Race in America chapter 2

Look at the cartoon and think about what the man on the right means when he says, "second." Which of the following years might reflect the actual "first time" nonwhite babies outnumbered white babies in America?

1510

The flow chart illustrates the enormous loss of life at various stages of the African slave trade. Fill in the boxes with the numbers that best indicate how many slaves out of 100 survived each phase of the process.

64, 57 48, 28

Select the country to which the largest number of enslaved Africans were transported between 1501 and 1867.

Brazil

The figure shows four different scenarios of changes in the American Indian population over time. Select the letter that corresponds to the line with the correct population change.

C

The invention of the cotton gin dramatically decreased the demand for slave labor in the United States.

False

Place the events in chronological order.

1. Cortes and his men are welcomed 2. Cortes and his followers lay siege 3. Aztecs are forced to work 4. Spanish colonizers reject

The Ku Klux Klan didn't only terrorize blacks. Which of the following groups were also targeted by the KKK?

Correct: Catholics, Native Americans Incorrect: Germans, women

Between 1850 and 1882, the Chinese population in the United States grew to 100,000. Identify the ways this growth in this Chinese immigration helped American capitalists.

Correct: Chinese immigrants provided an expendable labor force, Whites's wages were kept lower, Chinese immigrants helped develop the railroads. Incorrect: Chinese immigrants served as soldiers that removed Native Americans from their land, Chinese babies were born into slavery and counted as wealth.

Which of the following were essential for the invention of whiteness and blackness?

Correct: White indentured servants viewed themselves differently from black slaves, Europeans perceived they had something in common, tribal and ethnic differences among blacks were erased. Incorrect: Whites did not think the labor from Native Americans was valuable.

Which of the following factors contributed to the rapid decline of the American Indian population in North America?

Correct: diseases, wars with the English, and domesticated animals Incorrect: wars between tribes

Starting in the late 1800s, the swelling waves of immigrants from Southern, Eastern, and Central Europe resulted in a kind of fracturing of American whiteness. Identify the ways in which these groups eventually come to be considered simply "white" as they are today.

Correct: organizing through unions, by leveraging white employers' racial prejudices, the conceptual differentiation of "race" and "ethnicity", socially attacking nonwhites Incorrect: owning slaves, giving birth to children in the same ethnic group

Identify the policies that were implemented to improve the conditions of freed blacks in the years right after the Civil War (1865-1875).

Correct: voting rights for black men, citizenship rights for black women, citizenship rights for black men Incorrect: voting rights for black women, policies to reunite families separated by slavery, monetary compensation paid to former slaves per number of years for lost labor

Consider a scenario where a starving slave was caught stealing food from the plantation on which she was enslaved. As punishment, the slave owner gave the slave thirty-nine lashes. As a result of receiving the lashes, the slave died. Under the slave laws, which of the following crimes were committed, and which were not?

Crime committed: Theft Crime not committed: murdering a slave, neglect, excessive punishment of a slave

If the Spanish rather than the English had colonized North America, which of the following would most likely have happened?

Differences in skin tones in the United States would be less pronounced today.

Much of the early labor was completed by indentured servants. For example, ex-prisoners were brought from____jails. Over time, indentured servitude in America steadily evolved into slavery. However,_____ people did not make good slaves because they knew little about farming and agriculture.______ people did not make good slaves because their numbers were rapidly declining. Only ____ people knew farming and did not blend in with local populations.

English, Irish, Native American, African.

Racial classifications justified racial inequality by suggesting that this inequality was a natural ordering of the world. The idea emerged that all human behavior, including morality and diligence, was hereditary, and this was most famously associated with ______________. He coined the term ______________ to refer to a program that would ensure genetic purity. But some scientists, such as _________________ did critique these ideas and argued that such differences emerge from society. However, scientific theories that supported ______________________ were more likely to be backed by the power elite than theories that challenged the status quo.

Francis Galton, eugenics, Ashley Montagu, white supremacy

Many Irish people were forcibly taken to North America, where they worked for three or four years before being granted their freedom. Identify the concepts that reflect this example.

Indentured servitude

As the American capitalist economy grew into the 1800s, whites sought more land to turn into profit. However, Native Americans still occupied much of the land. To deal with this "Indian problem," the U.S. government passed a number of laws that removed Indians from their land.Place the following acts and events that were part of this legislative process in chronological order.

Indian Removal Act, Indian Intercourse Act, Trail of Tears, General Allotment Act

The development of the concept of race must be understood in the context of modernity, which encompassed a new set of beliefs, practices, and worldviews.Match each person to his correct accomplishment that contributed to the rising of modernity.

Marco Polo: His narratives provided accounts of asian lands that europeans never knew existed Copernicus: He was the first to argue that the earth rotated around the sun Thomas More: He coined the term "utopia" Martin Luther: His ideas sparked the protestant reformation

Beginning in 1865, ___________ was formed to maintain white supremacy. Among other things, they stopped blacks from voting. As Reconstruction was ending, Jim Crow segregation was put into place. The term "Jim Crow" was taken from a song created by _________________________________, who popularized ___________________. Segregation was later given full legal weight with the 1896 Supreme Court case, ____________________.

The KKK, Thomas "Daddy" Rice, minstrel shows, Plessy v. Ferguson

Members of some "African" tribes actively participated in the slave trade.

True

During the so-called Age of Discovery, Europeans were defining themselves as a collective group against the "strange" peoples of the East. As a result, people from China, Japan, and other Asian countries, as well as those from the Middle East, came to the United States already perceived as _____. This process helped the American military to overthrow the monarchy and annex the islands of ______. It also helped to provoke sentiment against the _____i, who worked in the California goldmines and were segregated in their own schools. It ultimately made it easier to pass the Immigration Act of 1924, which prohibited nearly all _____ immigration.

an "other", Hawaii, Chinese, Asian

Identify the European countries that played the largest role in giving birth to the system of racial classification that we have today.

correct answers: Spain and England Incorrect answers: Portugal and Ireland