RATS exam 3

Which of the following are true when comparing a DecapiConeTM restrainer and a cylinder restrainer?

Both can be used for tail vein injections, Both are appropriate for brief procedures on awake mice, Mice tend to stay calmer in the DecapiConeTM restrainer.

When is the hypothesis developed during a research study?

At the very beginning, when planning the study

Which statement is TRUE regarding blood collection procedures in mice?

Cardiac puncture is generally permitted only as a terminal procedure.

What potential problem(s) should you be aware of when mice are undergoing surgical procedures?

Dehydration, hypothermia, hypoglycemia

Field studies do not take place at an institution, so are not subject to regulation by the Animal Welfare Act.

False

in the dorsum scruff method of restraint, the mouse's tail is held only by the thumb and forefinger during the whole procedure.

False

What are isolation rooms used for?

Housing animals that are known or suspected to be carrying pathogens

Which regulatory agency oversees research using chinchillas?

Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care, International (AAAALAC)

A chinchilla presents with epiphora, anorexia, nasal discharge, and excess salivation. What is the most likely cause?

Malocclusion

Which statement is true about mice in the age range of 6-10 days?

Mammaries become visible on the females around 9 days.

Which of the following statements about Hantavirus is correct?

Strains vary in the symptoms they cause based on their geographical origins.

What does the animal use protocol NOT include?

The health status of all employees listed on the protocol

Mice belonging to the genus Mus bred for use in research are regulated through PHS policy but are NOT covered by the Animal Welfare Act.

True

Which disease does not have a spontaneous animal model?

Tuberculosis

Euthanasia can be a part of the peri-procedural care of experimental animals.

True

All of the following are practical methods of identifying mice EXCEPT:

leg band.

What is dyspnea?

difficult or labored breathing

Static microisolation cages refer to:

filter-top cages.

Ringworm is caused by which type of microorganism?

fungi

Laboratory animals that naturally acquire a disease or injury similar to a human condition are called:

spontaneous models.

A disease that has no visible signs of illness is called:

subclinical

Compliance with environmental standards in facilities housing mice is generally the responsibility of:

the animal care staff.

The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides:

the basic information needed to develop an institutional occupational health and safety program.

Mice require thermal support during anesthesia because:

they lose body heat rapidly under anesthesia.

What is the average life span of mice?

1-3 years

What is the maximum percentage of total blood that can be safely collected at one time from a mouse?

10%

When do mouse pups begin eating dry food?

11-12 days

What is the age range when mice are weaned?

21-28 days

How is isoflurane generally delivered and maintained during surgery on mice?

3-4% in 100% oxygen for induction, 1.5-3% for maintenance

For IP injections of mice, what is the recommended angle for needle insertion?

30

Which of the following is a TYPICAL schedule for TB testing in NHPs?

A first test administered within 7 days of arrival, two subsequent tests administered at 2-week intervals, and then testing every 6 months thereafter

Which statement(s) is(are) true regarding the assessment of pain or distress in mice?

A mouse with a moderately painful condition may appear and behave normally, Pain or distress in mice is commonly expressed by subtle changes in activity level and behavior.

Which statement(s) about mice received from another institution is (are) TRUE?

A quarantine period is usually necessary to make sure new mice do not carry diseases into the colony.

What best describes the purpose of the federally mandated "alternatives search" in an animal protocol?

A search for procedures that may replace the use of animals, reduce the number of animals used, or refine the methodology to minimize animal pain or distress

Which of the following statements about handling mice is/are correct?

A way to avoid mix-ups when injecting all the mice in a cage is to place each one on the wire bar lid after its injection.

What group determines if a euthanasia method is acceptable for use in a particular species?

American Veterinary Medical Association

Which statement is TRUE regarding the conduct of surgery in mice?

Applicable federal mandates require the use of aseptic technique for survival surgery in mice.

Which of the following is a recommended part of proper postsurgical care?

Assessing appearance, activity, and behavior as indicators of pain and discomfort

All of the following are appropriate components of an aseptic survival surgery EXCEPT:

Beginning the surgery with instruments that have been cleaned with soap and water

Chinchilla bedding should be changed regularly to avoid what condition?

Bumblefoot

What is the difference between CFA and IFA?

CFA contains killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

According to the AVMA Guidelines, which statement is true for the use of carbon dioxide as a euthanasia agent for mice?

Carbon dioxide poses minimal hazard to personnel when used with properly designed equipment.

What is pruritis?

Constant or frequent scratching of the skin

All of the following statements regarding the use of adjuvants in mice are true EXCEPT:

Currently, there are no alternatives to the use of CFA/IFA adjuvants.

When examining an animal's mucous membranes, what should you look for to check for lack of oxygen?

Cyanosis

What is the name of the process used to investigate the nature and cause of a disease?

Diagnosis

What is a problem that is often encountered with mice housed on wire mesh flooring?

Foot injuries

Which statement is TRUE regarding care procedures for mice undergoing surgery?

During the procedure, mice should be monitored mainly for depth of anesthesia, and cardiovascular and respiratory function.

What is a prominent cause of zoonoses?

Exposure to experimentally infected animals, Exposure to zoonotic agents during the course of experimental procedures, Exposure to wild mice in field research

Which statement is TRUE regarding anesthesia in mice?

Gas anesthesia (using a vaporizer) is generally the best option for providing extended anesthesia.

Which measure can correct respiratory depression in anesthetized mice?

Immediately reducing the administration of gas anesthetic, Administration of doxapram on the tongue, Chest compressions at the rate of 60 per minute

Where is an IDEAL location for survival surgery on mice to take place?

In an animal procedure room within the animal facility

What is the recommended method for the production of monoclonal antibodies?

In vitro techniques

If the ascites method of obtaining monoclonal antibody must be used, all of the following would likely decrease animal pain/distress EXCEPT:

Increasing the number of abdominal taps performed to prolong animal use.

The most usual and typical illness caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) in humans is which of the following?

Influenza-like symptoms

Fecal flotation is a diagnostic test used to detect what type of disease causing agents?

Internal parasites

Which of the following statements is TRUE about pain in rodents?

It is good to assume that procedures that are painful for humans are also painful for animals.

Why should an IP injection be made on the mouse's right side?

It avoids puncturing the cecum.

Which of the following statements about lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) is false?

It does not infect tumor lines.

Which of the following represents an appropriate technique for subcutaneous injections in mice?

Lift some skin on the back of the mouse, and insert the needle into the base of the tent.

Which of the answers below is NOT a reason chinchillas develop the habit of fur chewing?

Low humidity

Sexing mice can be done by which method?

Measure the anogenital distance; this distance is longer in males.

Which of the following have long-lived spores that can become widely dispersed in the environment?

Microsporum spp.

What is an example of a contaminant?

Mold from bedding

Giving an animal an injection of synthetic hormone, compared with a natural hormone, is an example of what kind of scientific research?

New drug study

The welfare of laboratory strains of rats and mice is covered in which of the following documents?

PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Which type of bedding is recommended for use in postoperative housing for mice?

Paper bedding material

Which of the following is NOT a good way to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission?

Perform work in quarantine rooms at the beginning of the shift.

The IACUC is responsible for ensuring that personnel are properly trained to do which task?

Provide necessary supportive care to the animals during a procedure, Perform the procedure humanely, Provide supportive care to the animals after a procedure is completed

When picking up a mouse from a filter top cage, putting the wire bar lid sideways on the cage is helpful to:

Reposition your grasp as you take the mouse out of the cage as it will tend to hold on to the wire bar lid.

What is an example of basic research?

Studying the normal brain function of rats

What is an advantage of ear tagging over ear punching and notching?

Tags provide a greater range of numbers than punching and notching.

In most facilities, no research experiments on live vertebrate animals may begin before the experiments are approved by which body?

The IACUC

Animals can be housed outside of the animal facilities under which of the following conditions?

The IACUC approved it.

What best describes the oral gavage procedure?

The administration of fluid into the stomach through a feeding needle that is inserted into the mouth and threaded down the esophagus.

Which of the following statements regarding quarantine/acclimation is FALSE?

The cost of delaying research protocols makes it important to move animals into the facility immediately after shipment.

Which of the following should be considered when choosing a method of euthanasia?

The method of euthanasia chosen should provide a humane death to the animal as well as address the safety of the staff.

The information that should be provided with the results of a database search for alternatives includes which of the following?

The names of the databases used, the date of the search, the years of citations accessed, and the search strategy (keywords)

Which of the following statements about adjuvants is FALSE?

The quantity of CFA adjuvant injected should be limited because of its toxic nature; however, IFA can be used in any quantity desired

Who is responsible for the humane treatment of experimental animals?

The research technician, the investigator, the animal technician

Which statement is true regarding physiological changes associated with pain and distress? Check all that apply.

They occur faster in smaller animals., They may affect research results.

What is the function of an IACUC?

To oversee all aspects of an animal care and use program, To develop institutional policies regarding the care and use of laboratory animals, To ensure that all state and federal guidelines and mandates on animal welfare are followed

What is the goal of an occupational health and safety program?

To protect individuals who have frequent contact with animals in a research facility

Which of the following methods of identification is NOT recommended, and may require special permission from an institution's IACUC to perform?

Toe clipping

Which personnel should be qualified through training or experience to accomplish research tasks in a humane and scientifically acceptable manner?

Trainees, investigators, technical personnel, visiting investigators

When does accreditation by AAALAC International provide you with an exemption from some of the mandates of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals?

Under no circumstances

What federal agencies regulate the humane treatment of laboratory animals? Check all that apply.

United States Department of Agriculture, Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare

What precautions need to be taken in order to euthanize mice by carbon dioxide inhalation while ensuring the least amount of stress to the animals?

Use a flow rate that displaces 30% to 70% of the chamber or cage volume/minute.

What is the easiest way to induce gas anesthesia for a mouse?

Use an anesthetic induction chamber

What is an example of applied research?

Using cows for developing a new vaccine for chicken pox

Which of the following does NOT reduce immunocompetence?

Vaccinations

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding illumination in rooms housing rodents?

Young albino mice prefer much lower illumination than the adults, Changes in light/dark cycles can affect body weight gain, Photoperiod affects reproduction.

Which of the following statements concerning health risks from working with mice is FALSE?

Zoonotic disease risks from specific-pathogen-free mice are generally very high.

According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, mice should be housed in rooms where the relative humidity is:

between 30 and 70%.

Fasting of mice before surgery is not necessary because:

mice do not vomit.

Mix-ups in animal numbers, errors in weighing animals, and variations in room temperatures are all examples of:

nonexperimental variables.

To monitor anesthetic depth, you should periodically:

pinch the animal's toe or foot pad.

Healthy animals placed in the animal room for the specific purpose of detecting disease are called:

sentinel animals.

Laboratory cats and dogs are often vaccinated against:

the same diseases that pets are vaccinated against.