Quizzes Chapters 13-15
Good interviewers who conduct research are able to A)Build rapport with participants B)Alter the questions to suit the moment C)Interject their own opinions to help draw out the opinions of others D)Both a & b
A)Build rapport with participants
A primary difference between empirical research and action research is A)Empirical researchers aim to remain independent of the research situation B)Empirical researchers are often embedded in the research context C)Action researchers aim to remain independent of the research situation D)None of the above are differences between empirical research and action research
A)Empirical researchers aim to remain independent of the research situation
Social roles and the behavior of others are considered A)External causal factors in the person-environment interaction B)Ecological models of action research C)Part of the evaluation phase of action research D)None of the above
A)External causal factors in the person-environment interaction
Declaring the focus or intent of a group or an occasion is known as A)Framing B)Advocating C)Illustrating D)Inquiring
A)Framing
Quantitative research hypotheses can which forms? A)Literary, operational, null B)Narrative, behavioral, grounded theory C)Phenomenological, differential, consequential D)Determinant, operant, subsequent
A)Literary, operational, null
A researcher is interested in studying rural farmers' opinions about cooperative extension services. The researcher is aware that the majority of the target population is lower socio-economic status. The best method of survey for this project is A)Mailed B)Electronic C)Both are equally applicable D)Neither is a justifiable method with this population
A)Mailed
Relationships between a person and his or her setting are part of the A)Microsystem B)Mesosystem C)Exosystem D)Macrosystem
A)Microsystem
A primary premise in mixed method design is that it A)Reduces the bias of using only one design B)Is less expensive that single design approaches C)Is more appropriate with adult populations D)Incorporates all types of known research designs
A)Reduces the bias of using only one design
Drawbacks to the explanatory design include A)Researcher must determine if participants should be used in both phases of the research or if a new sample from the original population will be used for the qualitative portion B)It is difficult to specify procedures of quantitative phase when applying for internal review board approval C)The fact that very few examples exist of integrating quantitative data with qualitative data D)It is the most challenging of the four types of designs because of the amount of researcher effort necessary
A)Researcher must determine if participants should be used in both phases of the research or if a new sample from the original population will be used for the qualitative portion
Advantages of the explanatory design include A)The methods are conducted separately making a research team unnecessary B)Emphasizing the qualitative component and includes the quantitative component as additional strength to the study C)The researcher focuses on one type of design which reduces research time and effort D)It is efficient because both types of data are collected simultaneously
A)The methods are conducted separately making a research team unnecessary
A community counseling program coordinator in a CACREP master's program surveys graduating students annually regarding program perceptions. This is most closely aligned with which survey research design? A)Trend B)Cohort C)Panel D)Cross-sectional
A)Trend
"How did you decide to move to this area?" is an example of A)an open question B)a closed question C)a question appropriate for interview only D)a question appropriate for pencil and paper only
A)an open question
Mixed methods research questions A)Are not dependent on the mixed methods design employed B)Address both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the study C)Are written in first person form D)None of the above are true about mixed methods research questions
B)Address both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the study
Mixed methods designs are called such because they A)Mix behavioral and theoretical models B)Blend quantitative and qualitative methodologies C)Can be used for either quantitative or qualitative research D)Incorporate gender differenced into each design
B)Blend quantitative and qualitative methodologies
ALL BUT WHICH of the following are true about qualitative research A)Includes broad, open-ended questions that answer the how or what about a particular phenomena B)Compartmentalizes research in one direction making it more useful C)It is an emerging design D)Allows you to interpret meaning in context
B)Compartmentalizes research in one direction making it more useful
Advantages of the exploratory design include A)The methods are conducted separately making a research team unnecessary B)Emphasizing the qualitative component and includes the quantitative component as additional strength to the study C)The researcher focuses on one type of design which reduces research time and effort D)It is efficient because both types of data are collected simultaneously
B)Emphasizing the qualitative component and includes the quantitative component as additional strength to the study
An example of an action research question is A)Is homework or classwork more effective in teaching pre-algebra concepts to middle schoolers? B)How do I change my anger management group to better meet the members' needs? C)What is the relationship between mental health and coping styles among pregnant women? D)Are preschool girls more likely to choose dolls that are racially or ethnically similar to them?
B)How do I change my anger management group to better meet the members' needs?
Drawbacks to the exploratory design include A)Researcher must determine if participants should be used in both phases of the research or if a new sample from the original population will be used for the qualitative portion B)It is difficult to specify procedures of quantitative phase when applying for internal review board approval C)The fact that very few examples exist of integrating quantitative data with qualitative data D)It is the most challenging of the four types of designs because of the amount of researcher effort necessary
B)It is difficult to specify procedures of quantitative phase when applying for internal review board approval
What system typicaly occurs when micorsystems interact with each other? A)Microsystem B)Mesosystem C)Exosystem D)Macrosystem
B)Mesosystem
Which of the following is most true about survey design A)The researcher can allow the research questions to evolve throughout the process B)Methodological decisions are contingent on the research questions addressed by the survey C)Sampling procedures are consistent across survey designs D)All of the above are true regarding survey designs
B)Methodological decisions are contingent on the research questions addressed by the survey
Verbal and nonverbal interactions between two or more persons and their interactions around an issue are focused on in A)First person practice B)Second person practice C)Third person practice D)First and third person integration
B)Second person practice
ALL BUT WHICH of the following are advantages to electronic surveys over pencil and paper surveys A)Completed surveys are automatically stored in electronic format B)Survey data is automatically analyzed for the researcher C)Access to larger as well as more culturally diverse samples D)Ease and speed of administration
B)Survey data is automatically analyzed for the researcher
Kurt Lewin, who developed the term action research, developed all but which of the following goals for action research A)To advance knowledge by contributing to the research base of theory and social sciences B)To ensure counselors are practicing ethically with their clients C)To improve a situation by making sure that the participants are left in a better position after the study D)To disseminate the research through peer-reviewed journal articles and related periodicals
B)To ensure counselors are practicing ethically with their clients
Ozanne and Saatcioglu posit that connecting all types of action research are four principles. These principles A)A use of scientific methods with an emphasis on field methods B)A cyclical process with problem identification, data collection and analysis, reflection on the data, and a revised action plan informed from the previous research cycle C)A weighted power dynamic between researcher and participants, where researchers are seen as experts D)Mutual agreement between researcher and participants about a problem and its solution for the research project to be deemed successful
C)A weighted power dynamic between researcher and participants, where researchers are seen as experts
The degree to which those involved in the action research process are energized to help facilitating lasting social change is known as A)Democratic validity B)Process validity C)Catalytic validity D)Dialogical validity
C)Catalytic validity
Mixed methods researchers must do ALL BUT WHICH of the following A)Determine the order in which they will implement qualitative and quantitative aspects B)Determine how the two types of data will be combines C)Ensure that qualitative and quantitative data are equally weighted D)Determine the theoretical framework for the design
C)Ensure that qualitative and quantitative data are equally weighted
Researchers use triangulation to A)Answer research questions B)Determine a purposeful sample C)Ensure the trustworthiness and accuracy of data D)None of the above
C)Ensure the trustworthiness and accuracy of data
A person's neighborhood, employment, and social network is typically described as the A)Microsystem B)Mesosystem C)Exosystem D)Macrosystem
C)Exosystem
ALL BUT WHICH of the following are true regarding the use of focus group interviews in survey research A)Participants are selected because of their knowledge about the topic B)Participants can offer all opinions in the discussion format of focus groups C)It is relatively straightforward to determine group consensuses D)Non-verbal behaviors can be noted
C)It is relatively straightforward to determine group consensuses
When a researcher surveys parents of a group of ten infants who enter into an early intervention program at two months and then again upon their exit from the program at age 5, the method is known as A)Trend B)Cohort C)Panel D)Cross-sectional
C)Panel
When researchers, clients, and stakeholders work together in the research project, the form of research being conducted is likely to be A)Systemic action research B)Practitioner action research C)Participatory action research D)Stakeholder action research
C)Participatory action research
When looking into action research themes, Somekh and Zeichner (2009) found several themes including all but which of the following A)Political reform B)University-led reform C)Professor reform D)School reform
C)Professor reform
Drawbacks to the embedded design include A)Researcher must determine if participants should be used in both phases of the research or if a new sample from the original population will be used for the qualitative portion B)It is difficult to specify procedures of quantitative phase when applying for internal review board approval C)The fact that very few examples exist of integrating quantitative data with qualitative data D)It is the most challenging of the four types of designs because of the amount of researcher effort necessary
C)The fact that very few examples exist of integrating quantitative data with qualitative data
Advantages of the embedded design include A)The methods are conducted separately making a research team unnecessary B)Emphasizing the qualitative component and includes the quantitative component as additional strength to the study C)The researcher focuses on one type of design which reduces research time and effort D)It is efficient because both types of data are collected simultaneously
C)The researcher focuses on one type of design which reduces research time and effort
Politics, media, and religion are part of the A)Microsystem B)Mesosystem C)Exosystem D) Macrosystem
D) Macrosystem
Some limitations of survey research include A)It does not determine causation B)Heavy reliance on self-report C)Bias is inherent D)All of the above
D)All of the above
In the person-environment interaction formula, B = f A)B=the individuals' observable behavior B)P=the individual's personal factors C)E=external causal factors D)All of the above are true
D)All of the above are true
ALL BUT WHICH of the following are methods to increase survey response rate A)Ensure invited participants are knowledgeable about the subject B)Determine and implement follow-up procedures C)Give each participant a chance on a DVD player D)Be sure to not pre-notify so that participants will respond reflexively
D)Be sure to not pre-notify so that participants will respond reflexively
A school counselor conducts a health and wellness needs assessment of her students. She is likely employing which survey research design? A)Trend B)Cohort C)Panel D)Cross-sectional
D)Cross-sectional
The most important component in survey research is A)Developing the research questions B)Determining sample size C)Determining data analysis methods D)Designing survey items
D)Designing survey items
The cyclical practice of action research follows which pattern A)Fact-finding, exploratory action, planning, and evaluation B)Planning, exploratory action, evaluation, and fact-finding C)Exploratory action, fact-finding, planning, and evaluation D)Fact-finding, planning, exploratory action, and evaluation
D)Fact-finding, planning, exploratory action, and evaluation
Which of the following is the first step of action research? A)Collect and analyze data B)Reflect on the results C)Interview stakeholders D)Identify a focus or problem area
D)Identify a focus or problem area
Advantages of the triangulation design include A)The methods are conducted separately making a research team unnecessary B)Emphasizing the qualitative component and includes the quantitative component as additional strength to the study C)The researcher focuses on one type of design which reduces research time and effort D)It is efficient because both types of data are collected simultaneously
D)It is efficient because both types of data are collected simultaneously
Drawbacks to the triangulation design include A)Researcher must determine if participants should be used in both phases of the research or if a new sample from the original population will be used for the qualitative portion B)It is difficult to specify procedures of quantitative phase when applying for internal review board approval C)The fact that very few examples exist of integrating quantitative data with qualitative data D)It is the most challenging of the four types of designs because of the amount of researcher effort necessary
D)It is the most challenging of the four types of designs because of the amount of researcher effort necessary
ALL BUT WHICH of the following are true regarding the use of interviews in survey research A)High degree of interaction between researcher and participants B)Psychological connection between researcher and participant results in increased depth of information C)The participants are free to make additional comments D)They are less expensive than other means of survey research
D)They are less expensive than other means of survey research
Survey research is generally conducted for ALL BUT WHICH of the following purposes A)To identify problems or concerns B)To make comparisons or evaluations C)To support current practices D)To capture the lived experience of participants
D)To capture the lived experience of participants
When a researcher works with direct observation of a child with autism, asks parents to complete a behavior rating scale, and interviews a teacher about the child, the researcher is using A)Tripartite methodology B)Participant-observer methodology C)Unnecessary means of data collection D)Triangulation
D)Triangulation
Quantitative research questions include A)Descriptive questions B)Narrative questions C)Multivariate questions D)a & c only
D)a & c only
Action research is best conducted using the following designs A)qualitative B)quantitative C)mixed methods D)all of the above
D)all of the above
Action research may be best utilized when counselors want to A)improve their counseling practice B)showcase the results of a counseling program C)determine a need and a solution D)all of the above
D)all of the above
Qualitative research A)Is an open approach to social phenomena B)Reports data in narrative form C)Employs predetermined instruments to measure and observe D)Data is in numerical form E)A & B only F)C & D only
E)A & B only
Qualitative researchers should A)Use "how" or "what" to begin the research question B)Use language indicative of the emerging design C)As only one or two research questions D)Link research questions to interview questions E)All of the above
E)All of the above
Quantitative research A)Is an open approach to social phenomena B)Reports data in narrative form C)Employs predetermined instruments to measure and observe D)Data is in numerical form E)A & B only F)C & D only
F)C & D only
Cost is not a factor in determining survey research design True False
False
First drafts of surveys are typically amenable to pilot testing prior to review by others. True False
False
A 75% response rate is necessary for survey research to be considered valid. True False
True
A rule of thumb for survey design is to keep the wording as simple as possible. True False
True
Cross-sectional designs are the most common in survey research True False
True
Survey research is a form of descriptive research True False
True
