random for module 2 exam off of EAQ questions

what is it called when an infant with Tetralogy of Fallot experiences a hypercyanotic event and what position do you put them in?

* "tet spell" * The knee-chest position decreases venous return from the legs, which increases systemic vascular resistance, thereby increasing pulmonary blood flow

rheumatic fever

* A positive antistreptolysin titer is present because of the previous infection with streptococci * POSITIVE C-reactive protein which indicates inflammatory process *The erythrocyte sedimentation rate will be increased due to an inflammatory process *

Which interventions does the nurse implement to empower a family who has a child with Down syndrome?

* the family experiences multiple stressors ~ help the family recognize those stressors. *encourage the family to use effective problem-solving skills that convey support and care, and have a calming influence on the child. * identify proper support groups for the family to relieve stress. ~The use of Internet resources will help the family understand more about the child's disorder *encourages the parents to spend more time at home to provide care for the child, as opposed to engaging in more out-of-home activities.

diagnostics for heart conditions

*Electrocardiography (ECG) - Electrical activity in the baby's heart is recorded, then printed on graph paper. ~records electrical impulses in the heart but can also reveal atrial and ventricular hypertrophy *chest xray - shows the size of the baby's heart *echocardiogram - ultrasound procedure that would be used to produce images of the structures in a baby's heart *angiogram - The intravenous injection of contrast material to visualize the flow of blood through the heart.

interventions for tetralogy of fallot

*Preventing respiratory distress minimizes the workload of the heart; this is accomplished with such interventions as positioning, maintaining diet restrictions, administering medications, and promoting conservation of energy. *no iron fortified formulas - will exacerbate the POLYCYTHEMIA from hypoxia *will have high RBC count not anemia - due to decreased tissue oxygenation *KNEE CHEST position when cyanotic or dyspneic *if child squats - is their way of adapting to their condition. Nurse just continues to monitor, this does not signify any other needed interventions *will have clubbing of fingers and no fever *prevent them from straining with bowel movement *crying & coughing is ok

nonorganic failure to thrive

*avoid eye contact with their mothers and do not prefer them over others *tendency to illness *language deficit and other developmental delays *limited or nonexistent response to stimuli *A structured routine is important. * Disruptions in other areas of the infant's activities of daily living can affect feeding behaviors. *The nurse should talk to the infant during feeding time; this indicates that the nurse cares and demonstrates the social aspects of eating. * The infant should be fed in the same manner at each meal. *Infants may be held while being fed, and older children may be fed in a highchair or at a table. *Sensory stimulation and play activities are important, but these should be incorporated at times other than when the infant is feeding.

down's syndrome characteristics

*congenital heart defects *results from extra chromosomal material on c chromosome 21 *broad nose with a depressed bridge (saddle nose) *inner epicanthic folds *oblique palpebral fissures *speckling of the iris (Brushfield spots) * transverse palmar crease (simian crease) formed by fusion of the proximal and distal palmar creases *broad, short, stubby hands and feet *hypOtonic musculature *obestiy is common nutritional problem *Protruding furrowed tongue

autism

*sad, blank facial expression *rarely smiles *inability to maintain eye contact reflects withdrawal *overrespond to stimuli in the environment *difficult to form meaningful human relationships *find security in nonthreatening, impersonal object *do not respond to brightly colored toys and blocks as other children do unless movement is involved

6 diagnostic signs of Kawasaki

*trunk rash *fever (sudden, high, doesn't respond to antipyretics or antibiotics) *PERIPHERAL edema *enlarged cervical lymph nodes *redness of extremities (erythema w/desquamation of palms & soles) *bilateral congestion of conjunctiva (w/out exudate) other sign is strawberry tongue but not considered one of the signs that diagnose

four defects of tetralogy of fallot

1)right ventricular hypertrophy 2) ventricular septal defect 3) pulmonary stenosis 4) overriding of the aorta

An infant with a diagnosis of failure to thrive has been receiving enteral feedings for 3 days. All feedings have been retained, but the skin and mucous membranes are dry and the infant has lost weight. What should the nurse do first in light of these findings?

Dry mucous membranes and weight loss are classic signs of dehydration. The nurse should calculate the infant's fluid requirements, then obtain a prescription from the practitioner to increase either free water or the amount of the feedings as needed. *nurse cannot add calories to feedings without a Dr order

management of Kawasake

NO antibiotics - is not an infection need hydration treat w/ IVIG (is a blood product so need consent) and ASPIRIN! avoid bright lights

When the nurse is planning care for a school-aged child with autism, the best choice for a play activity to suggest to the parents is:

riding on a playground merry-go-round: The rhythmic movement of the merry-go-round provides an opportunity for the child practice spatial and sensory orientation. This is important in helping the child increase interaction with the environment. *will want to place them in a private room in the hospital

The nurse is caring for a 12-month-old infant with a diagnosis of failure to thrive. The infant's weight is below the third percentile, and development is delayed. Which behaviors of the child suggest to the nurse the possibility of parental neglect?

stiff Withdrawn Minimal smiling Little interest in the environment *Infants with failure to thrive resulting from parental neglect are either stiff and unyielding or flaccid and unresponsive. These infants have difficulty reaching out to the environment and tend to be withdrawn. They get little response from parents and do not learn how to respond to others. These infants show little satisfaction, are very difficult to comfort, and are nonresponsive or minimally responsive to human contact. These infants have social and language deficits and display minimal interest in the environment or others.