Quizzes midterm #1

The Earth's innermost layer is known as the core when considering ______________ properties, but is broken into 2 layers, outer core and inner core, when discussing ______________

Chemical & Physical

In addition to lava flows, volcanic processes can cause

Debris avalanches, tsunamis, Lahars

True or false: Normal faulting occurs when the hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall.

False

True or false: Shield volcanoes are steep-sided, symmetrical volcanic peaks built of alternating layers of pyroclastic debris capped by high-viscosity andesitic to rhyolitic lava flows.

False

Which characteristics describe a transform plate boundary?

Horizontal sliding plate motions, occurrence of earthquakes, and strike-slip faulting

The most peaceful eruptions are _____________.

Icelandic type eruptions

Which characteristics describe a divergent plate boundary?

Pulling apart plate motions, occurrence of earthquakes, and normal faulting

___ faults are commonly found at areas of plate convergence where subduction or continental collision occurs.

Reverse

Several geologic phenomena are considered precursors of an impending volcanic eruption. These include what, what, and what?

Seismic waves, ground deformation, release of gas

True or false: A majority of earthquakes occur on or near plate boundaries

True

True or false: Hot spots have active volcanoes above them on the Earth's surface and moving plates carry the volcanoes away from their hot-spot source.

True

True or false: Strike-slip (transform) faults usually link spreading centers or connect spreading centers with subduction zones.

True

True or false: The movements of the lithospheric plates are directly responsible for the vast majority of the earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountains on Earth.

True

True or false: The rates of plate movement are comparable to those of human fingernail growth.

True

True or false: The types of rock or sediment on which a structure's foundation sits are of paramount importance with respect to whether the structure will be damaged by shaking from an earthquake.

True

True or false: Volcanoes tend to occur mostly along plate boundaries.

True

Slow flowing, more viscous basaltic lava commonly has a rough, blocky texture called ________.

a'a

A caldera collapse occurs ________.

after the magma chamber is mostly empty

Volcanoes are formed at ____________________.

divergent and convergent plate boundaries

The _____ is where an earthquake starts and the __ is a surface point on a map directly above the __ .

hypocenter, epicenter, hypocenter

After lava cools, atoms in iron-bearing minerals on the seafloor become __________________. This evidence of _______________ is just one data set supporting the theory of plate tectonics.

magnetized in their direction of the earth's magnetic zone & seafloor spreading

When oceanic lithosphere collides with another plate, the ________ in the process of subduction.

older, colder plate goes beneath the younger, warmer plate

What type of motion is associated with divergent plate boundaries?

pull apart

What type of motion is associated with convergent plate boundaries?

push together

Which characteristics describe a convergent plate boundary?

pushing together plate motions, occurrence of earthquakes, and reverse faulting.

The primary cause(s) of death from explosive volcanic eruptions is(are) _______________.

pyroclastic flows

As radioactive atoms decay, energy is ________________.

released

What type of motion is associated with transform plate boundaries?

slide past

The three Vs of volcanology are __________________.

viscosity, volatiles, volume