racial, ethnic, sex, gender, and work and the economy

Racial/ ethnic definitions used by Census have change over time

"Mulatto" last appeared in 1920 "Hispanic" added in 1970 Option to claim multiracial identity added in 2000

nonbinary

A gender identity that does not fit squarely into the male-female binary classification

"second shift"

Balancing demands of work outside the home with work inside the home

hispanic/latino americans

Became the largest racial/ethnic minority group in th US in 2000, account for about half of all population growth since then Over half of the Hispanic population resides in just five states(CA, TX, FL, NY and AZ) but this is changing rapidly

Gender Nonconformity as Deviant

Because the social construction of gender is normative, nonconformity can be norm-breaking

A changing economy

Changes in labor supply and demand

gender binary

Classification of gender into two discrete and non-overlapping forms of masculine and feminine

Changing norms

Cross-cultural comparisons Changing gender roles such as relationships to paid employment

Deindustrialization(post-industrial)

Decline in industrial and factory-based moving towards something new and different Shift from goods-producing to a service-based economy

William J Wilson

Early periods of Black experience were characterized by overt racial oppression (i.e., slavery, Jim Crow) Victories of the Civil Rights Movement broke down many legal barriers

Economic Restructuring

Economic opportunity structure facing American workers is rapidly changing

Conflict perspective: US economy

Expanding domination of a global corporate elite Does not represent the best interests of the vast majority of people Represents a "race to the bottom"

symbolic interactionist perspective: gender

Gender relations are best understood by observing micro-level interactions

conflict perspective: gender

Gender relations are characterized by unequal power

Functionalist perspective: gender

Gender-role differentiation contributes to social stability

immigrants

Greater in numbers immigrating to the us today than in any previous period in history

ethnic group

Groupings based on a common geographic origin and distinctive cultural characteristics (i.e., language, religion, dress, and other customs)

racial groups

Groupings based on socially significant physical characteristics and beliefs about a common ancestry

Globalization

Increasing interdependence of national economies Increasing transnational flows of people, goods, services, capital, and culture Having a profound impact on work and culture around the globe

native americans

Native Americans represent a diverse array of tribal cultures Increasing numbers are claiming native american identity though shrinking as a share of the national population Historical legacy of forced migration and the reservation system

asian americans

One of th fastes growing race/ethnic groups in the US Growth being fueled by immigration Encompass wide array of nationalities

demography

People are born they move around then die

white americans

Refers to people of with origins in Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa Traditionally the racial/ethnic majority group in the US (numerically and socially)

Racial/ethnic status can have profound impacts on life chances

Reflect differences in group owner and other dimensions of social inequality

socialism

Relies on social ownership of the means of production and distribution(e.g..State Socialism- where the government owns; or Cooperative Socialism- where workers own)

comparative advantage

Resulting in the most efficient distribution of goods and services worldwide

Contingent workforce

Rise in outsourcing subcontracting and temporary work contracts

Social construction of race/ ethnicity

Social factors (history, culture, politics, economics, etc.) have a major role in shaping the meaning of race

gender

Socially formed traits of masculinity and femininity; presentation of self and social expectations

discrimination

The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups

Functionalist perspective: US economy

The globalization of capitalism is functional for the world system Allows nations to exercise their comparative advantage

Capitalism

The increasingly dominant form of economic organization worldwide Reliance on the market versus other means of production and distribution Relies on private ownership of the means of production and distribution

african americans

Traditionally the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the US Contemporary inequality rooted in the historical legacy of slavery, Jim Crowe, and other forms of discrimination

Race/ethnicity are ascribed statuses

You as a person don't do anything to receive these statuses but the society around you dictates what it means in the flow of society

Race/ethnicity are often master statuses

a status that has exceptional importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life

social institutions

basic modes of social activity followed by the vast majority of members of society

Social institution

basic modes of social activity followed by vast majority of members of society

Sex

biological and anatomical differences, especially based on reproductive organs and structures, distinguishing males from females

Extended family

broader network of relatives connected through blood and marriage

economic restructuring characterized by two trends

deindustrialization and Rise in contingent employment relations

transgender

identification/expression of a gender identity that differs from their sex at birth

Does one group dominate the asian american group?

no

household

one or more people who occupy a house, apartment, or other residential unit

Nuclear family

parents and unmarried children typically living together

institutional racism/discrimination

racism or discrimination that is built into the workings of societal institutions, can exist without express intention

Massey and Denton

residential segregation

economy is what related to social aspects

social institution

racism

the attribution of superiority or inferiority based on race

Family

tow or more people living together, related by blood, marriage, or adoption

does one group dominate the hispanic population

yes, mexican