Radiation

Order the waves from shortest wavelength (1) to longest wavelength (4). Gamma rays: Microwaves: Radio: Visible light:

1 3 4 2

What occurs when someone places an ice pack on an injured ankle? Conduction causes the ice pack to lose thermal energy. Conduction causes the ankle to gain thermal energy. Cold from the ice pack is transferred to the ankle. Heat from the ankle is transferred to the ice pack.

Heat from the ankle is transferred to the ice pack.

Anya recorded the temperatures of four different smooth materials after they were placed under a heat lamp for thirty minutes. Which conclusion is best supported by the information in the chart? Material W is less absorbent than material Z. Material Y is the least reflective. Material X is more reflective than material W. Material Z is the least absorbent.

Material W is less absorbent than material Z.

When Object 1 came into contact with Object 2, Object 2 got warmer. What can be concluded about the objects before they came into contact with each other? Object 2 did not have thermal energy. Object 1 had faster-moving particles. Object 1 had less thermal energy. Object 2 had fewer particles.

Object 1 had faster-moving particles.

A thermogram of a house shows high amounts of thermal energy around the windows but not around the roof. Which conclusion is best supported by the thermogram? The windows take in a lot of solar radiation. The roof takes in a lot of solar radiation. The windows are not energy efficient, but the roof is. The roof is not energy efficient, but the windows are.

The windows are not energy efficient, but the roof is.

Water is boiling in a clear pot, as shown in the picture. Which takes place as water cycles from the bottom of the pot toward the top? Thermal energy is transferred. Water molecules gain kinetic energy. Chemical energy is transferred. Water molecules gain thermal energy.

Thermal energy is transferred.

The diagram shows the motion of a group of water molecules over a heat source. How do the molecules at point A compare to the molecules at point B? Check all that apply. They are closer together. They are farther apart. They are moving faster. They are moving slower. They have gained energy. They have lost energy.

They are farther apart. They are moving faster They have gained energy.

How does an increase in thermal energy affect molecules? They stop moving. They begin to vibrate more. They decrease in temperature. They lose kinetic energy.

They begin to vibrate more.

Radiation transfers thermal energy through?

Waves

Keesha conducts an experiment by pouring equal amounts of boiling water into four containers. The containers are the same size and shape, but they are made of different materials. The chart lists the containers according to their materials. Using protective gloves, Keesha carefully touches each container immediately after pouring the water. Which container was likely the hottest? W X Y Z

Z

Which is required for convection to occur? a solid substance a heat source boiling water air molecules

a heat source

A(n)________is a material that takes in a wave when the wave hits it.

absorber

Which contains the particles that are vibrating fastest? boiling water frozen water room-temperature water cold tap water

boiling water

The lava lamp has a light bulb as a heat source at its base. The lamp contains a colored, waxy fluid that can be observed moving in clumps through a clear liquid. As the clump of colored fluid at the bottom of the lava lamp rises to the top, which will increase? its density its temperature the kinetic energy of its molecules the space between its molecules

its density

Most thermal conductors are______.

metal

What order shows increasing frequency for gamma rays, microwaves, visible light, and X-rays? gamma rays, X-rays, visible light, microwaves microwaves, visible light, X-rays, gamma rays visible light, gamma rays, microwaves, X-rays X-rays, microwaves, gamma rays, visible light

microwaves, visible light, X-rays, gamma rays

A(n)______is a material that causes a wave to bounce off of it.

reflector

Use the drop-down menus to complete each statement. A material that causes a wave to bounce off it is called the________. A material that takes in a wave when the wave hits it is called the_________.

reflector absorber

Yami pours powdered cocoa mix into milk and stirs it. Then she microwaves the mixture for three minutes. When she takes the cup out, the handle is very warm. Steam rises from the cup, so she blows it before taking a sip. In which part of this scenario can convection be best observed? stirring powdered cocoa mix into milk touching the warm handle of the cup rising steam from the cup of cocoa blowing on the hot cocoa to cool it

rising steam from the cup of cocoa

The diagram shows currents that form as water is heated. Which would most likely contain this same type of current? the air above a wildfire a carton of milk in a refrigerator a snowdrift on a shady mountainside a boulder in a hot desert

the air above a wildfire

Which area of Earth is most similar to the sun's convection zone? the crust the equator the mantle the poles

the mantle

Fill in the term that best completes each statement. Radiation transfers______ energy by________ waves. These waves transfer energy from a warmer object to a cooler object, with or without________.

thermal electromagnet matter

Conduction involves the transfer of electric charge or ________.

thermal energy

Earl is using his hands to hold a metal pan 10 centimeters above a hot burner. How can this scenario be changed to demonstrate conduction between the pan and the burner? increase the temperature of the burner use a glass pan instead of a metal pan use foam potholders to hold the pan touch the pan to the burner

touch the pan to the burner

Where could convection currents form? Check all that apply. in a sand dune in a freshwater lake in the atmosphere in outer space in Earth's mantle

in a freshwater lake in the atmosphere in Earth's mantle

Which wave, A or B, has lower energy? A, because it has a higher amplitude B, because it has a higher amplitude A, because it has a lower amplitude B, because it has a lower amplitude

A, because it has a lower amplitude

The diagram shows how air circulation forms a sea breeze on a warm day. Which best describes what is happening in the diagram? At point 1, the air in the convection current is warmer and denser than at point 3 because its molecules contain more kinetic energy. At point 2, the air absorbs thermal energy from the surrounding air, which causes it to become heavier and sink. At point 3, the air in the convection current is cooler and lighter than the air in other parts of the current, so it is preparing to rise. At point 4, thermal energy from warm air over the land is transferred upward toward cooler areas of the atmosphere.

At point 4, thermal energy from warm air over the land is transferred upward toward cooler areas of the atmosphere.

In which scenario does radiation occur A B C

B

Which is an example of radiation? Check all that apply. Troy's hand is burned when he touches hot wax. Earth is heated by energy from the Sun. A hot dog is held over a fire and gets warm. Soup is heated in a microwave. Water is boiled in a pot on a stove burner.

Earth is heated by the energy from the Sun. Soup is heated in a microwave

Andre listed some properties of electromagnetic waves. 1) transfer thermal energy by radiation 2) can transfer energy over great distances 3) need matter to transfer energy through 4) are disturbances that carry energy Which best describes Andre's error? Electromagnetic waves transfer thermal energy by conduction. Electromagnetic waves can only transfer energy over short distances. Electromagnetic waves can transfer energy through empty space. Electromagnetic waves are not considered disturbances.

Electromagnetic waves can transfer energy through empty space.

Which best explains why metal cooking utensils often have plastic coating on their handles? Plastic melts less easily and lasts longer than metal. Plastic reduces the transfer of thermal energy to hands holding the utensils. Plastic molds more easily into shapes like long, thin handles. Plastic increases the rate of conduction from the utensil to the food.

Plastic reduces the transfer of thermal energy to hands holding the utensils.

Alana drew diagrams to show how particles in a spoon move before and after the spoon is placed in hot liquid. Which best explains how to correct Alana's error? Make the particles in both diagrams larger. Show more movement in the "Before" diagram. Add more particles to the "After" diagram. Switch the labels on the diagrams.

Switch the labels on the diagrams.

Which explains why conduction is unlikely when ice is placed on a freezer shelf? There is no direct contact. The ice is too cold. The shelf acts as an insulator. The ice and shelf are the same temperature.

The ice and shelf are the same temperature.

Which best describes the convection currents in Earth's mantle? They transfer potential energy away from Earth's core toward its crust. They transfer thermal energy away from Earth's core toward its crust. They transfer chemical and thermal energy in a circular pattern. They transfer chemical and potential energy in a circular pattern.

They transfer thermal energy away from Earth's core toward its crust.

The diagram shows movement of thermal energy. In which areas of the diagram does conduction occur? W and X X and Z Y and Z Z and W

X and Z

Which factors affect absorption and reflection of thermal energy? Check all that apply. color of the material mass of the material texture of the material volume of the material weight of the material

color of the material texture of the material

Which demonstrates conduction? a marshmallow held over a fire ice cream melting in the sun cool feet walking across a hot pavement a bulb releasing light energy

cool feet walking across a hot pavement

In a convection current, as the temperature of a fluid increases, its_________decreases.

density

Conduction can occur within a single substance, but parts of the substance must have which property? different temperatures different textures different particle sizes different colors

different temperatures

Car manufacturers use radiation for which task? sealing windows drying paint cleaning tires lubricating engines

drying paint

Evan drew a diagram to illustrate radiation. What do the arrows represent? gases mixing with particles liquid moving through a vacuum moving particles electromagnetic waves

electromagnetic waves

Which diagram best illustrates what happens when electromagnetic waves strike a rough, dark material?

1st one

What is the wavelength of a wave that has a speed of 350 meters/second and a frequency of 140 hertz?

2.5 meters

A structural engineer is using this table to design a wall to protect a city near the ocean. How high should the engineer build the wall? 50 meters 100 meters 150 meters

200 meters

Which best illustrates the way in which radiation transfers thermal energy?

2nd one

A student places a large pot of cold water on a stove and heats it for one minute. Then she takes the pot of water off the burner and places it on the counter. Which best describes the convection currents? Convection currents move thermal energy from the stove to the pot, and then from the pot to the water. After the stove is turned off, convection currents continue to transfer energy through the water for a period of time. Convection currents in the water cause warmer, denser water to rise and transfer energy upward. When the stove is turned on, convection currents cause an increase in the chemical energy of water molecules.

After the stove is turned off, convection currents continue to transfer energy through the water for a period of time.

house. The shades should also warm the house by maximizing the absorption of solar energy coming through the windows. Which kind of material would bestaccomplish this task? black and textured black and smooth white and textured white and smooth

Black and textured

Identify the properties of transverse and longitudinal waves. Amplitude: Compression: Frequency: Period: Wavelength

Both longitudinal and transverse longitudinal both longitudinal and transverse both longitudinal and transverse both longitudinal and transverse

Which material most likely gets the warmest when placed in the Sun? white cement beige sand brown mulch yellow pebbles

Brown mulch

A student heats a liquid on a burner. What happens to the portion of liquid that first begins to warm? Check all that apply. It becomes more dense. It becomes less dense. It releases energy to the environment. It absorbs energy from the environment. It rises upward. It sinks downward.

It becomes less dense. It absorbs energy from the environment. It rises upward.

How does radiation help treat cancer? It cools down the cancer cells and weakens them. It cools down the non-cancerous cells and strengthens them. It heats up the cancer cells and weakens them. It heats up the non-cancerous cells and strengthens them.

It heats up the cancer cells and weakens them.

Which best describes convection? It relies on the collision of particles within or between substances. It occurs in solids, liquids, or gases that are heated. It results when portions of a liquid cool and rise. It is driven by temperature differences within a fluid.

It is driven by temperature differences within a fluid.

Which describes how radiation moves? Radiation moves from a cooler object to a warmer object Radiation moves from a warmer object to a cooler object Radiation moves from a warm object to an object of the same temperature Radiation moves from a cool object to an object of the same temperature

Radiation moves from a warmer object to a cooler object

Water is boiling in a clear pot, as shown in the picture. How do the water molecules closest to the burner compare to the water molecules closest to the surface of the liquid? They are more spread out and moving faster than those at the surface. They are closer together and moving faster than those at the surface. They are more spread out and moving slower than those at the surface. They are closer together and moving slower than those at the surface.

They are more spread out and moving faster than those at the surface.

Convection only occurs in ________.

fluids

Which materials are typically used as thermal insulators? Check all that apply. copper foam ceramic wood plastic

foam wood plastic

A farmer places unhatched chicken eggs under a heat lamp. How does the radiation help the eggs? It keeps the area around the eggs cool until the eggs hatch. It makes the eggs weaker so they are easier to break open. It makes the eggs stronger so they do not break. It keeps the eggs warm until they hatch.

it keeps eggs warm until they hatch

Which best describes the shape of a convection current? linear spiral circular wave

Circular

Why is thermal energy from the Sun transferred to Earth through electromagnetic waves instead of any other type of thermal energy transfer? Electromagnetic waves can carry energy through matter. Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space. Electromagnetic waves can move through gases faster than other types of energy transfer. Electromagnetic waves can move more energy than other types of energy transfer.

Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space.

Which best explains how thermal energy is transferred when someone holds a hand above a fire? It is being transferred by radiation because the hand is not in the path of rising air. It is not transferred by radiation because the hand is not in the path of rising air. It is being transferred by radiation because the hand is in the path of rising air. It is not transferred by radiation because the hand is in the path of rising air.

It is not transferred by radiation because the hand is in the path of rising air.

The lava lamp has a light bulb as a heat source at its base. The lamp contains a colored, waxy fluid that can be observed moving in clumps through a clear liquid. Which indicates that the clump of waxy fluid at the center of the lamp is moving downward rather than upward? It is less dense than the surrounding liquid. Its molecules are losing kinetic energy. Its molecules begin to slow down before they become faster. Its temperature increases before it decreases again.

Its temperature increases before it decreases again.

The diagram shows the sun's interior. Convection currents are present in the convection zone. Which best describes how fluids change as they travel through different portions of the convection currents? They change to solids at the outer portion of the convection currents. They change to solids at the inner portion of the convection currents. They become more dense at the outer portion of the convection currents. They become more dense at the inner portion of the convection currents.

They become more dense at the outer portion of the convection currents.

Which describes how fast-moving particles assist in transferring thermal energy to a cup after hot tea is poured into it? They replace slow-moving particles. They collide with slow-moving particles. They collide with other fast-moving particles. They are replaced by slow-moving particles.

They collide with slow-moving particles.

How do the metal aluminum coils in an air conditioner help keep a house cool? They insulate the house from outside thermal energy. They conduct thermal energy from inside the house and release it outside the house. They insulate the surrounding air from indoor thermal energy. They conduct thermal energy from outside the house and release it inside the house.

They conduct thermal energy from inside the house and release it outside the house.

When Xavier places his hands near a light bulb, he notices that certain areas around the light bulb are warmer than others. Which best explains this? The areas to the sides of the light bulb are warmest because of conduction. The areas to the sides of the light bulb are warmest because of convection. The area directly above the light bulb is warmest because of conduction. The area directly above the light bulb is warmest because of convection.

The area directly above the light bulb is warmest because of convection.

What must be true about two objects for conduction to take place? The objects must be different temperatures and they must be in contact. The objects must be the same temperature and they must be in contact. The objects must be different temperatures and they must be insulators. The objects must be the same temperature and they must be insulators.

The objects must be different temperatures and they must be in contact.

Which best explains how radiation is helpful in the plastics industry? It makes plastics easier to shape. It adds a protective layer to plastic. It decreases the melting point of plastic. It improves the strength and durability of plastic.

It makes plastics easier to shape.

A scientist designed a foam container to help keep frozen foods from melting. Which bestexplains how the foam works? It removes thermal energy from the air inside the container. It removes thermal energy from the frozen foods inside the container. It reduces the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from inside to outside the container. It reduces the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from outside to inside the container.

It reduces the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from outside to inside the container.

How does a foam-filled winter coat help keep a person warm? It slows down the transfer of thermal energy from outside to inside the coat. It slows down the transfer of thermal energy from inside to outside the coat. It speeds up the transfer of thermal energy from outside to inside the coat. It speeds up the transfer of thermal energy from inside to outside the coat.

It slows down the transfer of thermal energy from inside to outside the coat.