Quizbowl Practice

Laurence Housman created illustrations for this poem, which compares one character to "a royal virgin town / Topped with gilded dome and spire." That character recalls the cautionary tale of Jeanie, who "dwindled and grew gray" until she died after indulging in "joys brides hope to have." After resisting the title characters, this poem's Christ figure tells her sibling to kiss her face, which is covered in "pulp" and "dew," in order to cure her lifelessness. Impelled by the repetition of "come buy," one character trades a lock of her golden hair to the title characters in order to feast on delicious fruit. *For 10 points, name this poem about Laura and Lizzie's encounter with a sinister group of animalistic merchants, by Christina Rossetti.*

"*Goblin Market*" <The above question is for the category Literature>

A critic from this country identified its greatest narrative poem as Brébeuf (bray-BUF) and his Brethren by E. J. Pratt. That critic from this country wrote that its early literature is distinguished by the need to build a bulwark against the world and the imagination, which he called a "garrison mentality." Another critic wrote that the central character of this nation's literature is the victim, and she outlined four "Victim Positions" in her book Survival. The Bush Garden is by a critic from this country, Northrop Frye. In a novel from this country, the protagonist sees her friend Moira at a brothel called Jezebel's, and women's ranks are designated by the color of their clothes. The Commander plays Scrabble with Offred in that novel from here, The Handmaid's Tale. *For 10 points, name this home of Margaret Atwood.*

*Canada* <The above question is for the category Literature American>

Martin Gardner argued that John Tenniel was given the option of drawing a character with this profession as a baronet or a butterfly because both words fit the meter of the poem in which he appears, thus refuting religious interpretations of that character. Another character with this occupation marries Dinah after his first love is convicted of murder for leaving the love-child that she conceived with Arthur in a field outside Hayslope. This is the profession of a George Eliot hero who falls in love with Hetty Sorrel named Adam Bede. A character with this occupation says "You've had a pleasant run!" to a set of oysters that he has eaten with his companion, with whom he discusses "cabbages and kings." *For 10 points, identify this profession of the Walrus's companion in a Lewis Carroll poem.*

*Carpenter* <The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare>

The life of a poet from this city is depicted with paper-cut puppets in No Blue Memories; that play is by two other poets from this city, Nate Marshall and Eve Ewing. A poet from this city wondered whether a dream could "sing an aria down these rooms" in a poem that ends "We think of lukewarm water, hope to get in it." Another poet depicted this city "with lifted head singing so proud to be alive" in a section that begins, "They tell me you are wicked and I believe them." This city's Bronzeville neighborhood is the setting of Annie Allen by Gwendolyn Brooks. The first poem from a collection about this city describes it as a "Player with Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler." *For 10 points, name this city described as "Hog Butcher of the World" and "City of the Big Shoulders" by Carl Sandburg.*

*Chicago*, Illinois <The above question is for the category Literature American>

In a scene in this novel, a kind man offers to buy the protagonist's bus ticket while he waits in line, but by the time he discovers that tickets are sold on the bus, the man has run off with his money. Later, the protagonist of this novel gets lectured about "sick" and "crippled" people whose "eyes are hardly closed on the pillow before they must stand up again" because of a bus boycott by the politician Dubula. In this novel, a man addressed by the title "umfundisi" (oom-foon-DEESS) goes to pray as the sun rises before his son's execution for killing Arthur Jarvis. That protagonist of this novel is asked to help with Absalom's situation by a letter from fellow priest Theophilus Msimangu (thee-OFF-uh-luss mm-see-MAHN-goo). *For 10 points, name this novel that follows Reverend Stephen Kumalo through Johannesburg in search of his son, by Alan Paton.*

*Cry, The Beloved Country* <The above question is for the category Literature World>

Hydrocarbons are ordered based on the "adiabatic" temperature at which this condition occurs. According to the NFPA rating system, the red number represents susceptibility to this condition. A common test for either the presence of hydrogen gas or oxygen gas involves introducing this condition. Atomic emission spectroscopy relies on the emission spectra produced when this is introduced to various metals, causing a red color for lithium and a yellow color for sodium; that's called its namesake "test". Robert Bunsen invented a lab device used to create it. *For 10 points, name this form of ionized plasma that results from combustion reactions.*

*Fire* [or *flames*] <The above question is for the category HS Science>

Walter Baade was so pissed at Rudolph Minkowski for dissing his theory about this process occurring in Cygnus A that he bet $1,000, then a case of whiskey, and finally a bottle of whiskey, that he was right about it. Groundbreaking simulations of this process by Toomre & Toomre showed the presence of tidal tails. The blue ring-shaped rim around the Cartwheel formation resulted from this process creating a compressional wave that is driving intense star formation. The best evidence for dark matter is provided by an example of it in the Bullet Cluster. The distinctive shape of the Mice and Antennae galaxies is due to them undergoing this process. *For 10 points, name this type of astronomical event that will occur in four billionty years between the Milky Way and Andromeda.*

*Galaxy collisions* [or *galaxy interactions*; or *tidal interactions*] <The above question is for the category Science>

This god refused to move for his brother, instead offering to let him jump over him. He avoided Surasa, the mother of serpents, by changing his size. This god was the subject of the Chalisa poem by Tulsidas, who was inspired to translate an epic by meeting this god. This god was able to jump from India to Sri Lanka in one jump. While a child, this god was hit in the jaw by a thunderbolt thrown by Indra; that was because this god tried to eat the sun, which he thought was a fruit. After killing Akshay Kumar, this god's tail was set on fire. This god, who retrieved a healing herb by lifting an entire mountain, allowed Sita to be rescued by Rama. *For 10 points, name this monkey god in the Ramayana.*

*Hanuman* <The above question is for the category RMP Non-Greek/Roman Myth>

This figure is associated with the mystery cult at Samothrace that worships the Cabeiri, who are sometimes known as his sons. Some of his other offspring include the inventor of the flute and a wrestler who defeats everyone he faces and proceeds to kill them. Those two, Ardalus and Cercyon, both came from his relationship with the Thracian nymph Cabiro. One of his more famous offspring became the king of Athens after expelling Amphictyon. That king was Ericthonius, and came from this figure's failed attempt to rape Athena. According to Homer, he had a wife named Aglaea, one of the Graces, but they did not have any children. This might be because of his incredibly grotesque features that also caused Hera to throw him from Mount Olympus. *For 10 points, name this Olympian who created Achilles's armor and the Aegis breastplate, the god of fire and metallurgy famous for being lame.*

*Hephaestus* <The above question is for the category Social Studies>

This civilization's expansion was stopped at the Maule River by the Mapuche. This civilization's public works were powered by the mita labor system. The records of this civilization were kept through a base-ten system of cotton cords called quipu. A civil war between Huascar and his brother led to this civilization's downfall. At the Battle of Cajarmarca, Pizarro killed this civilization's ruler, Atahualpa. *For 10 points, name this Quecha-speaking civilization based in Cuzco, which lived in the Andes and built Machu Picchu.*

*Inca* Civilization <The above question is for the category History>

In 1987, this man was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but it did not end his career, only paused it. As a child, he learned from such works as Verdi's Rigoletto and from recordings of Enrico Caruso an Giuseppe Di Stefano. He made his operatic debut at age 11 singing in a Manuel de Falla work. *For 10 points, name this tenor, probably most famous for his concerts and recordings with Placido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti.*

*Jose Carreras* <The above question is for the category Fine Arts>

In a church in this state in the 1890s, Charles Sheldon preached a sermon that first popularized the question "what would Jesus do?" Legendarily, John Wesley Hardin shot a man in this state just for snoring. This state was where temperance crusader Carrie Nation first began her violent destruction of saloons. It was the primary destination of Exodusters, or African-Americans who migrated westward from the South after the Civil War. While mocking Populism, a local Emporia Gazette article asked the question "what's the matter with" this state in 1896. The northern end of the Chisholm (CHIZZ-um) Trail, which brought Texas cattle north, was always in this state. *For 10 points, name this state, the home of a large stockyard at Abilene (AB-uh-leen).*

*Kansas* [accept "What's the Matter With *Kansas*?"] <The above question is for the category History American (1865-1945)>

Phosphofructokinase-1 is allosterically inhibited by the first intermediate in this pathway. Fatty acids enter this pathway following beta-oxidation. Aspartate can enter this pathway after being catabolized to fumarate. The input to this pathway is generated by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Coenzyme A is separated from acetyl, which is then added to oxaloacetate to form citric acid at the beginning of this pathway, which yields three NADH molecules and occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. The NADH is then sent to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria to complete the process of respiration. *For 10 points, name this cycle that follows glycolysis in aerobic respiration.*

*Krebs cycle* [or *tricarboxylic acid cycle*; or *TCA cycle*; or *citric acid cycle* until "citric acid" is read <The above question is for the category Science>

The hornet moth, the wasp beetle, and the hoverfly are examples of the Mullerian form relative to the common wasp. English Biologist Henry Bates studied similar examples in which palatable butterflies had a survival advantage when they appeared similar to unpalatable butterflies. *For 10 points—name this adaptation for which the resemblance of viceroy butterflies to poisonous monarch butterflies is an example.*

*Mimicry* (accept similar word forms) <The above question is for the category Science>

He suffered several military reversals midway through his reign, including the battle of Fréteval and Courcelles. He negotiated at Gisors with the English king in order to exclude the House of Champagne from royal influence, and this ruler settled a dispute over ownership of Vermandois with the Count of Flanders at the Peace of Boves. He scored a great victory over England at the Treaty of Azay-le-Rideau, signed two days before the death of this man's Angevin rival, Henry II. This man's one-day marriage to Ingeborg of Denmark led to an interdict on his kingdom, but he made great strides by decisively defeating the English king John at Bouvines. *For 10 points, name this French king who went on the Third Crusade during his 1179 to 1223 rule and was nicknamed in reference to a Roman emperor.*

*Philip Augustus* or *Philippe Auguste* or *Philip II* of France <The above question is for the category History>

While holding this position, one man survived an assassination attempt by Jean-Baptiste Sipido and became involved in the Tranby Croft Scandal. This position was officially created by the Treaty of Montgomery. The only native to officially hold this position was known as "the Last," and married the daughter of Simon de Montfort; Edmund Mortimer married the daughter of a later native who claimed this position. The motto of this position is "Ich dien." A person who held this position for only five months later sparked "the Fifteen," and another man could not be elevated to this position until it was certain that Arthur Tudor had not gotten his wife, Catherine of Aragon, pregnant. *For 10 points, name this position that is traditionally held by the heir apparent to the throne of England and is currently occupied by Charles, son of Queen Elizabeth II.*

*Prince* of *Wales* <The above question is for the category History>

The flares of one of these objects named AU Mic have been studied in detail by the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Scientists recently found a rocky planet about twice the size of Earth orbiting Gliese 876, which is one of these objects. These stars lack a radiative zone, meaning that helium does not accumulate at the core and they only die when all hydrogen in the entire star is used up. Stars of this type near Earth include Wolf 359, Barnard's Star, and the closest star to Earth, Proxima Centauri, which cannot be seen without a telescope despite their proximity. *Main sequence stars of K or M class, for 10 points, name this most common type of star in the galaxy, which is heavier than a brown dwarf.*

*Red Dwarfs* <The above question is for the category Science>

People from this place follow the Fa'amatai system. This place appears in the title of a work subtitled "The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth," which Derek Freeman wrote to discredit earlier research done here. One book about this place was written based on field work done on the island of Ta'u and posited that casual sex with multiple partners before marriage led to an easier transition into adulthood for young girls in this location. *For 10 points, name this Polynesian archipelago, in which "Coming of Age" was the topic of a Margaret Mead tome.*

*Samoa* [or *Samoan Islands*; or *Western Samoa*; or *American Samoa*] <The above question is for the category History>

One lake in this state is formed by the Fort Randall Dam and is called Francis Case Lake. This state is the location of the Oahe Dam and Lake Oahe. Both those dams are on the Missouri River while it is in this state. This state's highest point, Harney Peak, is located in place also home to the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally. This state home to Badlands National Park has its southwest covered by the Black Hills. *For 10 points, name this state with cities Sioux Falls and Pierre, which is also the location of Mount Rushmore.*

*South Dakota* <The above question is for the category Geography>

Pentaerythritol (penta-uh-RITH-rih-tall) can serve as a core during the formation of "starburst" examples of one class of these compounds. One of these substances called PNIPA is often studied for its coil-globule transition. An iodine-doped example of these compounds was studied by Shirakawa for its high electrical conductivity. It's not a catalyst, but Grubbs produced a type of these compounds from norbornene using Tebbe's reagent in a "living" type of that synthetic process. Their excluded volume can be treated as zero in theta solvents, and the dispersity index can be used to describe their mass distribution. Formation of these substances usually takes place via the three steps of initiation, elongation, and termination. *For 10 points, name these compounds made of linked monomers.*

*polymers* [prompt on dendrimers] <The above question is for the category Science Chemistry>

Until 1819, many of these places used Thomas Eddy's practice of awarding people a small sum of money called the "overstint." A revolutionary one of these places in Philadelphia opened in 1829, used the "separate system" of operation, and had a single glass skylight that represented the "eye of God." The "Auburn system" of organizing these places emphasized complete silence and forced people to walk in lockstep without looking at each other, while the "Pennsylvania system" encouraged solitary living among occupants. In antebellum America, these places increasingly began to be known by a form of the word "penitent." *For 10 points, name these locations, which include New York's Sing Sing.*

*prison*s [or *jail*s; or *penitentiaries* until "penitent" is read; do not accept "workhouses" or "asylums"] <The above question is for the category History American (pre-1865)>

In the advertisement of this work, the author says that if he is successful in this work, he will move on to address Morals, Politics and Criticism, though his later work barely addresses them. The opening section contains his "Copy Principle", that complex ideas are built out of faint sense impressions of basic ideas. The second section of the work, "Of the Passions" contains his theory of aesthetic judgments, which, unlike the other sections of this work, was not reworked into other books. The other sections "Of the Understanding" and "Of Morals" became books unto themselves. *For 10 points, identify this monumental work in empiricism by David Hume.*

A *Treatise of Human Nature* <The above question is for the category Philosophy>

Four members of this group debated Nicholas Donin in a 1240 trial that culminated in a mass book-burning. After a wave of strikes, a Popular Front Prime Minister of this group signed a 1936 labor agreement initiating collective bargaining in his country. The elephant Abul-Abbas was brought to Europe from the court of Harun al-Rashid by a member of this group, and members of this ethnic group living in Algeria gained citizenship in 1870 under the Crémieux (kraym-YUH) Decree. Many people of this ethnic group were held at Drancy (drawn-SEE) while others were rounded up and tortured by Klaus Barbie. A member of this ethnic group was falsely imprisoned for espionage on Devil's Island and had his innocence defended by Émile Zola. *For 10 points, name this ethnic group of Léon Blum (lay-ON BLOOM) and Alfred Dreyfus (dray-FUCE) that has faced anti-Semitism in Paris.*

French *Jews* [or *Jew*s in France] <The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914>

In one work, this man claimed that "when a woman has scholarly inclinations, there is something wrong with her sexuality." That work claims the "morality of Europe these days is the morality of the herd" and includes a section "On the Prejudices of Philosophers" that asks "Suppose Truth were a woman, what then?" This man wrote another work that blames Euripides for the death of art and champions Richard Wagner. That work distinguishes between the Apollonian and the Dionysian. *For 10 points, name this German philosopher of Beyond Good and Evil and The Birth of Tragedy, who famously claimed "God is dead."*

Friedrich *Nietzsche*

he castrati Senesino and Gaetano Berenstadt premiered roles by this composer in an opera in which a natural horn opens the aria "Va tacito e nascosto" (vah TAH-chee-toh ay noss-COAST-oh). This composer included the aria "Se bramate" (SEH brah-MAH-tay) in an opera that puzzled listeners because it included many short ariosos rather than three-part da capo arias. Tolomeo's sister Cleopatra plots to depose him and become the sole ruler of Egypt in one of his operas. In one of his operas, the Saracen king Argante falls in love with the captive Almirena, who sings "Lascia ch'io pianga" (LAH-shah KEE-oh p'YAHN-gah). A comically over-earnest largo aria sung to a plane tree opens this composer's opera Serse (SEHR-say); that aria is "Ombra mai fu." *Rinaldo and Giulio Cesare (JOOL-yo CHEZ-ah-ray) were operas by, for 10 points, what German-born Baroque composer of "The Harmonious Blacksmith" and The Messiah?*

George Frideric *Handel* [or Georg Friedrich *Händel*] <The above question is for the category Arts Opera>

This country contains the ancient footprints of Acahualinca, which were made in volcanic ash, and its Bosawas Biosphere Reserve protects the Western Hemisphere's second largest rainforest. Diriangen led the Chorotegas of this country in their resistance to the Conquistador Gil Gonzalez Davila, and its old capital was destroyed by an eruption of Momotombo. The largest port on the east coast of this country is named after a Dutch pirate, Abraham Blauvelt, and once served as the capital of its Mosquito Coast. This nation leased its Corn Islands to the United States in the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty in 1914, and its former capital of Granada served as the seat of government for the filibuster William Walker. *Bordered by Costa Rica and Honduras, for 10 points, name this Central American nation with capital at Managua.*

Republic of *Nicaragua* <The above question is for the category History>

In the last act of this play, one of its characters appears clean-shaven and well-dressed for the first time, but can't choke out any coherent words. A character in this play is repeatedly surprised that people know what the fried bread she made is, and serves up cornflakes for breakfast until she runs out. In an interrogation in this play, another character is asked "is the number 846 necessary or possible?" and answers "both!" A character "knows" that she was the "belle of the ball" at the title event of this play, which Petey skipped to play chess, but which Goldberg and McCann were glad to attend. *For 10 points, name this play in which Meg gives Stanley Webber a drum before the title celebration, by Harold Pinter.*

The *Birthday Party* <The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare>

For the opening of the Concert Spirituel, this composer wrote his "Paris" Symphony. Another of his symphonies features a five-voice fugato in its last movement and received its name from Johann Peter Salomon. Kochel (KUR-chell) numbers categorize this composer's works, which include his forty-first symphony, which is nicknamed "Jupiter." *For 10 points, name this Austrian classical composer of Eine Kleine Nachtmusik and The Magic Flute.*

Wolfgang Amadeus *Mozart* <The above question is for the category Fine Arts>

An altar to Apollo is set up to protect this object at the tomb of Sthenelus. While in Syrtes, three nymphs tell a hero to carry this thing until they reach the garden of the Hesperides. Athena and Hera discuss strategy while this object is hidden in the Phasis, and this thing is chased by Aspyrtus to the Brigean Islands. Diodorus described how this thing was created on Mount Pelion. This was the only object to successfully pass through the Planctae. Ovid says that part of this object was able to speak because it was taken from the wood of the shrine at Dodona. In a poem by Gaius Valerius Flaccus, it is said that there was nobody to look out for lights along the coastline before this thing was created. This craft's most famous journey was from Iolcos to Colchis. *For 10 points, name this ship that carried Jason and his companions on the quest for the Golden Fleece.*

the *Argo* <The above question is for the category RMP Greek/Roman Myth>

When Orthodox priests do this action for another person, they use the same IC-XC position as the one found in the Pantokrator icon. Tertullian wrote that "we wear out our foreheads" by performing an early variant of this practice, which may have survived as the motion done in the Catholic Mass before the gospel reading. It's not bowing, but Old Believers objected to Patriarch Nikon's changes to this practice, and performed it the old way as a protest when they were arrested. Most Eastern Christian traditions do this with two fingers touching the thumb, moving from right to left, while Western traditions do it from left to right with an open palm. *For 10 points, name this ritual blessing in which you trace out the shape of the implement of Christ's execution on your body, sometimes after dipping the hand in holy water.*

the *Sign of the Cross* [or *Signum Crucis*; accept "*crossing yourself*"] <The above question is for the category RMP Christian/Bible Religion>

This thinker wrote that crime "is only an anticipation of future morality - a step toward what will be." He collaborated with Ernest Denis on an analysis of the causes of World War I. This thinker theorized that social order is preserved in "primitive" cultures by homogeneity of lifestyle and work, whereas in cultures that express the title phenomenon it is preserved through an "organic" counterpart. This author of The Elementary Forms of Religious Life coined the terms "collective effervescence" and "mechanical solidarity." *For 10 points, name this French social scientist who established an eponymous discipline in The Rules of Sociological Method, and who wrote The Division of Labor in Society and Suicide.*

Émile *Durkheim* [David Émile *Durkheim*] <The above question is for the category Social Science Sociology>

This poem describes "the hour when Lips that would kiss / Form prayers to broken stone," and says that those "stone images receive / The supplication of a dead man's hand / Under the twinkle of a fading star." This poem says "The eyes reappear / As the perpetual star / Multifoliate star / Of death's twilight kingdom." One of this poem's epigraphs references Guy Fawkes and says "A penny for the Old Guy," and the other epigraph quotes from Heart of Darkness. A nursery-rhyme-like section of this poem says "Here we go round the prickly pear," and its last section alternates between "For Thine is the Kingdom" and "Life is very long." *For 10 points, name this poem by T. S. Eliot whose last lines read "This is the way the world ends / Not with a bang but with a whimper."*

"The *Hollow Men*" <The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare>

One figure of this name was the son of Eriopis and led forty ships of Locrians to Troy. Another figure of this name is the son of Periboea and trained with Chiron at the same time as Achilles. That figure was not wounded in battle in the Trojan War and received no divine assistance. That figure also singlehandedly held off an attack led by Hector on the Greek ships but committed suicide after killing sheep he mistook for Greek leaders through a spell by Athena. The other figure of this name was also killed by Athena, in revenge for the rape of Cassandra. *For 10 points, give the name shared by these two Greek warriors, the sons of Telamon and Oileus.*

*Ajax* <The above question is for the category Mythology>

Control tables are a type of this object used to avoid explicit branch statements. Bounds-checking can spot common compile time exceptions using these objects, and implementation of "sparse" varieties avoid allocating memory for default values. These objects can be dynamically resized so that insertions at the end require amortized constant time, and a description of this object is often held in a dope vector. These objects are used when locality of reference is important, so that pointer arithmetic is often used to access these data structures, which are numbered starting with zero. Unlike a similar data type this structure supports random access. *For 10 points, name this data structure which, like a linked list, contains a number of elements in order.*

*Array* <The above question is for the category Science>

The first person to describe himself using this term was Baron d'Holbach in pre-Revolutionary France. This religious belief was promoted by the "Young Hegelians," who included Ludwig Feuerbach. This belief is central to Dialectical Materialism, and can be divided into weak and strong forms. It was promoted by Richard Dawkins in The God Delusion, and it is opposed by such arguments as the ontological argument and Pascal's Wager. It can be contrasted with the similar belief of agnosticism. *For 10 points, give this term for non-belief in a God.*

*Atheism* [accept *atheists*] <The above question is for the category Religion>

This event took place on King Street and was ended by Thomas Hutchinson's clearing of the crowd. An inaccurate engraving depicts the perpetrators of this event standing in an organized line; that engraving by Paul Revere also depicts the first victim of this event as a white man. *Crispus Attucks was one of five people killed by British soldiers in, for 10 points, what March 5, 1770 incident in Massachusetts?*

*Boston Massacre* <The above question is for the category HS History>

One of these locations is constructed "like a goblet" with a well at the center. One of these places has an identical copy that is used as a graveyard. One of these places is constructed so that everything is perfectly reflected in a lake and all events occur "twice." One of these places is a massive spider-web over an abyss. One of these places consists of a group of distant assemblages that are populated in rotation and otherwise empty. These places all have women's names, including "Octavia," "Pyrrha," "Eusapia," and "Valdrada," and they are divided into groups of five "Thin" ones, "Trading" ones, and "Continuous" ones. Between descriptions of these places, Kublai Khan and Marco Polo talk to each other about what Polo has been saying. *For 10 points, identify these 55 locales detailed in a novel by Italo Calvino.*

*Invisible Cities* [or Le *Citta Invisibili*; prompt on cities] <The above question is for the category Literature European>

In the preface to this work, the author claims that the title character is "neither completely guilty nor completely innocent... but involved, by destiny and by the anger of the gods" in the plot, though his summation of the work claims "There is no salvation for those afflicted by passion." Blinded by jealousy for Aricie, the title character much too late renounces the advice of a character later called a snake, her nurse Oenone. Set in Troezen, this work climaxes with one character invoking a curse granted by Poseidon due to a false accusation of rape; thus Thésée kills his own son. *For 10 points, name this play in which the title character is the mother-in-law of but stricken with lust for Hippolyte; a work of Jean Racine about a Cretan princess.*

*Phedre* <The above question is for the category Literature>

The Rossi-Hall and Kennedy-Thorndike experiments provided evidence of this theory. Born's idea of rigidity in it was challenged by Ehrenfest's Paradox, and this theory uses Minkowski spaces. Introduced in On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, it assumes that all uniform motion is relative, and that the speed of light is constant in a vacuum. *Predicting Length Contraction and Time Dilation, for 10 points name this theory that links energy with mass, created by Einstein and contrasted with its general counterpart.*

*Special Relativity* <The above question is for the category Science>

This language was spoken by the powerful medieval merchant guild known as the Ainnurruvar (eye-NOO-ruh-var). Speakers of this language ruled a dynasty that used Colandia ships and constructed social classes based on who had to pay a land tax called "iraikudigal" (EE-rye-KOO-dig-all). A king of a dynasty that spoke this language commissioned the Brihadisvara Temple and won the Kandalur War. This language was spoken by the dynasty of Rajaraja I. The Chera, Pandya, and Chola dynasties were ruled by speakers of this language. Some of its speakers participated in a later organization founded by Velupillai Prabhakaran (prob-HAH-kah-rahn) that assassinated Rajiv Gandhi. *For 10 points, name this south Indian language spoken by an anti-Sinhalese terrorist group in Sri Lanka, its namesake "tigers."*

*Tamil* (TAM-ill or TUM-url) [accept Old *Tamil* or Middle *Tamil*; accept *Tamil* Tigers] <The above question is for the category History World>

During this conflict, an invading force imprisoned the deposed Isaac Dukas Comnenus in chains of silver. A participant brutally executed women and children in the Massacre at Ayyadieh. Before he could be crowned king during this conflict, Conrad of Monferrat was assassinated. After it, a ruler was captured by Leopold V while returning home. During it, the elderly Holy Roman Empero drowned wearing armor in the Saleph River, and another ruler's brother, John, would scheme in his absence. This conflict ended when an English ruler signed the Treaty of Jaffa with Saladin, guaranteeing Christians entrance into Jerusalem. *For 10 points, name this 1189 to 1192 crusade originally led by Philip II of France, Frederick Barbarossa, and Richard I of England.*

*Third Crusade* [prompt on Kings' *Crusade*, don't need "*crusade*" after it's read] <The above question is for the category History>

This area was originally known as Mukuntuweap National Monument, but was enlarged to 230 miles in area and made a national park. 1,500 fott high walls can be found in its fingerlike Koblob Canyons, but its main attraction is a canyon cut by the Virgin River. *For 10 points name this national park that is home to Sentinel Mountain, East Temple Mountain, and West Temple Mountain, located in southwestern Utah.*

*Zion National Park* <The above question is for the category Trash>

Suppliers of this good can take advantage of the Ellis Act, which circumvents some restrictions on removing this good. This good was the subject of Proposition F and Proposition I, also known as the "Mission Moratorium," two failed ballot propositions that regulated the provision of this good. A plan to provide this good in Mountain View was forbidden by the city council in order to protect burrowing owls. Restrictions on the supply of this good include "sunset" laws that regulate the casting of shadows and a 40-foot maximum height law that was partially modified by Proposition D in 2015. Approximately 60,000 people per year leave the San Francisco area due to the high cost of this good. *For 10 points, name this good whose namesake "crisis" is causing high rents throughout California.*

*housing* [or *house*s; or *home*s; or *apartment*s; or *residence*s; or affordable *housing*] <The above question is for the category Current Events US>

At 16 he composed a treatise on spherical trigonometry. As a Savilian Professor of Astronomy, he developed a graphical method of representing the course of a comet. Newton classed him with Huygens and Wallis as one of the leading geometers of the day. This English "renaissance man", however, narrowed his focus after the Fire of London. *For 10 points, name this architect, who designed the Royal Naval College, the Old Royal Observatory in Greenwich, and Saint Paul's Cathedral in London.*

Christopher *Wren* <The above question is for the category Fine Arts>

One of this organization's members forged an alliance including the I Wor Kuen, Young Lords, and Blackstone Rangers and was the principal subject of information obtained from William O'Neal; that man operated its Monroe Street offices, where he was killed along with Mark Clark. One of this group's initiatives was launched out of St. Augustine's church, and one of its most pivotal episodes was triggered by the death of Alex Rackley. This group's Minister of Information expressed regrets in the memoir Target Zero for advocating rape as a political tool, and it was the subject of the infamous New Haven trials. Fred Hampton and Eldridge Cleaver were key figures in this organization, which demanded an immediate end to all offensive wars and instituted the Free Breakfast for Children initiative as an extension of its Ten Point Program. Heavily fractured thanks to the COINTELPRO investigation of this group ordered by J. Edgar Hoover, this organization was most prominently led by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton. *For 10 points, identify this militant leftist group active during the 1960s and 70s, most famously associated with black nationalism and symbolized by a namesake big cat.*

*Black Panther* Party <The above question is for the category History>

Followers of this historical figure razed Camulodunum, Verulamium, and Londinium, and decimated the 9th legion. This leader's luck soon ran out, however, as at the present-day Fenny Stratford on Watling Street, Suetonius Paulinus finally managed to defeat this queen, who had been stirred to action by the mistreatment of the Iceni after the death of her husband, Prasutagus. *For ten points, name this leader of a 60 AD revolt against Roman rule in Britain.*

*Boudicca* (or *Boadicea*) <The above question is for the category Mythology>

During his time at St. Cedd's College, he developed a reputation for clairvoyance by vigorously denying any such ability. He created a con in which he sold the supposed exam papers for the year, but was expelled and thrown in jail when he managed to duplicate the real ones by sheer coincidence. In an effort to save humanity, he uses a time machine to become the stranger from Porlock who interrupts Coleridge while he is writing Kublai Khan. *For 10 points, identify this man who believes in "the fundamental interconnectedness of all things," goes through The Long Dark Teatime of the Soul, and owns a namesake Holistic Detective Agency in a pair of books by Douglas Adams.*

*Dirk Gently* <The above question is for the category Trash>

One scandal in this work is caused after a search carried out following the discovery of a sexual image embroidered on a purse, and it is interpreted as a bad omen when a begonia tree blooms out of season by the protagonist's pavilion. Near the end of this work, the protagonist places seventh in the Imperial Examinations and leaves as a bodhisattva in the company of a Buddhist monk and Daoist priest who had saved him from illness when his coffin had already been made. The protagonist's true love is a reincarnation of a crimson flower brought into life in order to repay him with tears, Lin Daiyu. Jia Baoyu is born with a piece of jade in his mouth in, *For 10 points, what classical Chinese novel written by Cao Xueqin?*

*Dream of the Red Chamber* or *Red Chamber Dream* or A *Dream of Red Mansions* or *Story of the Stone* or *Record of the Stone* or *Hong Lou Meng* or *Shi Tou Ji* <The above question is for the category Literature>

A singer who was prevented from performing in this country wrote the song "Special Train to Pankow" criticizing the decision. This country attempted to solve its systemic coffee shortage by financing the Vietnamese coffee industry in the 1980s. Many senior officials in this country lived on an elliptical street named for Vladimir Mayakovsky. Women who were formerly citizens of this country have launched legal actions over the use of drugs such as Jenapharm's Oral-Turinabol as part of its State Plan 14.25. Many children in this country joined the Thälmann Pioneers before graduating to the FDJ. SED member Manfred Ewald organised state-sponsored doping in this country at the SV Dynamo sports club where it was often overseen by the Stasi. *For 10 points, name this country that erected the Berlin Wall.*

*East Germany* [or *German Democratic Republic*; or *Deutsche Demokratische Republik*; or *GDR*; do not accept or prompt on "Germany"] <The above question is for the category History European 1914-present>

Pundalik sets out a brick for this god to sit on in the guise of Vithoba after he locates his wife. Indradyumna asked Vishvakarma to make a limbless log statue of this god. He married the sixteen thousand one hundred maiden captives of Narakasura, adding to a list of wives which included Jambavati. After being raised by Yasoda and Nanda he killed his uncle Kamsa, while his siblings include Subhadra and Balarama. Jayadeva's Gita Govinda recounts his affairs with Radha and the gopis. This god gives his army to Duryodhana though he serves as charioteer to Arjuna, his conversational partner in the Bhagavad Gita. *For 10 points, name this Hindu deity, usually depicted with blue skin.*

*Krishna* <The above question is for the category Social Studies>

The fifth canzone of this work is left dramatically interrupted by the death of the author's beloved, who is temporarily replaced due to the temptations of a sympathetic "donna gentile". In it, 42 brief chapters relate the frame story, beginning with the author's first meeting with his beloved at the age of 9, her salutation at age 18, the crisis caused by her withholding of a greeting, and his determination to write a great work about her after her death. *For 10 points, what is this early work in praise of Beatrice by Dante?*

*La Vita nuova* (or *The New Life*) <The above question is for the category Literature>

After first having a career as a poet in France, an artist who worked in this country put sand in her paint and used the sgraffito (skrah-FEE-toh) technique to create hazy depictions of l'Eclisse (lay-KLEESE) and The Inner City; that artist was Alice Rahon (ra-HONE). An artist who worked in this country painted Ulu's Pants, The Meal of Lord Candlestick, and a portrait of her onetime lover Max Ernst, and fled to this country after a breakdown that she narrated in her novel Down Below. Those artists, Remedios Varo and Leonora Carrington, began a relationship while living in its capital. An artist born in this country created the self-portraits What the Water Gave Me and one with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird. *For 10 points, name this country of many expatriate surrealist painters, which is where Frida Kahlo was born.*

*Mexico* [or the *United Mexican States*; or *Estados Unidos Mexicanos*] <The above question is for the category Arts Painting>

A former bridge, a former horse racing arena, a present-day urban development, and an aquarium in this state are named after a fraternal organization whose name is this state's name spelled backwards, with hyphens. This state's capitol building features nautilus designs in its floor mosaics and is topped by a statue called The Sower; though it's not Louisiana, that capitol of this state is a prominent art deco tower. The largest indoor desert, largest indoor rainforest, and largest geodesic dome are in this state, located at its Henry Doorly Zoo. This state's legislature does not allow delegates to be officially registered with any political party, and it is the only state to have a unicameral legislature. *The Platte River runs through, for 10 points, what plains state whose largest city is Omaha?*

*Nebraska* <The above question is for the category Geography US>

This monarch is the subject of the Historia general del Mundo by his court chronicler Antonio de Herrera. The most influential study by Annales historian Fernand Braudel is titled for The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of this monarch. The Relaciones of this king's disgraced secretary Antonio Pérez contributed to the "Black Legend" of this king, who as a prince received an early copy of Bartolomé de las Casas's A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. Miguel de Cervantes drew on his time serving in the fleet of this king's brother Don Juan of Austria at the Battle of Lepanto. *For 10 points, name this Spanish king, the husband of "Bloody" Mary, whose global empire included a namesake archipelago governed from Manila.*

*Philip II* [or *Felipe II*; or *Philip the Prudent*; prompt on Philip] <The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914>

One of these events was prevented by Chesley Sullenberger, and Lech Kaczynski died during another one of them. After taking part in one of these events, John McCain was taken as a POW. German officials revealed that one of these events, which resulted in the deaths of two singers from a Spanish opera house, was deliberately committed by Andreas Lubitz. In 2015, Harrison Ford was injured in one that occurred on a golf course. In the aftermaths of these events, more information can be gathered by recovering a "black box," and in July 2014, one of these events was caused by a Russian missile over Ukraine. *For 10 points, name this fate that befell Malaysia Airlines Flight 17. *

*Plane crashes* [accept clear knowledge equivalents, do not accept "plane disappearances"] <The above question is for the category Current Events 2015>

A character in this play tells another character that he represents the shells of the eggs that he is beating and complains about the dearth of good French comedies. A character in this play insists that a small mahogany table is found to replicate the room of a woman who is accused of using "robes et manteaux" (ROBE ay mon-TOH) to lure good girls into her atelier (ATTLE-yay). At the end of this play, a boy commits suicide with a revolver while his sibling drowns in a fountain, prompting a confused man to muse that he has wasted a day regardless. At the start of this play, the Director of a version of The Rules of the Game is interrupted by characters including the father and the mother. *For 10 points, name this play in which several characters struggle to piece together their story, which is by Luigi Pirandello.*

*Six Characters in Search of an Author* [or *Sei personaggi in cerca d'autore*] <The above question is for the category Literature European >

The fate of two residents of this location was determined by reports of Dr. John Argentine and the Italian Dominic Mancini. It's not a zoo, but this location was where a grizzly bear named Old Martin lived for many years. In 1671 a man who dressed as a cleric visited this location, used a mallet to flatten a object, and hid it under his coat as part of a robbery; that man was Colonel Thomas Blood. Yeomen Warders who work at this location are known by the nickname "beefeaters." Both Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck claimed to be people last seen in this location; those youths were Richard of Shrewsbury and Edward V. *For 10 points, name this English castle where Edward IV's young sons were imprisoned by Richard III.*

*Tower of London* [or Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the *Tower of London*] <The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914>

According to this modern-day country's folklore, Thi Sach was killed by Su Ting, which led to a rebellion by Trung Trac. Paratroopers were dropped into this modern-day country during Operation Castor, which preceded a battle that ended with the surrender of Henri Navarre's troops. Emperor Bao Dai was ousted in a 1955 election by Ngo Dinh (*) Diem in this modern-day country. This modern-day country was divided in the 1954 Geneva Accords, and was reunited after the 1975 Fall of Saigon. Ho Chi Minh led this country's northern half during a war with the United States. *For 10 points, name this communist nation with a capital at Hanoi.*

*Vietnam* [do not accept or prompt on "North Vietnam" or "South Vietnam"] <The above question is for the category History>

A medication that blocks movement of this ion is used to prevent a vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. High levels of this ion can cause the appearance of a J wave on an ECG, which is normally associated with hypothermia. A class of medications that block the movement of this ion are divided into dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine types, and includes both amlodipine (am-LOAD-ih-peen) and nifedipine (nih-FED-ih-peen); those drugs block movement of this ion through L-, T-, or P/Q-type channels. The mnemonic "moans, groans, and stones" describes a condition in which this ion is elevated due to overproduction of parathyroid hormone. Activated vitamin D promotes GI absorption of this ion. *For 10 points, name this ion that is stored in bones.*

*calcium* [or *Ca*; or *Ca++*] <The above question is for the category Science Biology>

The presence of this quality allows for AC coupling to occur, and "snubbers" use this effect to contain radio interference. This quality decreases in strength as distance increases and devices that use this quality add in strength directly in a parallel circuit. When the maximum value for this quality, whose inverse is elastance, is exceeded, the breakdown voltage has been reached. Camera flashbulbs rely on this quality, which is measured in farads. *For 10 points, name this quality whose magnitude is the amount of electrical charge that can be stored in a namesake device that features a pair of parallel plates.*

*capacitance* <The above question is for the category Science>

It must begin and end on a perfect consonance. The interval of a tenth should not be exceeded between the two parts, unless necessary. The interval of a tritone in three notes is to be avoided, as is the interval of a seventh in three notes. *These are just three rules necessary to compose a piece of music in, for 10 points, what musical form that became popular in the Baroque period?*

*counterpoint* (accept: *contrapuntal*) <The above question is for the category Fine Arts>

Some species in this order supplement their ventilation using the hepatic piston method. Animals in this order can bypass pulmonary circulation and direct blood flow from the left aorta to the right aorta through the foramen of Panizza. A massive Cretaceous genus in this order was the Deinosuchus (DYE-no-SOO-kuss). Nasal bossing may help to resonate infrasonic signals produced through vibrations in males of this order's gharial species. Members of this order tear large prey apart using a "death roll." The highest bite force of any animal is found in a saltwater species in this order. *For 10 points, name this order of reptiles that includes caimans, alligators, and a namesake family with a Nile species.*

*crocodiles* [or *crocodilia*ns] <The above question is for the category Science Biology>

A pamphlet purporting to list "1001 ways" to do this thing was written by Robert Bashlow and Tuli Kupferberg. A group led by David Harris using an omega as its symbol advocated this behavior, for which Harris was imprisoned for fifteen months. Jimmy Carter pardoned almost everyone accused of this action in 1977. Supreme Court respondent David Paul O'Brien was one of many people who symbolically performed this action by burning a card. Joseph Jones and Robert McGill estimate that up to 100,000 people emigrated to Canada in order to perform this action. Rush Limbaugh, Donald Trump, and Ted Nugent were all accused of faking medical conditions to perform this action. *For 10 points, identify this failure to fulfill Selective Service obligations during the Vietnam War.*

*draft dodging* [or *dodging the draft* during the Vietnam War; or *draft evasion*; or *refusing to serve in the military*, etc.]

Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote an essay titled for this concept that critiques utopian projects like Brook Farm. A "pure" form of this thing is explored as an ontological basis in An Inquiry into the Good by Kyōtō School philosopher Kitarō Nishida. A book titled in part for this concept has a chapter that uses Keats's poetry as a springboard to discuss the need for esoteric qualities, named "The Live Creature and Eternal Things"; that book tries to develop a pragmatist aesthetics and is titled Art as this thing by John Dewey. Another pragmatist philosopher wrote about the apparent universality of mysticism in a book titled for the Varieties of Religious examples of this concept; that philosopher is William James. *For 10 points, give this word for things that pass through subjective consciousness.*

*experience* [or pure *experience*; or Art as *Experience*]

The Fourier transform is an automorphism on a space of these things named for Schwartz. The uniform boundedness principle and the Hahn-Banach (BAH-nuck) theorem are central to a branch of analysis named for these things, which is concerned with topological vector spaces. Any one of these things that is both entire and bounded must be constant, and these things are called entire if they are holomorphic over the whole complex plane. Weierstrass (VYE-ur-SHTROSS) names one of these things which serves as a common counterexample in analysis. The Riemann (REE-mon) zeta one of these is the subject of the Riemann hypothesis. *For 10 points, identify these things which can be bijective, surjective, and injective, and which can be composed with each other.*

*function* [or *map*ping; or *functional*; or specific types such as analytic *function*s or holomorphic *function*s or real-valued *function*s] <The above question is for the category Science Math>

A media studies theory named in part for this response includes the notion that the four uses of media are diversion, personal relationships, personal identity, and surveillance; that theory is named for "uses" and this reaction. In fMRI studies of the ability to control this reaction by B. J. Casey, images of happy, neutral, and afraid faces were displayed; Casey revealed that the ability to control this emotion is tied to activation of the anterior prefrontal cortex, as opposed to the ventral striatum. A study of this response performed at the Bing Nursery School found that it was significantly correlated to life outcomes; in that study, Ebbe Ebbesen and Walter Mischel (VALL-tuh MISH-ull) offered a choice between one marshmallow now or two marshmallows later. *For 10 points, name this sensation of fulfillment that is "delayed" by individuals with more self-control.*

*gratification* [or delayed *gratification*; or uses and *gratification*s theory; do not accept "self-control"] <The above question is for the category Social Science Psychology>

The Book of Nehemiah describes how the public form of this ritual was instituted by Ezra after the Babylonian Captivity. A celebration called Simchat follows the conclusion of an annual cycle involving this ritual, and involves circling a synagogue seven times with its central object. During this ritual, the titles kohen and levi are given to participants in the first aliyah, which involves giving blessings before and after doing this. That object is referred to with the word Sefer and is kept on two scrolls with forty-two lines written in each column. *For 10 points, name this ritual in which Jews recite the first five books of the Bible, which include Numbers and Leviticus.*

*reading of the Torah* <The above question is for the category Religion>

A piece in this genre by this man sets out to prove the "sore conflict with those terrible and amazing views and apprehensions." Compositions by this author in this genre usually begin with an apropos quote such as "And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly." Thematically typical titles of this man's work in this genre include "The Wicked Useful in Their Destruction Only" and "Wrath to the Uttermost." One of this man's writings in this genre was addressed to "you that are here present, that yet remain in an unregenerate state." That 1741 piece by this man in this genre discusses being held "over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider" and discusses the passage "Their foot shall slide in due time." *For 10 points, name this rhetorical genre and author of "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."*

*sermon*s by Jonathan *Edwards* <The above question is for the category Literature American>

This phenomenon can cause "quartz wind" when it occurs in air in an attenuation effect also known as Eckart streaming. Actuators based on this phenomenon have been proposed for manipulating highly pure compounds without contamination. The SOFAR channel can be used to increase the range of this phenomenon. This phenomenon can be used to efficiently mix non-homogeneous suspensions and accelerate chemical reactions by initiating a type of non-inertial cavitation. The speed of propagation of this phenomenon is given as the square root of the bulk modulus over density by the Newton-Laplace equation, and the Prandtl-Glauert singularity arises due to the assumption of linearity at that speed. This phenomenon is studied in acoustics, and it is used to detect objects in SONAR. *For 10 points, name this phenomenon whose speed defines Mach 1.*

*sound* [or *ultrasound*; or *infrasound*; or *sound* waves; accept speed of *sound*] <The above question is for the category Science Physics>

In jazz theory, a Tadd Dameron turnaround is made from a I-vi-ii-V (one six two five) turnaround by replacing all but the first chord via a technique named for these intervals. That "substitution" is effective because this is the only interval in 12-tone equal temperament that is invariant under inversion. This interval forms the bottom two notes of the "most influential chord" in modern Western classical music, whose deferred resolution represents unattainable desire throughout Tristan and Isolde. This interval occurs between the root and the fifth of the Locrian (LOH-kree-in) mode, and between the third and the seventh of a dominant seventh chord. It can be spelled as either a diminished fifth or an augmented fourth. *For 10 points, name this interval made of three whole steps, which Guido of Arezzo (GWEE-doh of ah-RET-so) called "the devil in music."*

*tritone* [or *augmented fourth* until read; or *diminished fifth* until read; prompt on fourth or fifth; accept *tritone* substitution]

The flux of this compound into the atmosphere is described by the Penman-Monteith equation, which is modified by the Priestley-Taylor equation to be a function of only solar irradiance. The relationship between the partial pressure of this compound and temperature is described by the psychrometric (SIKE-ro-MEH-trick) constant. The phreatic (free-AT-ick) zone has high levels of this compound, whose movement in the vadose zone is described by the Richards equation, which modifies Darcy's law. It's not carbon dioxide, but this compound is the most abundant greenhouse gas. Saturation excess and infiltration excess can result in overland runoff of this compound, which enters the atmosphere through evapotranspiration. *For 10 points, name this compound that is deposited as rain.*

*water* [or *water* vapor; or *steam*; or *H2O*] <The above question is for the category Science Earth Science>

Thomas Munson was credited with helping to save this industry in France. John XXII erected a castle whose name refers to a product of this industry that developed during the Avignon Papacy. François Clicquot's (klee-KOH's) widow developed the riddling technique used in part of this industry. Napoleon's Minister of the Interior Jean-Antoine Chaptal recommended the use of sugar instead of lead acetate in this industry. This industry was severely damaged by the introduction of the phylloxera (fill-OX-uh-ruh) insect from the United States, which prompted the grafting of many plants onto resistant rootstock. *For 10 points, name this industry that traditionally has centers in Burgundy, Bordeaux, and Champagne.*

*wine* production [or *wine*making; or *winery*; or *vineyards*; or *viticulture*; prompt on grapes]

One incident in this battle saw forces under Lew Wallace march to and from the wrong location. One incident here saw Nathan Bedford Forrest separated from his unit and nearly killed. Beauregard's hesitation after a decisive attack in this battle allowed Don Carlos Buell to reinforce a Union counterattack. This battle saw Albert Sidney Johnston fatally wounded, becoming the highest ranking death of the Civil War. This battle followed the fall of Forts Henry and Donelson. *For 10 points, name this battle at Pittsburg Landing, in which Grant defeated an attempt to expel Union forces from Tennessee.*

Battle of *Shiloh* [accept Battle of *Pittsburg Landing* before it is read] <The above question is for the category History>

This politician composed "Melody in A Minor," a piece that was later set to words and became the standard "It's All in the Game." After serving as ambassador to Great Britain, he became the director of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, and while running for Vice-President, he campaigned against the Ku Klux Klan. This author of A Journal of Reparations served as Calvin Coolidge's vice-president. *For 10 points, name this man, whose namesake plan relieved the burden of German reparations following World War I and was succeeded by the Young Plan.*

Charles *Dawes* <The above question is for the category History>

This composer wrote the words "actual notes" above the following melody of half- and quarter-note triplets: (read slowly) long B-flat, low C-sharp, low E, long high E-flat, C. A ppp (triple piano) string chorale slowly shifts between widely spaced, non-dominant, diatonic chords to form the static background of a piece by this composer. This composer's Two Contemplations initially paired that piece with one that calls for a grand piano and a player piano, and contrasts eerie strings with ragtime music. In a short piece by this composer, seven repetitions of an atonal trumpet melody are interspersed with increasingly frenetic woodwind quartet phrases. A long wooden plank in used in his piano sonata that quotes Beethoven's 5th in all four movements, including "Hawthorne" and "The Alcotts." *For 10 points, name this composer of The Unanswered Question, Central Park in the Dark, and The Concord Sonata.*

Charles *Ives* <The above question is for the category Arts Music>

This man originated the use of the term "stimulus-error" to describe observers who pay undue attention to physical properties of objects, and he argued in favor of four attributes: quality, intensity, duration, and clarity. Although he notoriously excluded women from the group he founded, several of his students were women including the author of The Animal Mind, Margaret Floy Washburn, and Joy Paul Guilford. In his book A Beginner's Psychology, he argues that perceptions resolve into sensations which compose a "core," but meaning is generated by context. A biography of him was written by his more famous student E.G. Boring, and this author of A Primer of Psychology gained fame for bringing the thought of another psychologist to America. *For 10 points, name this structuralist pioneer of experimental psychology who was a student of Wilhelm Wundt.*

Edward Bradford *Titchener* <The above question is for the category Social Studies>

This man's work includes Fort Wayne, Indiana's Concordia Theological Seminary. With his father, he influenced the design of schools with construction of the Crow Island School, located in Winnetka, Illinois. The only skyscraper he designed is the CBS Headquarters in New York, and he also designed Milwaukee's War Memorial Center and the Kresge Auditorium at MIT. He is the designer of the main terminal at Dulles International Airport and the TWA Terminal at JFK Airport. Another of his works is found at the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial. *For 10 points, name this Finnish-American architect, the man behind St. Louis's Gateway Arch.*

Eero *Saarinen* <The above question is for the category Literature>

This psychologist's most famous patient had hydrocephalus, which may have skewed the results of his experiment. One of his experiments was designed to measure kinesthetic feedback in rats that were searching for food in a straight alley maze; that experiment conducted with Harvey Carr was called the Kerplunk experiment. In his most famous experiment, he banged a metal hammer against a steel bar to create a loud noise while a baby played with a white mouse. *For ten points, name this classical conditioner who performed the Little Albert experiment.*

John B. *Watson* <The above question is for the category Science>

South African philosopher Grant Farred (FAIR-id) wrote that this thinker surprisingly resonated with his struggle against racism in his book on how this man "Saved My Life." This man contended that theology is a positive science about faith-worlds, whereas philosophy is critical. A late lecture by this thinker originated the dictum "language speaks," and he wrote an essay that examines Van Gogh's "Peasant Shoes." This thinker's magnum opus begins with a discourse on the "forgetting of Being" in Western thought. *For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote "The Origin of the Work of Art" and Being and Time, a Nazi who was revealed to be an unapologetic antisemite in his Black Notebooks.*

Martin *Heidegger* [or Martin *Heidegger* Saved My Life] <The above question is for the category RMP Philosophy>

In Akira Kurosawa's 1990 film Dreams, this man has a brief cameo as Vincent van Gogh. In a three-part 1995 BBC documentary, this man broke down a director's role into four categories: storyteller, illusionist, smuggler, and iconoclast; that documentary is titled A Personal Journey with this man through American Movies. Among this rock-and-roll-loving filmmaker's documentaries are The Last Waltz and Shine a Light. A 2011 film directed by this man stars Asa Butterfield as a young French boy whose dead father tried to repair an automaton. *Hugo was directed by, for 10 points, what American filmmaker whose collaborations with Leonardo DiCaprio include Gangs of New York and The Wolf of Wall Street?*

Martin *Scorsese* (scor-SAY-zee) [Martin Charles *Scorsese*] <The above question is for the category Arts Film>

With Francis Low, this man names a theorem that relates the ground state of an interacting system in QFT with a non-interacting one. With Lévy (lay-VEE), this scientist created the sigma model to describe pion interactions. This man was the first to propose a form of Lie (lee) algebra that led to the derivation of the Adler sum rule, and he was the first to introduce a quantity designed to explain the slow decay of kaons and hyperons. Along with a Japanese scientist, this man names a formula that relates the electric charge with isospin and the hypercharge. This physicist recognized that baryons corresponded to SU(3) (S-U-three) symmetry, leading to his proposal of eightfold way organization for mesons and baryons. *For 10 points, name this man who developed the quark model alongside George Zweig.*

Murray *Gell-Mann* (ghell-MAHN) <The above question is for the category Science Physics>

This author wrote a short story about a man who wants to cut out peoples' eyes to give to his girlfriend. He included that story, "The Blue Bouquet" in his collection Eagle or Sun?, and discussed what he thought poetry should be like in The Bow and The Lyre. This man wrote a group of nine essays including "The Conquest to Colonialism" and (*) "The Day of the Dead," and he also wrote a poem based on the Aztec calendar. *The winner of the 1990 Nobel Prize, for ten points, name this Mexican author of The Labyrinth of Solitude and The Sun Stone.*

Octavio *Paz* <The above question is for the category Literature>

Currently led by Beatriz Paredes Rangel, among this partys accomplishments was the establishment of IMSS, a social security system, in 1943. They also redistributed land to eijidos and reduced illiteracy through the Each One Teach One program after taking over from the PRM in 1940. Its most recent president, Ernesto Zedillo, was the victim of bribery scandals and it came in third in the 2006 Presidential Election. *For ten points, name this Mexican political party, who won ten straight Presidential elections but has been out of power since 2000.*

Partido *Revolucionario Institucional* (accept instritutional *Revolutionary* Party) <The above question is for the category History>

Contemporary practice of a religion in this country's rural areas centers on the "thunder ritual," and it once was dominated by the "Sacred Jewel" and "Celestial Masters" schools. Another religion was spread to this country by a blue-eyed monk who stared at a wall for nine years named Bodhidharma. That religion developed the Blue Cliff Record scripture in this country. A new religious movement from this country whose name means "Dharma Wheel Practice" was heavily persecuted by its government beginning in the 1990s. The world's largest religious migration occurs in this country, when hundreds of millions of people travel to visit their extended families for the new year. *For 10 points, name this country where the quasi-mythical master Laozi (LAO-tsuh) wrote the Dao De Jing.*

People's Republic of *China* [or *Zhōnghuá* Rénmín Gònghéguó] <The above question is for the category RMP Non-Christian/Bible Religion>

One work by this poet discusses a "unique distance from isolation" and calls the title action "[a]n emblem of two people being honest". The speaker of another poem by this man wonders whether "dubious women" who "make their children touch a particular stone" will visit the title place, which "held unsplit/So long and equably what since is found/Only in separation". This poet of "Talking in Bed" and "Church Going" wrote about "everyone young going down the long slide/To happiness, endlessly" in one poem, and another of his poems begins, "Groping back to bed after a piss/I part thick curtains." This poet also wrote about "fools in old-style hats and coats" in a work that ends with the advice, "Get out as early as you can/And don't have any kids yourself." *For 10 points, name this poet of "High Windows", "Sad Steps", and "This Be the Verse".*

Philip *Larkin* <The above question is for the category Literature>

This work has been notably translated by Koun Yamada. A student named Amban added his own section to it in which he derisively likened its creator to a doughnut-seller forcing people to eat. Wu-liang Tsung-shou also supplemented it with three verses composed in gratitude. Often paired with another major work, the Blue Cliff Record, it was published with commentary by Mumon Ekai or Wumen in the early 13th century and compiled a total of 48 cases including "Nansen ►Cuts the Cat in Two" and "Joshu's dog." *For 10 points, name this collection of Zen koans whose title seems to be a contradictory phrase about a structure which can let you in or keep you out.*

The *Gateless Gate* (accept clear knowledge equivalents, *Gateless*) <The above question is for the category Literature>

In Pavel Filonov's version of this scene, angular buildings reminiscent of Pskov (pss-KOFF) School iconography are tessellated in the background. In Nikolai Ge's (GAY's) version of this scene, a man stands facing the viewer holding up a large cloth, casting a huge shadow over the rest of the scene. Another version of this scene takes an oblique angle and features transparent angels floating above. In Peter Paul Rubens's version of this scene, an open book sits between two candles in the upper right, and a dog lays underneath two characters' bare feet. Tintoretto executed this scene in the 1590s, and another version of this scene is located in the refectory of the Santa Maria delle Grazie (DEL-lay GRAHT-see-ay) in Milan. *For 10 points, name this scene that in Leonardo's version has all thirteen men seated on the same side of the table.*

The *Last Supper* [or Il *Cenacolo*; or *L'Ultima Cena*; do not accept or prompt on "Lord's Supper"] <The above question is for the category Arts Painting>

This man's tenure as head of state saw a substantial cultural clash over films like Love in the Leather Pants and Holidays at Mt. Boinker, which were a variety of pornography named after a certain region. Herbert Hupka left this man's party during his tenure and attacked an incident in which this leader visited a war memorial and dropped to one knee. Late in life, he proposed a line dividing the economies of the world between North and South in a namesake report. Systematic bribing likely prevented his ousting in a no-confidence vote by Rainier Barzel. That corruption may have been organized by Markus Wolf, who also oversaw an intelligence operative who served as one of this man's personal secretaries, Gunter Guillame, resulting in a scandal when the latter's Stasi ties were exposed. *For 10 points, identify this advocate of Ostpolitik, the Chancellor of West Germany from 1968 to 1974.*

Willy *Brandt* [or Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm] <The above question is for the category History>

George Odom showed how to obtain this number using an inscribed equilateral triangle by drawing a chord between the midpoints of two of its sides and extending it to meet the circle. When this number is used as a numerical base, every integer terminates, but every fraction is non-terminating; in that base, the digit sequence 11 (one-one) is avoided because it equals 100 (one-zero-zero). This number can be called "the most irrational" because each level of its continued fraction has the same largest magnitude of difference; in other words, its continued fraction has only ones in its denominators. Based on that, this number can be found algebraically by solving the equation "x equals one over the term one plus x." By definition, the square of this number equals one plus itself. *For 10 points, give this constant, the limit of the ratio of consecutive Fibonacci numbers, which names a spiral.*

the *golden ratio* [or *phi*; or *one plus root five* all *over 2*; or the *golden mean*; or the *golden section*; or the *divine proportion*; or the *golden number*; accept the *golden spiral*] <The above question is for the category Science>