285 - $180,000 = $534,285 (round up to $534,300) AC: Actual Cost BAC: Budget at completion EAC: Estimate at completion ETC: Estimate to Complete EV: Earned Value EVM: Earned Value Management

Vocabulary: A method of identifying the causes of differences between the baseline and the actual performance

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #1 Answer: Variance analysis

Vocabulary: A comparison of the earned value (EV) and the actual cost (AC)

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #10 Answer: Cost performance index

Vocabulary: The difference between the earned value (EV) and the actual cost (AC) as of the status date

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #11 Answer: Cost variance

Vocabulary: A projection of the amount of budget deficit or surplus, expressed as the difference between the budget at completion and the estimate at completion

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #12 Answer: Variance at completion

Vocabulary: A comparison of the earned value (EV) and the planned value (PV)

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #13 Answer: Schedule performance index

Vocabulary: The forecasted amount of project spending for the remainder of the project

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #14 Answer: Estimate to complete

Vocabulary: The forecasted amount of total project spending

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #2 Answer: Estimate at completion

Vocabulary: The planned project spending upon completion of the project

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #3 Answer: Budget at completion

Vocabulary: The total costs actually incurred during a given time period

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #4 Answer: Actual cost

Vocabulary: A comparison of the work remaining to the funds remaining

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #5 Answer: To-Complete Performance Index

Vocabulary: The authorized budget assigned to the work that will be accomplished as of the status date

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #6 Answer: Planned Value

Vocabulary: A management methodology where performance is measured by determining the planned and actual value of the work and comparing it to the earned value of the work

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #7 Answer: Earned value management

Vocabulary: The difference between the earned value (EV) and the planned value (PV) as of the status date

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #8 Answer: Schedule variance

Vocabulary: The value of the work already performed on the project

Workbook, Lesson 12, page 113, #9 Answer: Earned value

Inherent risk

_________ is the first thing to consider when deciding whether or not an activity can be crashed.

Fast-tracking

____________ is the rearranging of the project network logic so that critical activities are done in parallel rather than sequentially.

If resources are not adequate to meet peak demands, the resulting reschedule is termed a. Resource-constrained scheduling. b. Time-constrained scheduling. c. Mandatory leveling. d. Project resource adjustment. e. Allocation.

In a resource-constrained project the second priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the a. Smallest duration. b. Least slack. c. Most slack. d. Lowest identification number. e. Highest cost.

Jim receives the following information on his project: PV = 1000, EV = 1200, AC = 800, BAC = 2000, EAC = 1333. How is the project doing in terms of schedule? a. More work has been done than planned b. There is not enough information to draw a conclusion c. The same amount of work has been done than planned d. Less work has been done than planned e. The project has cost less than planned

Nancy tells her supervisor that as of right now, $1.05 worth of work has been accomplished for each $1 worth of scheduled work. Nancy got this information from viewing the a. SPI. b. SV. c. PCIB. d. TCPI. e. CPI.

Sally receives the following information on her project: PV = 100, AC = 75, EV = 100. How well is the project doing in terms of budget? a. 25 under budget b. 50 under budget c. 25 over budget d. 50 over budget e. Right on budget

The final step in the project control process for measuring and evaluating project performance is to a. Take appropriate action. b. Measure progress and performance. c. Review spending with team members. d. Follow up on corrective action. e. Prepare a report to top management.

When a company will reduce the number of projects they have to manage internally to only core projects and send noncritical projects to contractors and consulting firms is called a. Outsourcing. b. Redistribution of projects. c. Project allocation. d. Task sharing. e. Referring.

When someone familiar with each task estimates what percent of the task has been completed or how much of the task remains, they are creating a method for assigning costs to the baseline called the a. Percent complete rule. b. Task complete rule. c. Work complete rule. d. 0/100 percent rule. e. Degree complete rule.

Which of the following are required to assess the current status of a project using the earned-value cost/schedule system? a. PV, EV, and AC b. TCPI, EV, and PV c. CV, SV, and BAC d. BAC, EAC, and ETC e. VAC, EAC, and BAC

Resource leveling or smoothing can have all the following results on a project EXCEPT

a longer project duration.

The earned value system starts with the time-phased costs that provide the project baseline, the project baseline is called the a) Planned budgeted value of work scheduled b) Planned budgeted value of work completed c) Earned value of work scheduled d) Scheduled value of work scheduled e) Scheduled value of work completed

a) Planned budgeted value of work scheduled

A tool used to monitor past project schedule performance and current performance, and to estimate future schedule trends is a simple line chart known as a a) Project control chart b) Gantt chart c) PERT chart d) Network diagram e) Milestone chart

a) Project control chart

Denna just received the following information on her project: PV=200, EV=300, AC=250, BAC=1500, EAC=1208. In terms of completion, a) The project will currently finish under budget b) The project will currently finish over budget c) The project will currently finish on budget d) The project will currently be finished behind schedule e) There is insufficient information to draw conclusions

a) The project will currently finish under budget

Being an effective ___ for the project you are on will help establish loyalty among team members.

advocate

The essential qualities of an effective vision include all of the following EXCEPT

all team members should have the same vision.

These are all guidelines a project manager should consider when EXCEPT

always assign the best people to the most difficult tasks.

The ________ section of the final project report includes succinct, factual review statements of the project such as, project mission and objectives, procedures and systems used, and organizational resources used.

analysis

When a project manager imposes a solution to the conflict after listening to each party, he or she is ___ the conflict.

arbitrating

A CPI or SPI value less than one indicates that the project is a. Under cost or behind schedule. b. Over cost or behind schedule. c. Under cost or ahead of schedule. d. Over cost or ahead of schedule. e. On cost or on schedule.

A project manager learns that the project is only earning $.90 of planned work for each dollar spent by looking at the a. BAC. b. CPI. c. EV. d. SPI. e. SV.

A project manager notices that $1,000 worth of work that was scheduled to be completed at this time has not been accomplished. They know this by looking at the a. EV. b. SV. c. EAC. d. TCPI. e. PCIB.

Project budgets are developed by time-phasing which of the following? a. Resource schedules b. Work packages c. The network diagram d. Critical activities e. None of these are time-phased to develop a project budget

The value that tells you the planned value of work that has actually been completed is the a. SV. b. EV. c. PV. d. AC. e. CV.

Jacob receives the following information on her project: PV=100, AC=75, EV=100. How well is the project doing in terms of budget? a) Right on budget b) 25 under budget c) 25 over budget d) 50 under budget e) 50 over budget

b) 25 under budget

Which of the following are required to assess the current status of a project using the earned-value cost/schedule system? a) BAC, EAC, and ETC b) VAC, EAC, and BAC c) CV, SV, and BAC d) PV, EV, and AC e) TCPI, EV, and PV

b) VAC, EAC, and BAC

Which of the following methods will measure the scheduling efficiency of the work accomplished to date? a. AC/CV b. EV/PV c. EV/AC d. SV/CV e. AC/SV

One of the ways to allow others to build trust in you is to

behave in a consistent manner.

Without a time-phased __________ good project schedule and cost control are impossible.

budget

A project team gets things done without having to go through normal protocols of the parent organization. This is an example of _____________.

bureaucratic bypass syndrome

A project monitoring system involves all of the following EXCEPT a. Analysis of the data. b. Reporting current progress. c. Adjusting the data. d. Determining what data to collect. e. Determining how, when, and who will collect the data.

The earned value of a project is the a. Project cost to date adjusted for project scope changes. b. Cost incurred minus the planned cost. c. Percent of the original budget that has been earned by actual work. d. Total project cost to date. e. The planned time-phased baseline of the value of work scheduled.

The schedule variance for a project is calculated by: a. AC - SV b. EV - AC c. EV - PV d. PV - EV e. CV - EV

Which of the following methods will measure the cost efficiency of the work accomplished to date? a. AC/CV b. AC/SV c. EV/AC d. EV/PV e. SV/CV

Which performance index is the most potentially misleading? a. CV b. CPI c. SV d. EAC e. EV

Which of the following methods will measure the cost efficiency of the work accomplished to date? a) SV/CV b) EV/PV c) EV/AC d) AC/SV e) AC/CV

c) EV/AC

Projects in process may need to be altered or canceled. Thus, a project may start with a high priority but see its rank erode or crash during its project life cycle as conditions change. This is called __________.

changed priority

The _________ of projects by characteristics allows prospective readers, teams, and project managers to be selective in the search and use of report content

classification

Project success or failure often is reliant upon the contributions of all of the following groups of stakeholders EXCEPT

competitors.

Project managers should be ________ giving team members feedback throughout the project so that individual team members can have a pretty good idea how well they have performed and how the manager feels before the formal meeting.

constantly

When project managers reduce the intensity of the conflict by smoothing over differences or interjecting humor when dysfunctional conflict arises, they are attempting to ___ the conflict.

control

The direct cost for completing an activity as early as possible is called its ________ cost.

crash

Reducing the duration of an activity is called ________.

crashing

The cost-time crashing method relies on choosing the cheapest method for reducing the duration of the project. What are other factors that should be assessed beyond simply cost?

critical activities that can be shortened with the smallest increase in cost per unit of time. Normal time for an activity represents low-cost, realistic, effi- cient methods for completing the activity under normal conditions.

One way of reducing project costs is identifying tasks that _________ can do themselves.

customers

A tool used to monitor past project schedule performance and current performance, and to estimate future schedule trends is a simple line chart known as a a. Gantt chart. b. Milestone chart. c. Network diagram. d. Project control chart. e. PERT chart.

In monitoring project time (schedule) performance, actual performance should be compared to a. Progress on similar past projects. b. Budgets for the current year. c. Top management's targets. d. Project network schedule derived from the WBS/OBS. e. Previous status reports.

Resource leveling or smoothing can have all the following results on a project EXCEPT a. Lower peak resource demand. b. Reduced resource need over the life of the project. c. Reduced fluctuations in resource demand. d. A longer project duration. e. A more sensitive network.

Resources are adequate, but demand varies widely over the life of the project. Delaying noncritical activities to lower peak demand on resources is known as resource a. Shifting. b. Effectiveness. c. Manipulating. d. Smoothing. e. Allocation.

The earned value system starts with the time-phased costs that provide the project baseline, which is called the a. Scheduled value of work completed. b. Planned budgeted value of work completed. c. Scheduled value of work scheduled. d. Planned budgeted value of work scheduled. e. Earned value of work scheduled.

The third step in the project control process for measuring and evaluating project performance is to a. Measure both progress and performance. b. Review spending with team members. c. Review the baseline plan with top management. d. Compare the plan against actual performance. e. Analyze inputs to the control system.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding scope creep? a. Project suppliers resent frequent changes b. Scope changes can represent significant opportunity c. It wears down team motivation and cohesiveness d. It commonly occurs late in projects e. It is frequently unnoticed until time delays or cost overruns are observed

The second step in the project control process for measuring and evaluating project performacne is to a) Review the baseline plan with top management b) Analyze inputs to control system c) Compare plan against actual d) Measure progress and performance e) Review spending with team members

d) Measure progress and performance

A CPI or SPI value less than one indicates that the project is a) Under cost or behind schedule b) Over cost or ahead of schedule c) Under cost or ahead of schedule d) Over cost or behind schedule e) On cost or on schedule

d) Over cost or behind schedule

The earned value of a project is the a) Project cost to date adjusted for project scope changes b) Total project cost to date c) Cost incurred minus the planned cost d) Percent of the original budget that has been earned by actual work e) The planned time-phased baseline of the value of work scheduled

d) Percent of the original budget that has been earned by actual work

Samantha tells her supervisor that as of right now, $1.05 worth of work has been accomplished for each $1 worth of scheduled work. Samantha got this information from viewing the a) SV b) TCPI c) CPI d) SPI e) PCIB

d) SPI

Which of the following methods of variance analysis is the best indicator of how far off the budget a project will be at completion? a) BAC b) EAC c) ETC d) VAC e) TCPI

d) VAC

When a project is classified as resource-constrained and a resource constraint exists, the project duration is typically __________.

delayed

Mapping ___ helps identify those on whom the project depends for success.

dependencies

Challenges to managing geographically distributed team are

developing trust and effective communication

The largest source of tension between project managers and upper management typically come from

differences of perspective.

Costs such as labor, materials, equipment, or contractors are examples of ________ project costs.

direct

A ___________ Gantt chart is a simple and effective way to depict progress on a project. a. Simple b. Control c. Variance d. Baseline e. Tracking

Baseline project budgets are derived from a. The total direct, direct project overhead and G&A overhead costs. b. The organization's overall budget. c. The earned value system. d. Top management directions. e. Time-phasing the work packages.

Most of the scheduling methods available today require the project manager to classify the project as either _______ constrained or ______ constrained. a. Time, quality b. Quality, resource c. Cost, time d. Quality, cost e. Time, resource

Of the following costs, which are NOT included in baseline? a. Suppliers b. Equipment c. Contractors d. Labor e. Budget reserves

The cost variance for a project is calculated by a. CV - EV. b. PV - EV. c. AC - SV. d. EV - PV. e. EV - AC.

The first step in the project control process for measuring and evaluating project performance is to a. Review the project priority matrix. b. Determine the project deliverables. c. Analyze the project budget. d. Determine the project objectives. e. Set a baseline plan.

The indicator that tells you the amount each remaining dollar must earn in order for the project to stay within budget is the a. PCIC. b. SPI. c. VAC. d. CPI. e. TCPI.

The second step in the project control process for measuring and evaluating project performance is to a. Compare plan against actual. b. Review spending with team members. c. Review the baseline plan with top management. d. Analyze inputs to control system. e. Measure progress and performance.

Which of the following methods of variance analysis is the best indicator of how far off the budget a project will be at completion? a. EAC b. TCPI c. BAC d. ETC e. VAC

The scheduled variance for a project is calculated by a) EV-AC b) AC-SV c) PV-EV d) CV-EV e) EV-PV

e) EV-PV

When someone familiar with each task estimates what percent of the task has been completed or how much of the task remains, they are creating a method for assigning costs to the baseline called the a) 0/100 percent rule b) Task complete rule c) Degree complete rule d) Work complete rule e) Percent complete rule

e) Percent complete rule

The indicator that tells you the amount each remaining dollar must earn in order for the project to stay within budget is the a) PCIC b) VAC c) CPI d) SPI e) TCPI

e) TCPI

The ability or skill to perceive, assess and manage the emotions of one's self and others is called ____ intelligence.

emotional

A special truck that George needs on his project has been scheduled on another project. This is an example of what type of resource constraint?

equipment

If three copiers are needed to produce a final report on time and only two are available, the project is facing a(n) ________ type of resource constraint

equipment

If three copiers are needed to produce a final report on time and only two are available, the project is facing a(n) ________ type of resource constraint.

equipment

To provide greater clarity to business ____, many companies and professional groups publish a code of conduct.

ethics

The summary simply highlights the key findings and facts relating to the project implementation is called the ___________.

executive summary

T or F: A lack of readily available engineers is a technical constraint.

T or F: Since resource leveling or smoothing delays noncritical activities, a common result is a decrease in network sensitivity.

T or F: Splitting is a scheduling technique used to get a better schedule or better resource utilization and should be used without hesitation.

____________ are usually easy to identify and easy for a review group to close down

failed project

Using properly established and well maintained professional relationships within a project, a project manager can be the ___ for information on the project.

focal point

Using properly established and well maintained professional relationships within a project, a project manager can be the __________ for information on the project.

focal point

In scheduling resource-constrained projects, _________ are typically used rather than optimum mathematical solutions.

heuristics

The first step in facilitating group decision making is to

identify the problem.

Team meetings, co-location of team members, team names, and team rituals are common vehicles when establishing a team

identity.

imposed

Because direct costs are assumed to be developed from normal methods and in a normal amount of time, any reduction in activity time should ________ the cost of the activity.

increase

Overhead costs such as supervision, administration, consultants, and interest are examples of ________ project costs.

indirect

All of the following are types of resource constraints EXCEPT

information.

The most common reason given for not creating lessons learned is _________.

lack of time

A highly visible, interactive management style is when the project manager's behavior symbolizes how other people should work on the project. This is call ____ by example.

leading

A highly visible, interactive management style is when the project manager's behavior symbolizes how other people should work on the project. This is called __________ by example.

leading

When scheduling activities in a resource-constrained project, typically the activity scheduled first has the __________ amount of slack.

least

In a resource-constrained project, the first priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the

least slack.

The less steep the cost slope of an activity, the ___ it costs to shorten one time period.

less

Perhaps _________ are the most valuable contribution of the closure process

lesson learned

Delaying noncritical activities to lower peak demand, and thus, increase resource utilization is called resource ____.

leveling or smoothing

A reasonable, quick comparison between options for compressing activity times is based upon a ___ assumption.

linear

Managers spend the majority of their time outside their offices in the ___ style of management.

management by wandering around (MBWA)

Intense global competition and rapid technological advances combine to create a(n) ________-imposed project duration date.

market

The shortage of computer chips to produce a circuit board is an example of a(n) ________ type of resource constraint.

material

The shortage of computer chips to produce a circuit board is an example of a(n) ________ type of resource constraint.

materials

In some ____________, project managers conduct the performance reviews, while area managers are responsible for pay reviews

matrix organization

_________ are binary; either you have reached requirements completion or you have not

milestones

Scheduling activities in a constrained project typically has ________ as the top heuristic rule.

minimum slack

Jan is trying to reallocate resources in a time-constrained project to create smoother resource utilization. She should first identify activities with the ____.

most slack

During the ________ stage of group development, close relationships develop and the group demonstrates cohesiveness.

norming

A side-effect of lack of trust is in other party is

often expensing extra effort to understand true meaning of communications.

Many companies are using ________ from contractors and consultants as a means of dealing with the peaks and valleys of resource allocation among projects

outsourcing

Sometimes very high ________ costs are recognized before a project begins and reducing these costs through shorter project duration becomes a high priority.

overhead

Sometimes very high ________ costs are recognized before a project begins and reducing these costs through shorter project durations becomes a high priority.

overhead

The ________ is the most widely used approach to apply heuristic rules to scheduling activities in a constrained project

parallel method

The ______________ is the most widely used approach to apply heuristics in resource-constrained projects.

parallel method

A shortage of programmers to write software is an example of a(n) ___ type of resource constraint.

people

A shortage of programmers to write software is an example of a(n) ________ type of resource constraint.

people

different kinds of resource constraints

people material equipment

The purpose of ____________ is to assess how well the project team, team members, and project manager performed.

performance evaluation

A project closure is considered ________ if it never seems to end due to constant "add-ons" in attempt to improve the project outcome.

perpetual

physical

Trying to renovate a ship compartment that is too small for more than one person is an example of a(n) ________ constraint.

physical

A project cost baseline is also called __________.

planned vale

A project cost baseline is also called __________.

planned value

A project cost baseline is also called __________.

planned value (PV)

All leveling techniques delay noncritical activities by using ________ to reduce peak demand.

positive slack

The project may be completed early with some parts of the project eliminated is known as _________.

premature

When project managers take action before it is needed to prevent small concerns from escalating into major problems they are being __

proactive.

Creation of the ___________ graph keeps the importance of indirect costs in the forefront of decision making.

project cost-duration

A __________ is a guide who leads the project team through an analysis of project activities that went well, what needs improvement, and development of a follow-up action plan with goals and accountability.

project facilitator

A key to being able to effectively persuade superiors is

proving loyalty.

To provide greater clarity to business ethics, many companies and professional groups

publish a code of conduct.

In scheduling resource-constrained projects, _________ are typically used rather than optimum mathematical solutions.

realistic

The ________ section of the final project report are often technical in nature and focus on solutions to problems that surfaced.

recommendation

Experienced project managers recognize the need to build ___ before they need them.

relationships

Experienced project managers recognize the need to build __________ before they need them.

relationships

Beth has two engineers assigned to her project and cannot get any more even if it means slipping the due date on her project. She is managing a(n) ________ constrained project.

resource

Delaying noncritical activities to lower peak demand and, thus, increase resource utilization is called _______ leveling.

resource

Having one person responsible for performing several activities, all due at the same time, is an example of a(n) _____ constraint

resource

Having one person responsible for performing several activities, all due at the same time, is an example of a(n) ________ constraint

resource

Having one person responsible for performing several activities, all due at the same time, is an example of a(n) ________ constraint.

resource

In reviewing the status of her project with top management, Shirley was told that there are only two programmers that she can use for her project. Her project is classified as __________ constrained.

resource

In scheduling terms, ________ constrained means that a specific resource is fixed and the duration of the project is flexible.

resource

There are fewer options available for reducing project time if you are __________________ than if you can spend more than your original budget.

resource constrained

A ________ is a methodology that analyzes a past project event to determine what worked and what didn't, develops lessons learned, and creates an action plan that ensures lessons learned are used to improve management of future projects

retrospective

When leveling schedules to overcome resource constraints, ___________ is increased

scheduling complexity

A project that has several near-critical or critical paths is said to be

sensitive

Since resource leveling or smoothing delays noncritical activities, a common result is an increase in network ___.

sensitivity

An activities ___ is calculated by dividing the rise by the run.

slope

An activity's ________ is calculated by dividing the rise by the run.

slope

When project managers know an activity's ________, they are able to compare which critical activities to shorten.

slope or crash cost per unit

In a resource-constrained project the second priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the

smallest duration.

Resources are adequate, but demand varies widely over the life of the project. Delaying noncritical activities to lower peak demand on resources is known as resource

smoothing

A completed ___________ is a good example of the need to work out the details in advance.

software program

Start-up and shutdown costs are major considerations when using the ________________ scheduling technique

splitting

When using the ________ scheduling technique, the work in an activity is interrupted to work on another activity and is then resumed at a later point in time

splitting

When the work in an activity is interrupted to work on another activity and is then resumed at a later point in time, it is called ____

splitting or multitasking

When the work in an activity is interrupted to work on another activity and is then resumed at a later point in time, it is called _________.

splitting or multitasking

Startup and shutdown costs are major considerations when using the ________________ scheduling technique.

splitting/multitasking

When a team is able to use identified individual talents to meet a projects given needs is a common characteristic of

synergy.

T or F: A lack of readily available engineers is a resource constraint.

T or F: If resources are truly limited and activity time estimates are accurate, the resource-constrained schedule will materialize as the project is implemented, not the time-constrained schedule.

T or F: Resource bottlenecks are one of the three more common problems encountered in managing multiproject resource schedules.

T or F: Since resource leveling or smoothing delays noncritical activities, a common result is a increase in network sensitivity.

T or F: Splitting is a scheduling technique used to get a better schedule or better resource utilization and should be avoided as much as possible.

T or F: To determine if a project is time-constrained or resource-constrained you would consult the project priority matrix.

T or F: When resource constraints are added to technical constraints the original project network may change as well as the completion date.

A(n) ________ constraint addresses the sequence in which project activities must occur.

technical

When developing a new software package, logically, the software must be designed before the code it written, and the code must be written before it is tested. These activities are dependent on each other by ___ constraints.

technical

list types of project constraints

technical physical resource

In order that the new product is on the shelf for the Christmas buying season, the development of the new product would be classified as a(n) ________ -constrained project

time

In order that the new product is on the shelf for the Christmas buying season, the development of the new product would be classified as a(n) ________ -constrained project.

time

In order that the new product is on the shelf for the Christmas buying season, the development of the new product would be classified as a(n) ________ constrained project

time

In scheduling terms, ________ constrained means that project duration is fixed and resources are flexible

time

Research consistently points out that project success is strongly affected by the degree to which a project has the support of

top management.

The ________ project cost is the sum of the indirect and direct costs.

total

The key to exercising influence is to build

trust.

While some conflict can be beneficial, the absence of conflict can mask

useful information.

Members who are geographically situated so that they may never be able to meet face-to-face would be a characteristic of a ___ project team.

virtual

When a project team will only consider a couple of solutions and ignore alternatives, this is ___ which is a symptom of Groupthink.

whitewash of critical thinking

Direct costs are assignable directly to a particular ________.

work package

A schedule for reducing project staff been developed and accepted is a question that is asked in the completion of the ___________.

quiz3

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