Radiology review questions chapters 11, 12, 26, 27, 18, 19, 29, 30, 24, 25, 28
List three machine parts that may be recorded on panoramic radiographs:
1) chin rest 2) side head positioner guides 3) biteblock
List four objectives of quality control
1) maintain a high standard of image quality 2) identify problems before image quality is compromised 3) keep patient and occupational exposures to a minimum 4) reduce the occurrence of retake radiographs
List three air spaces that may be recorded on panoramic radiographs:
1) palatoglossal air space 2) nasopharyngeal air space 3) glossopharyngeal air space
What size film is generally used to produce a cephalometric radiograph?
8 x 10 in. (20x35cm)
which image receptor size would be the easiest to position for a bitewing radiograph on a 5 year old patient? a) #0 b) #1 c)#2 d) #4
A) #0
Which of these is an advantage of a panoramic radiograph when compared to an intraoral radiograph?
A) a larger region is recorded
Unsharp (blurry) images result from which of the following?
A) all of the above
Which dimension of the focal trough does the biteblock of the panoramic x-ray machine assist the operator with positioning?
A) anterior-posterior
Which of the following radiographs would be the least beneficial for the totally edentulous patient:
A) bitewing
Alveolar crest pointed in the anterior region and a radiopaque flat, smooth lamina dura 1.5 to 2.0mm below the CEJ in the posterior region describes:
A) case type I: gingivitis
For which of these purposes are extra oral radiographs least suitable?
A) detection of interproximal caries
When using the bisecting technique, which of these errors results from inadequate vertical angulation?
A) elongation
Which of these is NOT a way to identify extra oral radiographs?
A) embossed identification dot
What is the term given to a structure that is recorded a second time, with less sharpness, and on the opposite side?
A) ghost iamge
If two films become overlapped together because they were inserted into the automatic processor too quickly, what is the result?
A) green films
Each of the following will result in radiographs that are too light except one. Which one is the exception?
A) hot developer solution
Caries in the earliest stage is called:
A) incipient
Which of the following appears radiographically as a radiolucent notch that is less than half-way through the enamel:
A) incipient proximal caries
To compensate for a shallow palatal vault, the vertical angulation may be adjusted to:
A) increase by up to 15 degrees
What slight change in angulation is usually required when using the bisecting technique on a child patient:
A) increase vertical angulation
Each of the following is a goal of the radiographer except one. Which one is the exception:
A) increasing the demand for dental x-ray services
Older adults who present with soft tissue degeneration that makes placement of the image receptor uncomfortable may benefit from each of the following except one. which one is the exception:
A) increasing the exposure time
The dental radiographer should consider each of the following to develop sensitivity for the culturally diverse patient except one. which one is the exception:
A) lowered mental capacities
What term describes the crystals used in the emulsion of intensifying screens?
A) phosphors
Caries that occur under a restoration or around its margins are called:
A) recurrent caries
The exposure setting for children under the age of 10 years should be:
A) reduced by one-half the exposure used for adults
-Rare-earth intensifying screens require less radiation to produce a quality image. -rare-earth intensifying screens emit blue light when energized by x-radiation
A) the first statement is correct. the second statement is incorrect
-The use of the coin test will monitor darkroom safelight conditions - when an image of the coin appears on the radiograph, the safelight is adequate
A) the first statement is true, the second statement is false
Excessive occlusal force may result in a widening of the periodontal ligament space. widening of the periodontal ligament space is called furcation involvement:
A) the first statement is true, the second statement is false
The paralleling technique is the best technique for imaging edentulous areas. The bisecting technique is the best technique when imaging endodontic treatment:
A) the first statement is true. The second statement is false
-All panoramic radiographs have 10 to 30 percent magnification. -it is desirable to keep the magnification less in the anterior region and greater in the posterior region
A) the first statement is true. the second statement is false
Dental radiographers who demonstrate confidence can lead to improved patient cooperation:
A) the first statement is true. the second statement is false
Which of the following positioning errors results in anterior teeth that are blurry and narrowed in size?
A) too far forward in the focal trough
Proximal surface carious lesions appear:
A) triangular
Both the dentist and the dental radiographer are liable for procedures performed by the dental radiographer:
A) true
The laws allowing individuals to place and expose dental radiographs vary from state to state:
A) true
Which of the following is the suggested number and size of projections to use for a 3 year old patient with primary dentition:
A) two bitewing and two occlusal radiographs
The key to producing quality radiographic images is: a) gaining patient trust and cooperation b) presenting a confident, caring image c) communicating effectively d) all of the above
All of the above
Which of these comments should be avoided when talking to the patient:
B) "this exposure button sticks sometimes"
Which of the following image receptors is recommended for an occlusal radiograph on an 8 year old patient:
B) #2
To project an impacted mandibular third molar anteriorly onto the image receptor, a mandibular disto-oblique periapical radiograph requires a:
B) 10-degree shift in the horizontal angulation
Localization adds which of the following dimensions to two-dimensional radiographs:
B) buccal-lingual
Radiolucent changes observes on a radiograph such as a fuzzy, cupping-out of the crestal bone and a blunted appearance of the lamina dura in the anterior region describes:
B) case type II: slight chronic periodontitis
When the automatic processor is functioning properly, an unexposed film will exit the return chute dry and ?
B) clear
Each of the following is a quality control test for monitoring the dental x-ray machine except one. Which one is the exception?
B) coin test
Which of these conditions results from a failure to direct the central ray toward the middle of the image receptor?
B) conecut
The courts have ruled that radiographs are the property of the:
B) dentist
To minimize canine-premolar overlap, the radiographer should direct the x-ray beam toward the image receptor slightly obliquely from the:
B) distal
Patient education in radiology is necessary to: a) increase the demand for oral health services b) increase acceptance of oral health care recommendations c) assure the patient that the radiographer is licensed d) meet legally required mandates for it
B) increase acceptance of oral health care recommendations
Fast intensifying screens have _________ sized crystals and ____________ thickness of emulsion
B) large; increased
Which of these radiographs is most frequently prescribed by the orthodontist?
B) lateral cephalometric
Placement of the image receptor in which of the following regions is most likely to initiate a gag reflex:
B) maxillary molar
Which area of the oral cavity would require the highest exposure setting:
B) maxillary posterior region
When performing radiographic services for the patient with a disability, the radiographer should:
B) offer to assist the patient in the manner that they want
Each of the following may be determined from a dental radiograph except one. Which one is the exception:
B) pocket depth
Radiographs are best at detecting incipient caries of which of these locations on the tooth:
B) proximal
The exposure settings for children between the ages of 10 and 15 years should be:
B) reduced by one-third the exposure used for adults
Which of the following methods of localization utilizes a cross-sectional occlusal radiograph:
B) right-angle method
Each of the following may mimic caries radiographically EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception:
B) stainless steel crowns
Caries appear radiopaque, because more radiation is passing through the demineralization than the surrounding tissues:
B) the first part of the statement is false, but the second part of the statement is true
An optical illusion created by an increased radiolucency observed at the cervical area of the tooth is called mach banding. The mach banding effect increases when overlap error occurs:
B) the first statement is false, the second statement is true
A hypersensitive gag reflex that results from a physical reaction to a feeling of the airway being blocked is called a psychogenic stimulus:
B) the first statement is false. the second statement is true
Dental radiographs are important because they document the location and depths of periodontal pockets. dental radiographs may serve as a baseline and as a means for evaluating the outcomes of periodontal treatments:
B) the first statement is false. the second statement is true
The appearance of a large radiolucency that obscures the maxillary teeth apices results when:
B) the tongue is not resting on the palate during exposure
Which of the following is suggested number and size of projections to use for a 10 year old patient with transitional (mixed primary and permanent dentition):
B) two bitewing and 10 periapical radiographs
The key to successfully interpreting radiographs for occlusal caries is the examine:
B) under the occlusal surfaces for changes in the dentin
Which of the following is true regarding tomography when compared to extra oral radiography?
B) utilizes a moving x-ray source and moving image receptor
Which of these radiographs would best image the maxillary sinus?
B) waters
Which of the following words should be avoided when discussing the radiographic procedure: a) picture b) zap c) x-ray d)radiograph
B) zap
Which of the following appears radiolucent on a panoramic radiograph?
B) zygomatic process of the maxilla
Which of the following appears radiographically as a radiolucent double triangle that is less than halfway through the dentin toward the pulp:
C) advanced proximal caries
Each of the following suggestions help the radiographer avoid exciting a hypersensitive gag reflex except one. which one is the exception:
C) ask the patient if they have ever gagged during an x-ray exposure
-On-the-job training and continuing education courses contribute to radiographic competence. - competent radiographers are key to a quality assurance program
C) both statements are true
-The goal of quality assurance is to achieve maximum diagnostic yield from each radiograph - quality control means using test to ensure quality
C) both statements are true
Allowing the child patient to observe a sibling or parent undergo the radiographic procedure may help to alleviate fear of the unknown and promote cooperation:
C) both statements are true
Correct horizontal angulation is needed to accurately image interdental bone levels. altering the horizontal angulation can reveal additional information regarding interdental bone levels:
C) both statements are true
Which of the following appears radiographically as an ill-defined crescent-shaped radiolucency below the CEJ:
C) cemental caries
Which of the following would be the BEST image receptor holder for exposing working radiographs during a root canal procedure:
C) commercially made endodontic holder
Which of these indicates an overexposed radiograph?
C) dark image
Radiographs may help to locate each of the following local contributing factors except one. which one is the exception:
C) deep pocket
Each of the following is a cause of film fog except one. Which one is the exception?
C) double exposing the film
The ability to share in the patient's emotions and feelings is called: a) chairside manner b) atitude c)empathy d) verbal communication
C) empathy
The key to successfully interpreting radiographs for proximal surface caries is to examine the contact point between adjacent teeth and just apical to the :
C) estimated gingival margin
What does herringbone error indicate?
C) film packet was placed in the oral cavity backwards
Which of these indicates that a film was not properly washed?
C) film turns brown
What term is given to the area where structures will be imaged with relative clarity, whereas structures outside this area are blurred out of the image?
C) focal trough
Which of the following could be called a negative shadow?
C) glossopharyngeal air space
Which of the following is used to help reduce film fog during exposure of extra oral radiographs?
C) grid
A professional code of ethics:
C) helps to define the rules of conduct for its members
Which of the following terms describes bone loss that occurs in a plane parallel to the cementoenamel junction of adjacent teeth:
C) horizontal
What error results in overlapped contacts being more severe between the first and second molar than between the first and second premolar?
C) mesiodistal projection of horizontal angulation
The panoramic PID is collimated to what shape
C) narrow slit
The general practitioner is most likely to use which of these extra oral radiographs?
C) panoramic
If well tolerated, which of the following techniques will provide the best-quality images on the child patient:
C) paralleling
What is the value of patient education regarding dental radiographs: a) radiographer is more likely to spend less time exposing radiographs b)radiographer is more likely to develop a positive attitude c) patent is more likely to accept the treatment plan d) patent is more likely to request radiographs at each appointment
C) patent is more likely to accept the treatment plan
The presence of a large mandibular torus may make which of these difficult:
C) placing the image receptor precisely
A panoramic radiograph is valuable when diagnosing each of the following except one. which one is the exception?
C) recurrent caries
Intensifying screens will?
C) reduce exposure time
Every patient has the legal right to make choices about the oral health care they receive. This is called:
C) self-determination
Legally dental radiographs should be retained for an individual who ceases to be a patient for:
C) seven years
Overlapped teeth contacts renders a bitewing radiograph undiagnostic. the overlap appears more severs in the anterior region. What corrective action is needed?
C) shift the horizontal angulation toward the mesial
Which of these is a limitation of a panoramic radiograph when compared to an intraoral radiograph?
C) superimposition of structures may make interpretation difficult
Under which of these conditions would dental radiographs most likely NOT need to be exposed: a) when a child presents with poor self-care and suspected caries b) when the child is under 12 years of age c) when the proximal surfaces of the teeth are visible clinically d) when the child has accidentally fallen, but there is no apparent damage to primary teeth
C) when the proximal surfaces of the teeth are visible clinically
Static electricity appears radiographically as black: a) thin lines b) starburst c) dots d) any of the above
D) Any of the above
when a child patient cannot tolerate intraoral placement of the image receptor for exposure of a periapical radiograph, which of the following may sometimes be an acceptable substitute:
D) B&C (panoramic & lateral jaw)
Each of the following will result in radiographs that are blank (clear) except one. Which one is the exception?
D) accidental white light exposure
The step-wedge can be used to test each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?
D) adequacy of the safelight
Cone beam computed tomography plays a valuable role in which of the following?
D) all of the above
In addition to the dentist, who is responsible for planning, implementing, and evaluating a quality assurance plan? a) dental assistant b) dental hygienist c) practice manager d) all of the above
D) all of the above
The method of show-tell-do is a beneficial way of communicating with: a) someone who speaks a different language b) children c) hearing-impared patients d) all of the above
D) all of the above
When exposing a disto-oblique periapical radiograph of the maxilla, which of the following changes should be made to the standard periapical radiograph:
D) all of the above
Which of the following is a risk management strategy:
D) all of the above
Each of the following need to be considered when deciding what size image receptor to use on a child except one. which one is the exception? a) cooperation level b) size of the dental arches c) size of the mouth opening d) amount of plaque present
D) amount of plaque present
Registration and inspection of x-ray machines is regulated by the:
D) any of the above
The best image receptor placement for a patient with a torus palatinus is:
D) behind the torus
Which of the following planes is used to position the patient correctly within the superior-inferior (up-down) dimension?
D) both (a) & B) (ala-tragus line & frankfort plane)
Unnecessary radiographs may be taken on the cancer patient, but only elective radiographs may be taken on the pregnant female:
D) both parts of the statement are false
If the tube shifts to the mesial and the object in question shifts to the distal, the object is located on the lingual. this is an example of the definitive method of localization:
D) both statements are false
When the dental arches are rotated to the left, the teeth on the right side will be positioned closer to the image receptor. -the teeth closer to the image receptor will appear blurry and magnified
D) both statements are false
Which of the following appears radiographically as a round radiolucency in the middle of the tooth with well defined borders:
D) buccal/lingual caries
Which of the following positioning errors results in an exaggerated "smile" appearance of the arches?
D) chin tipped too far down
Each of the following will produce an ideal radiographic image for detecting caries EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
D) excessive vertical angulation
When patients express opposition to having dental radiographs taken, the radiographer should:
D) explain why the radiographs are needed and what the benefits will be
Each of the following will result in black artifacts on the radiograph except one. Which one is the exception?
D) fixer splash
which of the following is suggested number and size of projections to use for a 15 year old patient with permanent dentition:
D) four bitewing and 14 periapical radiographs
Significant bone loss that results in a radiolucency observed in the area between the roots of multirooted teeth is called:
D) furcation involvement
To compensate for slight movement that results from parkinson's disease tremors, the radiographer can adjust the exposure settings to:
D) increase the mA and decrease the impulses
When taking a series of periapical radiographs on an 11 year old patient, placing and exposing which of the following first will most likely aid in gaining the patient's confidence and cooperation:
D) maxillary central-lateral incisors
What is the appropriate corrective action for a periodical radiograph of the maxillary molar region that did not image the third molar?
D) move the image receptor back further in the oral cavity
Failure to use a reasonable amount of care that results in injury is termed:
D) negligence
It is ethical practice to take unnecessary radiographs on:
D) no one
The exposure setting for edentulous regions should be decreased from the exposure time for the same region with teeth by:
D) one-fifth
To help avoid molar overlap, the radiographer should place the image receptor:
D) perpendicular to the molar embrasures
Which of the following would be best for imaging a slight, but generalized periodontal status:
D) posterior and anterior vertical bitewing radiographs
A film processed under ideal conditions and used to compare subsequent radiographic images is a?
D) reference film
Black artifacts on extra oral radiographs may result from each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?
D) scratched intensifying screens
The exposure settings for children over the age of 16 years should be:
D) the same exposure as used for adults
Which of the following is the best reason to use the largest size intraoral image receptor that the child will tolerate: a) so that the less number of image receptors will have to be exposed b)to be able to use the paralleling technique c) so that the radiation exposure can be reduced d) to image an increased amount of the tissues
D) to image an increased amount of the tissues
What is the term given to the technique where a slice of tissue is exposed distinctly, whereas structures outside the designated area are blurred out of the image?
D) tomography
Each of the following will enhance verbal communication except one. Which one is the exception? A) face the patient B) make eye contact C) use clear commands D) use slang words
D) use slang words
Each of following is a component of the panoramic x-ray machine except one. Which one is the exception?
D) variable exposure timer
Each of the following will result n not recording the apices of the maxillary premolar teeth on a periodical radiograph except one. Which one is the exception?
D) vertical angulation was excessive
The patient is less likely to gag:
D) while performing a breathing exercise during image receptor placement
T or F: the use of highly technical words may confuse the patient and result in miscommunication
True
List four aspects of patient relations that help gain confidence
a) appearance b) attitude c) interpersonal skills d) communication
List four reasons to duplicate radiographs:
a) copies are sent to insurance companies b) use in referrals c) consultations with other professionals, or publication in professional journal d) litigation
List four uses of radiographs in the assessment of periodontal disease:
a) crestal irregularities b) interdental alveolar bone changes c) pattern of bone loss (horizontal/vertical) d) distribution of bone loss (localized/generalized) e) severity of bone loss (slight, moderate,advanced) f) furcation involvement
list five conditions that would indicate the need for dental radiographs on the child patient:
a) detection of caries and periodontal disease b)assessment of growth and development and the need for orthodontic intervention c)the detection of congenital dental abnormalities d) the evaluation of third molars e) the assessment of the effect of trauma
List five actions for managing the apprehensive patient:
a) develop a rapport with the patient b) project confidence c) maintain authority d) be organized e) reassure the patient throughout the procedure
List five items regarding the radiographic procedure that should be documented in the patient's record:
a) patient's informed consent b) number and type of radiographs, including retakes c) date the radiographs are taken & the name of the radiographer who took them d) reason for taking the radiographs e) interpretive and diagnostic results
List five aspects of informed consent:
a) purpose of taking radiographs b) benefits the radiographs will supply c) risk of radiation exposure d) risk of refusing the radiographs e) person who will perform the procedure
List four limitations of dental radiographs in the assessment of periodontal disease:
a) radiographs are two-dimensional image of three dimensional object b) changes in soft tissue not imaged c) cannot distinguish treated versus untreated disease d) actual destruction more advanced clinically
List four things you could tell the patient in response to his/hers concerns regarding the necessity of dental x-rays and reduction of excess radiation exposure:
a. X-rays are dencessary for detecting oral conditions. Many conditions of the teeth and surrounding tissue cannot be seen through visual examination but may be revealed by x-rays. b. X-rays are necessary for treatment. Treatment without necessary x-rays is considered negligent care. You can not, legally, concent to negligent care. c. We reduce excess radiation exposure by only taking necessary x-rays, using Fast Film to reduce exposure time, using equipment that restricts the beam to the area being examined, and develop the film according to manufacturers recommendations to produce a high-quality image. d. We reduce excess radiation exposure by the use of a lead or lead equivalent apron and thyroid collar to protect other parts of the body from scatter radiation.
According to the evidence-based selection criteria guidelines listed in table 6-1, which of these intervals is recommended for posterior bitewing radiographs on a 10 year old child recall patient who presents with good self care and no evidence of clinical caries: a) 6-12 months b) 12-24 months c) 18-36 months d) 24-36 months
b) 12-24 months
T or F: Dental radiographers with a positive attitude are more likely to produce high-quality radiographs
true
T or F: When a patient trust the radiographer, the patient is more likely to cooperate with the radiographic procedures
true