RAD 230 Ch 15
The dilated portion of the distal esophagus is termed the -cardiac antrum -fundus -incisura cardiaca -cardiac notch
cardiac antrum
The esophagus joins the stomach through an opening called the: -pyloric orifice. -cardiac orifice. -cardiac sphincter. -pyloric sphincter.
cardiac orifice
The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is the: -cecum. -rectum. -sigmoid colon. -vermiform appendix.
cecum
The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the: -cecum. -ileum. -sigmoid. -ascending colon.
cecum
Which position is used for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus? -25 to 30 degree LAO -25 to 30 degree RAO -35 to 40 degree LAO -35 to 40 degree RAO
35 to 40 degree RAO
The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the large intestine is: -10 to 20. -15 to 30. -20 to 30. -35 to 45.
35 to 45
The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is _____ degrees. -10 to 15 -15 to 25 -20 to 30 -35 to 45
35 to 45
How many natural constrictions are in the esophagus? -1 -2 -3 -4
4
How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? -10 to 20 degrees -15 to 45 degrees -30 to 60 degrees -40 to 70 degrees
40 to 70 degrees
What is the average degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? -45 degrees -50 degrees -55 degrees -60 degrees
45 degrees
What is the length of the large intestine? -3 feet -5 feet -7 feet -8 feet
5 feet
At which plane is the central ray positioned for the PA oblique projections (LAO or RAO) of the large intestine? -Midsagittal plane -A longitudinal plane directly over the vertebral column -A longitudinal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side -A longitudinal plane 4 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side
A longitudinal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side
What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines? -Inspiration -Expiration -Suspended respiration -Slow, shallow breathing
Expiration
Rectal retention enema tips should be fully inflated by the technologist before beginning a barium enema. -True -False
False
Sodium bicarbonate is often used as a negative contrast medium during an upper GI series. -True -False
False
Which division of the duodenum contains the duodenal bulb or cap? -Second (descending) -Third (horizontal) -Fourth (ascending) -First (superior)
First (superior)
The opening inside the duodenum where pancreatic enzymes and bile enter is called the: -pyloric portion. -duodenal bulb. -hepatopancreatic ampulla. -greater duodenal papilla.
greater duodenal papilla
The large intestine is made up of a series of pouches called the: -cecum. -rugae. -haustra. -taeniae coli.
haustra
The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct usually unite to form the: -pyloric portion. -duodenal bulb. -hepatopancreatic ampulla. -greater duodenal papilla.
hepatopancreatic ampulla
A high and transverse stomach would be found in a(n) ____ patient. -hypersthenic -hyposthenic -asthenic -sthenic
hypersthenic
The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the: -ileocecal valve. -ampulla of Vater. -pyloric valve. -greater duodenal papilla.
ileocecal valve
The most distal portion of the small intestine is the: -ileum. -pylorus. -jejunum. -duodenum.
ileum
Inflation of the retention balloon for a barium enema should be inflated by the: -radiographer without fluoroscopy. -radiologist using fluoroscopy. -radiographer using fluoroscopy. -radiologists without fluoroscopy.
radiologist using fluoroscopy.
The esophagus is located ____ to the larynx. -anterior -proximal -posterior -inferior
posterior
The part of the stomach identified in the figure below is the: -greater curvature. -pyloric antrum. -pyloric canal. -pyloric sphincter.
pyloric antrum
Gastric emptying studies are performed using: -radionuclides. -CT. -MRI. -intraesophageal sonography.
radionuclides
what structure is not considered part of the colon?
rectum
Which structure is air-filled on double-contrast images of the stomach obtained in the PA oblique projection, RAO position? -Pylorus -Body -Fundus -Duodenal loop
Fundus
Which drug may be given to the patient before a double-contrast examination of the stomach to relax the gastrointestinal tract? -Heparin -Glucagon -Demerol -Oral chlorhydrate
Glucagon
Which term describes the outer, lateral border of the stomach? -Incisura angularis -Lesser curvature -Greater curvature -Gastric border
Greater curvature
For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal? -Sthenic -Asthenic -Hyposthenic -Hypersthenic
Hypersthenic
Which part of the small intestine makes up three fifths of its entirety
Ileum
Which of the following is not one of the cardinal principles of radiation protection? -Shielding -Time -Intensity -Distance
Intensity
Which of the following statements is true about barium sulfate? -It should be discarded if not used within an hour after mixing. -The patient may become ill if it is not prepared with sterile water. -It rarely produces an allergic reaction. -It is soluble in water.
It rarely produces an allergic reaction.
One radiograph of an upper GI series needs repeating. The technologist is unsure which projection and/or position is seen on this radiograph. The fundus is filled with barium, and the pylorus and duodenal bulb are profiled and air filled. The patient was recumbent for all projections. Which projection and/or position needs to be repeated? -Right lateral -RAO -PA -LPO
LPO
Which of the following upper GI projections and/or positions will best demonstrate the pylorus and duodenal bulb in profile during a double-contrast study? -PA -AP -LAO -LPO
LPO
Which two positions will demonstrate the right colic flexure? -LPO -RAO -RPO -LAO
LPO and RAO
Which projection is used for images made during defecography? -AP -AP axial -Lateral -AP, decubitus position
Lateral
Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces? -PA -Lateral -AP oblique, LPO -PA oblique, RAO
Lateral
Which of the following barium enema projections and/or positions provides the greatest amount of gonadal dosage to both male and female patients? -Left posterior oblique -Left lateral decubitus -Lateral rectum -AP/PA
Lateral rectum
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the posterior portions of the colon? -Lateral -Lateral, ventral decubitus -AP oblique, LPO and RPO -AP, right lateral decubitus
Lateral, ventral decubitus
Which of the following positions best demonstrates the left colic flexure? -LPO -Left anterior oblique (LAO) -Left lateral decubitus -Left lateral
Left anterior oblique (LAO)
Which aspect of the large intestine is located highest, or most superior, in the abdomen? -Left colic flexure -Right colic flexure -Transverse colon -Ascending colon
Left colic flexure
Where is the IR centered for delayed images of the small intestine? -Level of the iliac crests -1 inch above the iliac crests -2 inches above the iliac crests -At the costal margin/L3
Level of the iliac crests
Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection of the large intestine? -Midsagittal plane -Midcoronal plane -A longitudinal plane 2 inches anterior to the median coronal plane -A longitudinal plane 2 inches posterior to the median coronal plane
Midcoronal plane
Which of the following substances are not digested chemically? -Lipids -Minerals -Carbohydrates -Proteins
Minerals
Patient preparation for an adult upper GI series includes: -NPO 24 hours before the procedure. -nothing; no patient preparation is required. -NPO 8 hours before the procedure. -NPO 4 hours before the procedure.
NPO 8 hours before the procedure.
When are small bowel series deemed to be complete? -Once the contrast media passes the duodenojejunal flexure -Once the contrast media passes the ileocecal valve -Two hours after the ingestion of barium -Once the contrast media reaches the rectum
Once the contrast media passes the ileocecal valve
Where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity? -In the floor of the mouth next to the frenulum -In the floor of the mouth along the crest of the sublingual fold -Opposite the second upper molar -Opposite the second lower molar
Opposite the second upper molar
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure? -AP axial -Lateral -PA oblique, LAO -PA oblique, RAO
PA oblique, LAO
What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the esophagus? -AP, LAO -AP, LPO -PA, RAO -PA, LAO
PA, RAO
Which two are components of the alimentary canal? -Pharynx -Liver -Pancreas -Stomach
Pharynx and Stomach
What is the classification of barium sulfate as a contrast media? -Radiopaque -Radiolucent -Negative contrast media -Isodense
Radiopaque
What anatomy is best demonstrated in this image? -Sigmoid -Ascending colon -Rectum -Descending colon
Rectum
Which of the following structures is not considered part of the colon? -Transverse colon -Right and left colic flexures -Rectum -All of the above are part of the colon.
Rectum
What is the recommended general body position for a radiographic series of the esophagus? -Upright -Recumbent -Seated -Trendelenburg
Recumbent
Which of the following conditions may produce the "cobblestone" or "string" sign? -Whipple disease -Giardiasis -Ileus -Regional enteritis (Crohn's disease)
Regional enteritis (Crohn's disease)
Which structure of the large intestine is best demonstrated if the patient is rotated 45 degrees from a supine position to move the right side of the abdomen away from the x-ray table during a BE examination? -Right colic flexure -Transverse colon -Descending colon -Left colic flexure
Right colic flexure
What type of breathing instructions should be given to the patient during an esophagogram using a thin barium mixture? -Suspended respiration while continuing to swallow -Suspended inspiration after the last swallow -Shallow breathing and continued swallowing during exposure -Exposure immediately after last bolus is swallowed (patient will not be breathing immediately after swallow)
Shallow breathing and continued swallowing during exposure
In which position should the patient be placed to insert the enema tip for a barium enema? -Sims -Trendelenburg -Lithotomy -Right lateral
Sims
Which of the following procedures is considered as a functional study? -Small bowel series -Barium enema -Enteroclysis -Air-contrast BE
Small bowel series
What is the term for the three bands of muscle that pull the large intestine into pouches? -Haustra -Taenia coli -Valvulae conniventes -Suspensory ligaments
Taenia coli
Which of the following patient care concerns would prevent the use of an oral, water-soluble contrast medium? -The patient has a possible ulcer. -The patient has dysphasia. -The patient has esophageal reflux. -The patient is sensitive to iodine.
The patient is sensitive to iodine.
Which of the following statements is NOT true in regard to a pediatric small bowel series? -A gonadal shield often cannot be used during the later stages of the study. -Barium sulfate is the contrast medium of choice. -The small bowel series should be scheduled early in the morning. -The transit time for barium through the small intestine is longer than that of an adult
The transit time for barium through the small intestine is longer than that of an adult
How many pairs of salivary glands are in the mouth? Two Three Four Five
Three
The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions? -Three -Four -Five -Eight
Three
Which of the following is not one of the salivary glands? Tonsil Parotid Sublingual Submandibular
Tonsil
Swallowed air can be used as a negative contrast medium during an upper GI series. -True -False
True
A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of HPS. Which of the following imaging modalities will best demonstrate this condition? -Upper GI series -CT -Ultrasound -Nuclear medicine
Ultrasound
Which of the imaging modalities or procedures is most effective and preferred in diagnosing HPS? -Ultrasound -CT -Upper GI series -Nuclear medicine
Ultrasound
A patient comes to radiology for a double-contrast barium enema. The patient cannot lie on her side during the study. Which of the following projections could replace the lateral rectum projection? -LPO axial projection -AP axial -Dorsal decubitus -Ventral decubitus
Ventral decubitus
A large outpouching of the proximal esophagus above the upper esophageal sphincter is termed: -Zenker diverticulum. -esophageal varices. -Barrett esophagus. -esophageal reflux.
Zenker diverticulum.
The patient "prep" for a morning stomach examination is food and fluid are withheld: -after midnight. -after the evening meal. -for 12 hours. -for 24 hours.
after midnight.
The patient preparation for a small intestine examination is food and fluid withheld: -after the evening meal. -after the evening meal and no breakfast. -for 12 hours. -for 24 hours.
after the evening meal and no breakfast
The area of the colon identified in the figure below is the: -left colic flexure. -right colic flexure. -ascending colon. -descending colon.
ascending colon
Central ray and image receptor centering for a 1-hour small bowel radiograph should be: -at the level of the iliac crest. -at the level of the ASIS. -2 inches (5 cm) above level of the iliac crest. -1 inch (2.5 cm) below the level of the iliac crest.
at the level of the iliac crest.
Research suggests that peptic ulcers may be caused by: -smoking. -bacteria. -antibiotics. -alcohol.
bacteria
Enzymes that aid in chemical digestion are classified as: -amino acids. -lipids. -biologic catalysts. -digestive acids.
biologic catalysts.
The area of the colon identified in the figure below is the: -cecum. -ileum. -sigmoid. -rectum.
cecum
A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed: -cholangiography. -cholecystography. -hepatography. -hepatorrhaphy.
cholangiography
The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the: -ascending colon. -descending colon. -R colic flexure. -transverse colon.
descending colon
For which radiographic exams of the GI tract is "high-density" barium sulfate used? -enteroclysis -single-contrast -double-contrast -modified barium swallow
double-contrast
The widest portion of the small bowel is the: -ileum. -duodenum. -jejunum. -sigmoid.
duodenum
The general term used to describe the surgical procedure of forming an artificial opening to the intestine for the passage of fecal material is: -colostomy. -enterectomy. -enterotomy. -enterostomy.
enterostomy
The opening between the stomach and esophagus is termed the: -cardiac antrum. -cardiac notch. -esophagocardiac junction. -esophagogastric junction.
esophagogastric junction.
The area identified in the figure below is the: -fundus. -body. -cardiac antrum. -greater curvature.
fundus
Saliva contains certain enzymes to begin the digestion of: -starch. -minerals. -proteins. -lipids.
starch
A stomach with the duodenal bulb at the level of L1-2 would be found in a(n) ____ patient. -sthenic -hypersthenic -asthenic -hyposthenic
sthenic
The PA projection of the stomach best demonstrates the: -fundus. -duodenal bulb. -anterior aspect. -stomach contour and duodenal bulb.
stomach contour and duodenal bulb
The respiration phase for all projections of the large intestine is: -inspiration. -expiration. -suspended respiration. -slow, shallow breathing.
suspended respiration
For all projections of the esophagus, the top of the IR is positioned at: -C7. -T5. -the level of the eyes. -the level of the mouth.
the level of the mouth
The mucosa of the small intestine contains a series of fingerlike projections called: -villi. -rugae. -haustra. -taeniae coli.
villi
What is the absolute maximum exposure time for images of the GI tract to avoid imaging peristaltic motion? -0.01 second -0.05 second -0.1 second -0.5 second
-0.5 second
How long does it take barium to go through the alimentary canal and reach the rectum? -12 hours -24 hours -36 hours -48 hours
-24 hours
What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus? -20 degrees -30 degrees -20 to 30 degrees -35 to 40 degrees
-35 to 40 degrees
The salivary glands produce how much saliva each day? 0.25 L 0.50 L 1 L 1.5 L
1 L
Which positions will best demonstrate the retrogastric portion of the duodenum and jejunum on an AP projection of the stomach? 1. Supine 2. Trendelenburg 3. Standing -1 and 2 -1 and 3 -2 and 3 -1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
Which methods are used to administer barium for a radiographic examination of the small intestine? 1. By mouth 2. Reflux filling 3. Enteroclysis -1 and 2 -1 and 3 -2 and 3 -1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract? 1. Air 2. Barium sulfate 3. Water-soluble iodinated solution -1 and 2 -1 and 3 -2 and 3 -1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
How far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema? -8 to 12 inches -18 to 24 inches -24 to 36 inches -4 to 6 feet
18 to 24 inches
Methods of radiographically examining the colon include: 1. enteroclysis. 2. single-contrast. 3. double-contrast. -1 and 2 -1 and 3 -2 and 3 -1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
Which of the following are advantages of using the double-contrast technique for examination of the stomach? 1. Fewer images are required. 2. Small lesions are not obscured. 3. The mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized. -1 and 2 -1 and 3 -2 and 3 -1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
Which of the following describes the function of the spleen? 1. Produces glucagon. 2. Produces lymphocytes. 3. Stores and removes dead red blood cells. -1 and 2 -1 and 3 -2 and 3 -1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure? 1. Right lateral 2. AP oblique, LPO 3. PA oblique, RAO -1 and 2 -1 and 3 -2 and 3 -1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
Where is the IR centered for images of the small intestine that are taken within 30 minutes of drinking the barium? -Level of the iliac crests -1 inch above the iliac crests -2 inches above the iliac crests -At the costal margin/L3
2 inches above the iliac crests
What is the length of the average adult small intestine? -10 feet -12 feet -20 feet -22 feet
22 feet
Food and fluid should be withheld for how many hours before a stomach examination? -2 -4 -8 -12
8
What percentage of the population will have a combination of sthenic and hyposthenic body habitus? -50% -60% -75% -85%
85%
A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum can be performed using a 10 ´ 12-inch (24 ´ 30 cm) exposure field. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection? -The midsagittal plane -A sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the right of the vertebral column -A sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the left of the vertebral column -A sagittal plane passing halfway between the midline and the lateral border of the abdomen
A sagittal plane passing halfway between the midline and the lateral border of the abdomen
Which two are essential projections for examination of the small intestine? -AP -Lateral -PA -AP oblique
AP and PA
All of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series, except: -AP axial oblique. -AP. -lateral. -PA oblique.
AP axial oblique.
Which projection of the stomach is demonstrated in this figure? -PA -PA oblique -AP oblique -Lateral
AP oblique
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach? -PA -AP oblique, LPO -PA oblique, LAO -PA oblique, RAO
AP oblique, LPO
Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation? -PA -AP -AP, Trendelenburg position -AP, R lateral decubitus
AP, Trendelenburg position
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and the medial aspect of the descending colon, when the colon is inflated with air? -AP oblique, RPO -AP oblique, LPO -AP, right lateral decubitus -AP, left lateral decubitus
AP, left lateral decubitus
Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and the lateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air? -AP oblique, RPO -AP oblique, LPO -AP, right lateral decubitus -AP, left lateral decubitus
AP, right lateral decubitus
A radiograph of an AP barium enema (BE) projection reveals poor visualization of the sigmoid due to excessive superimposition of the sigmoid colon and rectum. How can this area be better visualized on the repeat exposure? -Increase kV. -Take a PA projection with a 30° to 40° cephalad CR angle. -Take a PA projection with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position. -Angle the central ray (CR) 30° to 40° cephalad with AP projection.
Angle the central ray (CR) 30° to 40° cephalad with AP projection.
Which sections of the large intestine will most likely be filled with air with the patient in the prone position during a double-contrast barium enema?
Ascending & descending colon along with the rectum
For which type of body habitus is the large intestine bunched together and positioned very low in the abdomen? -Sthenic -Asthenic -Hyposthenic -Hypersthenic
Asthenic
For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical? -Sthenic -Asthenic -Hyposthenic -Hypersthenic
Asthenic
Why is the posteroanterior (PA) rather than the AP projection recommended for a small bowel series? -Less gonadal dose for female patients -Places small intestine closer to image receptor (IR) -Better separation of loops of small intestine -More comfortable for patient
Better separation of loops of small intestine
Which of the following devices reduces scatter exposure during fluoroscopy from the fluoroscopy tube? -Compression paddle -Bucky slot cover -Lead gloves -Bucky tray
Bucky slot cover
Which of the following is not a main subdivision of the stomach? -Body -Pylorus -Fundus -Cardium
Cardium
Which part of the large intestine has the widest diameter
Cecum
Which two are advantages of using the recumbent position for images of the esophagus? -Easier to swallow barium -Varices better filled with contrast -Proximal portion more completely filled with contrast -Demonstration of hiatal hernia
Varices better filled with contrast and Proximal portion more completely filled with contrast
Which of the following best describes the administration of barium for an esophagram being performed for esophageal varices? -Swallow the barium, inhale. -Swallow the barium, exhale. -Exhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out. -Inhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out.
-Exhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out.
Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile? -PA -PA oblique, RAO -AP oblique, LPO -AP oblique, RPO
-PA oblique, RAO
The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is: -air. -carbon dioxide. -barium sulfate. -water-soluble iodine.
-barium sulfate.
The area identified in the figure below is the: -fundus. -angular notch. -cardiac antrum. -lesser curvature.
-cardiac antrum.
The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called the: -cardiac notch. -abdominal esophagus. -cardiac antrum. -esophagogastric junction.
-cardiac antrum.
One of the most important technical considerations in gastrointestinal radiography is: -elimination of motion. -speed of the examination. -production of a high-contrast image. -production of a high-resolution image.
-elimination of motion.
The muscle controlling the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the: -pylorus. -pyloric sphincter. -pyloric antrum. -ileocecal valve.
-pyloric sphincter.
During an operative cholangiogram, the surgeon injects the contrast medium directly into the biliary system. Which of the following projections are typically done during this procedure in surgery? 1. AP 2. AP oblique, RPO 3. AP oblique, LPO -1 and 2 -1 and 3 -2 and 3 -1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
The main functions of the small bowel are _____ of food. 1. digestion 2. absorption 3. storage -1 and 2 -1 and 3 -2 and 3 -1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
Which are essential oblique projections of the stomach and duodenum? 1. AP projection, LPO 2. PA projection, RAO 3. PA projection, LAO -1 and 2 -1 and 3 -2 and 3 -1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon? 1. PA oblique, LAO 2. AP oblique, RPO 3. Left lateral -1 and 2 -1 and 3 -2 and 3 -1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
How much lower should the IR be positioned when the upright position is used for projections of the stomach? -1/2 to 1 inch -2 to 2.5 inches -4 to 5 inches -3 to 6 inches
3 to 6 inches
How long is the entire alimentary canal? 5 feet 10 feet 20 feet 30 feet
30 feet
What is the central-ray angulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine? -10 to 20 degrees cephalad -30 to 40 degrees cephalad -10 to 20 degrees caudad -30 to 40 degrees caudad
30 to 40 degrees caudad
The central-ray angulation for the AP axial projection of the large intestine is: -10 to 20 degrees caudad. -30 to 40 degrees caudad. -10 to 20 degrees cephalad. -30 to 40 degrees cephalad.
30 to 40 degrees cephalad
The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique stomach radiographic images ranges from _____ degrees. -20 to 30 -30 to 40 -40 to 50 -30 to 60
30 to 60
Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? -Midsagittal plane -A longitudinal plane passing 4 inches to the right of the vertebral column -A longitudinal plane passing 4 inches to the left of the vertebral column -A longitudinal plane midway between the vertebrae and the lateral border of the elevated side
A longitudinal plane midway between the vertebrae and the lateral border of the elevated side
Which of the following planes is positioned to the center of the grid for the lateral projection of the stomach and duodenum? -Midcoronal plane -A coronal plane passing 2 inches posterior to the median coronal plane -A coronal plane passing 2 inches anterior to the median coronal plane -A plane passing midway between the midcoronal plane and the anterior surface of the abdomen
A plane passing midway between the midcoronal plane and the anterior surface of the abdomen
At what level is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the rectosigmoid area? -ASIS -Iliac crests -2 inches above the iliac crests -2 inches below the iliac crests
ASIS
Toward which aspect(s) of the stomach will barium gravitate with the patient in a prone position? -Fundus -Cardiac -Body and pylorus -Fundus and body
Body and pylorus
Functions of the stomach include which two of the following? -Absorption of nutrients -Chemical breakdown of food -Elimination of waste products -Storage of food
Chemical breakdown of food and Storage of food
What type of solution is formed when barium is mixed with water? -Hypotonic solution -Isotonic solution -Colloidal suspension -Water-soluble solution
Colloidal suspension
What anatomy is labeled with the arrow in this image? -Cecum -Ascending colon -Descending colon -Sigmoid
Descending colon
Which one of the following cardinal principles of radiation protection is most effective in reducing the dose to the technologist during fluoroscopy? -Time -Intensity Shielding -Distance
Distance
What type of contrast media is ideal for demonstrating a diverticulum within the stomach? -Radiolucent -Double-contrast barium/negative contrast agent -Water soluble -Single-contrast barium sulfate
Double-contrast barium/negative contrast agent
A patient comes to radiology with a history of a gastric ulcer. Which of the following procedures would be most diagnostic to demonstrate this lesion? -Carbon dioxide upper GI series -Oral, water-soluble upper GI series -Single-contrast barium sulfate upper GI series -Double-contrast upper GI series
Double-contrast upper GI series
Which part of the small intestine has the largest diameter? -Duodenum -Ileum -Jejunum -Cecum
Duodenum
Which two are the main functions of the large intestine? (Select all that apply.) -Elimination of waste products -Digestion of food -Reabsorption of fluids -Absorption of food
Elimination of waste products and Reabsorption of fluids
What is the most common radiographic procedure performed to diagnose GERD? -Esophagogram -CT -Endoscopy -Upper GI series
Endoscopy
Which of the following conditions involves dilated veins in the distal aspect of the esophagus, which in some cases can lead to internal bleeding? -Esophageal thrombosis -Esophageal reflux -Esophageal hypertension -Esophageal varices
Esophageal varices
A pediatric patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a small, plastic object stuck in her esophagus. PA and lateral chest radiographs fail to demonstrate the foreign body. Which of the following procedures would be most effective in demonstrating the location of the object? -Esophagogram using very thick barium -Esophagogram using shredded cotton soaked in barium -Esophagogram with the water test -Upper GI series
Esophagogram using shredded cotton soaked in barium
The stomach wall is composed of how many layers? -One -Two -Four -Five
Four
The wall of the colon is composed of how many layers? -One -Two -Three -Four
Four
The wall of the esophagus is composed of how many layers of tissue? -One -Two -Three -Four
Four
The wall of the small intestine is composed of how many coats? -Two -Three -Four -Five
Four
Which specific part of the pancreas is adjacent to the C-loop of the duodenum? -Tail -Head -Body -Neck
Head
The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the stomach will depend on the body habitus. The greatest degree of rotation would be used for which body habitus? -Sthenic -Asthenic -Hypersthenic -Hyposthenic
Hypersthenic
Where is the IR centered for all decubitus projections of the large intestine? -Costal margin -Iliac crests -2 inches above the iliac crests -2 inches below the iliac crests
Iliac crests
Where is the IR centered on sthenic patients for the double-contrast images of the large intestine? -Iliac crests -Costal margin -2 inches above the iliac crests -2 inches below the iliac crests
Iliac crests
Where does the submandibular duct open into the oral cavity? -In the floor of the mouth next to the frenulum -In the floor of the mouth along the crest of the sublingual fold -Opposite the second upper molar -Opposite the second lower molar
In the floor of the mouth next to the frenulum
Which part of the small intestine has a feathery appearance when filled with barium? -Jejunum -Duodenum -Ileum -Cecum
Jejunum
At which level is the IR centered for a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum? -T12/L1 -L1/L2 -L2/L3 -Iliac crests
L1/L2
At which level is the IR centered for an AP or PA oblique stomach and duodenum? -L1/L2 -L2/L3 -L3/L4 -Iliac crests
L1/L2
During a single-contrast barium enema, the radiologist detects a possible defect within the right colic flexure. Which of the following projections and/or positions best demonstrates this region of the colon? -LPO -RPO -AP axial -LAO
LPO
Which part of the GI tract synthesizes and absorbs vitamins B and K?
Large intestine
Which projection does not require colic flexures to be included in the image? -Lateral -AP obliques -Left lateral decubitus -AP
Lateral
How far is the enema tip inserted into the rectum for a colon examination? -No more than 2 inches -No more than 3 inches -No more than 4 inches -No more than 5 inches
No more than 4 inches
Patient preparation for an esophagram includes NPO _____ before the procedure. -4 to 6 hours -30 minutes to 1 hour -4 to 6 hours and no gum chewing or smoking -None of the above; patient preparation is not needed as long as an upper GI series is not scheduled to follow.
None of the above; patient preparation is not needed as long as an upper GI series is not scheduled to follow.
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon? -PA oblique, RAO -PA oblique, LAO -PA axial -AP axial
PA oblique, RAO
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure? -PA oblique, RAO -PA oblique, LAO -PA axial -AP axial
PA oblique, RAO
The entire colon is best demonstrated in which projection? -PA or AP -PA axial -PA oblique -Lateral
PA or AP
Which salivary glands are the largest? -Parotid -Submandibular -Sublingual -Submandibular and sublingual are equal in size
Parotid
Which two forces or processes propel food down the esophagus? -Peristalsis and gravity -Deglutition and mastication -Gravity and deglutition -Peristalsis and rhythmic segmentation
Peristalsis and gravity
Which aspect of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is primarily responsible for the absorption of digestive end products along with water, vitamins, and minerals? -Stomach -Small intestine -Pancreas -Large intestine
Small intestine
Which examination requires the use of time markers on the images? -Stomach -Small intestine -Large intestine -ERCP
Small intestine
Which salivary gland is located on the floor of the mouth? -Parotid -Submandibular -Sublingual -Submandibular and sublingual
Sublingual
At what stage of respiration should the enema tip be inserted into the rectum? -During deep breaths -During shallow breaths -Suspended expiration -Suspended inspiration
Suspended expiration
A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum is often performed using a 14 ´ 17-inch (35 ´ 43 cm) exposure field. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection? -The midsagittal plane -A sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the right of the vertebral column -A sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the left of the vertebral column -A sagittal plane passing halfway between the midline and the lateral border of the abdomen
The midsagittal plane
The RAO position of the esophagus is preferred over the left anterior oblique (LAO) because it: -is a more comfortable position for the patient. -is easier for the patient to hold the cup of barium in his or her left hand. -increases the visibility of the esophagus between the vertebrae and heart. -reduces thyroid exposure to the patient.
increases the visibility of the esophagus between the vertebrae and heart.
All of these projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area, except: -lateral. -left lateral decubitus. -PA axial. -AP axial.
left lateral decubitus
The hard palate is formed by the: ethmoid and vomer. ethmoid and palatine bone. maxillae and vomer. maxillae and palatine bone.
maxillae and palatine bone.
The jejunum and ileum are attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by the: -haustra. -iliacus muscle. -psoas muscle. -mesentery.
mesentery
The opening between the stomach and the small intestine is termed the pyloric: -sphincter. -antrum. -orifice. -canal.
orifice
The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents toward the rectum are called: -respiration. -peristalsis. -mastication. -deglutition.
peristalsis
The primary importance of preparation of the intestinal tract for examination of the colon is that: -it improves retention of contrast. -it decreases risk of adverse reactions. -it eliminates the need for a scout image. -retained fecal matter can simulate pathology.
retained fecal matter can simulate pathology
The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the: -left colic flexure. -right colic flexure. -sigmoid colon. -duodenojejunal flexure.
right colic flexure
The folds of the thick inner lining of the stomach are termed the: -rugae. -serous. -mucous layer. -submucous layer.
rugae
Radiographic examination of the salivary glands using contrast medium is called: parotitis. angiography. sialography. sialostenosis.
sialography
The area of the colon identified in the figure below is the: -cecum. -ileum. -rectum. -sigmoid.
sigmoid
