RBT Exam
Replacement behaviors are taught so
the individual has a more desirable option for the behavior of concern
Generalization of skills is achieved when
the learner uses the skill taught in DTI in the natural environment
The United Nations General Assembly provided a standard for: a. The rights of those on U.S. soil b. The rights of humans without mental health issues c. The rights of incarcerated humans d. The rights of all humans.
the rights of all humans
Which of the following data collection methods involves recording the results of each trial presented?
trail by trail data
One way to help a learner generalize skills is to
use varied program materials for targets
Which of the following statements is the best way to describe this particular behavioral intervention to a parent of a child receiving the intervention?
After John has written 3 letters of his name, give him a small piece of crunchy cereal.
Interval schedules of reinforcement are delivered:
After a specific amount of time has passed
Ratio schedules of reinforcement offer reinforcers:
After a specific number of responses are displayed
Variable interval schedules of reinforcement occur:
After an unpredictable amount of time has passed
The Initial RBT Competency Assessment should be implemented -
After the 40-hour training and before applying to take the exam
What statement most accurately describes the role of the RBT in communication with families?
Agencies may have specific guidelines for communicating with families that align with the BACB's Professional and Ethical Compliance Code.
RBT Requirements Coordinators are responsible for -
All supervision activities of RBTs across an organizatioin
The 4 basic conditions set up in a functional analysis are
Alone, attention, demand, and tangible
What could be considered a "multiple relationship" according to the RBT Ethics Code?
An RBT and parent of a client who have a romantic relationship
Which of the following is an example of overzealous intrusive intervention?
An RBT running over to a client who is slapping himself and screaming for help while they are trying to hold the person's hands
Fixed interval schedules often result in:
An increased rate of responding at the end of the interval
A crisis plan includes which sections?
Antecedent Interventions, Escalation, Crisis, Post Crisis
Which of the following increases the value of a reinforcer for an individual?
If it is delivered immediately and only available for the display of the target behavior
When is it acceptable to videotape a client receiving an intervention?
If the client and family provide informed consent, which means they know why the videotaping is occurring.
Which of the following imitation skills is the most difficult for a person with autism?
Imitating Facial Expressions
Vocal imitation targets should start out as:
Imitating one syllable words
Which of the following kinds of imitation is associated with successful play with peers?
Imitating other children's actions
If an intervention is implemented with a "high degree of fidelity," it is:
Implemented consistently and accurately
Although components of shaping programs sometimes need to be retaught, shaping always moves:
In a forward direction
What could be considered a violation of the portion of the RBT Ethics Code that addressed accurate representation of credentials and work?
Not renewing credentials and still claiming to have a current RBT status
In providing written communication, RBTs should use what?
Observable and measurable terms and descriptions.
Which of the following schedules for exchanging tokens for back-up reinforcers might be best for a class of 5th graders
Once a week
Which of the following activities is needed in order to make sure behavior plans are effective? a. Ongoing data collection and analysis b. A verbal check in with the RBTs c. A conversation with the client's loved ones d. Monthly observations of the intervention being implemented
Ongoing data collection and analysis
George started his session with Nate by playing with cars on a racetrack with him. They raced cars and Nate's car won. Nate laughed and said "do it again." George told him okay and they continued playing for the next 10 minutes. What was George doing?
Pairing himself as a reinforcer
Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?
Paying a speeding ticket
Ethical codes and supervision of behavior analytic services are important because:
People receiving behavior analytic interventions are vulnerable and deserve the best interventions available.
Which core domain includes lifelong learning and developing skills?
Personal growth
Which core domain includes nutrition and self-care skills?
Physical well-being
Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on self-management and the development of behaviors associated with empathy?
Pivotal Response Treatment
Which of the following can be done to try and elicit a request (mand) from a child?
Place the reinforcer in a place where they have to ask for it
Motivating operations can exert stimulus control over a behavior by:
Playing a role in the effectiveness of the reinforcer at that point in time
What best describes the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement involves giving something to increase a behavior and negative reinforcement involves taking something away in order to increase behavior
Fixed ratio schedules:
Produce high and steady rates of behavior
What needs to be included as part of data collection for naturalistic teaching session?
Prompt levels needed to elicit the target behavior
When a learner imitates the correct sound during a discrete trial, what is the next thing the interventionist should do?
Provide Reinforcement
Variable ratio schedules of reinforcement:
Provide high and steady rates of the behavior targeted for reinforcement -Vegas slots
When families have questions about the impact of ABA on the future of their child, which is the best approach toward answering them?
Provide honest and accurate information about ABA in general and refer to individual data.
What behavioral skills training (BST) would this statement most closely match? "First, provide her with a sensory toy."
Providing instruction.
Which of the following statements is true about the role of an RBT in the behavior change process?
RBTs implement behavior change interventions.
Multiple exemplar training involves teaching target words as:
Receptive identification, tacts, and intraverbals
Behavior intervention plans that work:
Reduce problem behavior and increase desirable behavior
Punishment is the result of a stimulus following a behavior that serves to:
Reduce the behavior
Practicing nonjudgment means:
Regardless of circumstances, always assume that families are trying their best.
What illustrates an FR3 schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforced after the 3rd correct response
Which of the following is an example of a progressive schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforcement after the 2nd behavior, then after the 4th, then after the 5th
Differential Reinforcement is a procedure combining what two procedures?
Reinforcement and extinction
Which of the following is true in reference to tacts and reinforcement?
Reinforcement is not necessarily specific to the tact
What can be said about reinforcement used in discrete trial instruction?
Reinforcers used in discrete trial instruction are often unrelated to teaching activities
What is true about concept of motivating operations (MO)?
Reinforcers work better when they are in effect.
Undesirable behavior can be reduced by:
Reinforcing alternative behaviors, using extinction, or punishment.
Differential reinforcement works by:
Reinforcing only the behaviors that should be increased while removing reinforcement from behaviors that should be decreased. Increasing desirable behaviors while decreasing problem behavior.
Which core domain includes connection and closeness with others?
Relationships
Walter can ride a bicycle and shoot a basketball through a hoop, but he cannot draw a picture of a dog. Which of the skills would you say are in Walter's "behavioral repertoire?"
Riding a bicycle and shooting a basketball through a hoop
Which of the following is an example of an intraverbal?
Saying "I like chocolate. What do you like?"
What could be a successive approximation for shaping the behavior of "having a conversation"?
Saying "hello" to another person
Which of the following types of interventions are RBTs allowed to use?
Scientifically-based behavioral interventions
A behavior technician gave a learner a cue card to use when she needs to ask a question in class. This is the beginning stage of which type of naturalistic intervention?
Script fading
A behavior technician provides a card written cue for what to say when ordering lunch at a restaurant. As the individual ordering at the restaurant is able to order more independently, the words on the card are reduces. This is an example of
Script fading
What are some of the logistical issues families face when they decide to enroll in ABA therapy for their child?
Securing payment, transportation, and preparing the home for intervention.
Which of the following is an example of a naturally occurring discriminative stimulus at work? Seeing a stop sign and ignoring it Explaining what a stop sign means Seeing a stop sign and stopping Drawing a picture of a stop sign
Seeing a stop sign and stopping
Which core domain includes setting goals and making choices?
Self-determination
Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) involves:
Setting an interval for the problem behavior not to be displayed and reinforcing if it is not displayed
Variables that are in operation before the display of a behavior and are related to the behavior are
Setting events
Marcia is teaching Denise how to clean a kitchen. She taught her how to rinse dishes and put them in the dishwasher, how to wipe counters, and how to sweep. The process Marcia used to teach how to clean a kitchen is called
Shaping
The purpose of modeling in behavioral skills training (BST) is to :
Show how to implement a procedure.
Which of the following would be the least intrusive intervention for sitting on the floor and refusing to go to the next activity?
Showing the person a visual for stand up, wait until they complied, then gave a small reward for compliance in getting to the destination
What is the best way to thin reinforcement?
Slowly and gradually
One of the biggest drawbacks of using response cost is:
So many tokens can be taken away creating a situation where the individual has a negative balance
Why is it important for behaviors that are targeted fro token reinforcement be clearly defined?
So that everyone involved in the delivering or receiving tokens know which behaviors are being reinforced
Why is it important to indicate the activity that is occurring while intervening using naturalistic strategies on the data collections form?
So the context of the intervention can be communicated for future reference.
Why is goal setting with families important?
So they can feel like they are being heard by ABA staff.
What is the best reason to train parents and caregivers on how to implement naturalistic teaching?
So they can help the child acquire the intervention targets quicker
Why is it important for learners to generalize new behavior?
So they can use it in a meaningful way across different situations
Which core domain includes a sense of belonging in the community?
Social inclusion
Skill Acquisition Plan
Socially significant, describe skill, data collection method, maintenance
Why would a naturalistic approach be effective as the first ABA-based approach for some learners?
Some learners find structured approach aversive so ABA may need to begin within within a natural context
A limited hold is sometimes added to interval reinforcement in order to:
Speed up the display of the target behavior
Automatic reinforcement is associated most closely with
Stereotypic behaviors
Grace is teaching Micah how to write his name. She started by giving him a sheet with his name spelled in dark dotted lines. Once Micah was able to trace his name using those dark dotted lines, she faded them until there were no lines and he could write his name independently. What was the process Grace used?
Stimulus fading
Response cost used in a token system involves:
Taking a token away for the display of undesirable behavior -a consequence intervention involving punishment
Extinction of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement works by:
Taking away the reinforcer for problem behavior
Which best describes a task analysis?
Target behaviors broken down into steps
Beverly will touch a requested item is an example of
Target response
When larger skills are broken down into teachable steps, this is called
Task Analysis
______ is when target behaviors are broken down into steps.
Task analysis
Strategies for promoting generalization of tacts include:
Teaching different forms of the tact and varying teaching conditions
Backward chaining involves:
Teaching the ending steps to the chain first and then teaching earlier steps
Which of the following could be a replacement behavior for cutting in line?
Teaching to stand in line and wait
Teaching targets on the written skill acquisition plan:
Tell the behavior technician what to present.
Your supervisor tells you to use a strategy you have no idea how to use. What is the best response to the request?
Tell the supervisor immediately that you do not know how to use the strategy and ask for them to demonstrate it.
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
Telling someone "no" when they are about to run into the street
Prior to the creation of the RBT Ethics Code, which set of ethical standards did RBTs follow?
The Professional and Ethical Compliance Code of the BACB
RBTs must document:
The data from the session and any other relevant information
What is a ratio strain?
The disruption in the display of the behavior when reinforcement is thinned too quickly
A good rule for using token systems for younger children is:
The fewer target behaviors to reinforce at a time, the better
Why is saying "What do you want?" a bad idea during initial mand training?
The learner can become dependent on the phrase to produce mands
Which of the following best describes the value of stimulus control? The learner is under the control of the instructor The learner is under the control of the intervention The learner can focus on what is important The learner can focus on extraneous variables.
The learner can focus on what is important
What is an advantage of backward chaining:
The learner experiences the culmination of the steps of the chain more quickly
Generalization across settings occurs when:
The learner performs the behavior in different environments
When using a lag schedule of reinforcement for intraverbal training, reinforce after
The learner provides a correct but different response from the last one
If an RBT puts a picture of herself and the clients she works with on a social media site, she is:
Violating the client's right to confidentiality
Which is another term for echoics?
Vocal imitation
Which of the following is the best way to determine how to follow the child's lead during a naturalistic teaching session?
Watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene
Which of the following is an example of gaze following?
Watching a race car as it zooms around a track
What is an interobserver agreement (IOA)?
When 2 data collectors agree on data collected at the same time during a behavior.
A concurrent schedule of reinforcement is operating when:
When 2 schedules of reinforcement are simultaneously available
At what point should a behavior reduction plan be considered?
When environmental variables for behavior are ruled out
Under what circumstances is it alright not to take data immediately after a behavior occurs:
When the demands of the intervention or the behavior of the person precludes taking data immediately
Behavioral function tries to explain:
Why the behavior is happening.
Why is modeling optimism helpful to families?
You can show them that there is hope for the future.
According to the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code, clients and their families have a right to:
Your background check and credentials
Which of the following increases the likelihood of the future occurrence of a behavior? a) responses b) antecedents c) reinforcers d) punishers
c) reinforcers
Which of the following is a behavior? a) being in compliance b) having a good attitude c) running a race d) being inappropriate
c) running a race
Why is it important to operationally define a behavior before collecting data? a) operational definitions allow for intervention to occur during data collection b) operational definitions are less specific so a broader view of the behavior can be captured by the data c) to ensure the data being collected actually focused on the specific behavior of concern d) to determine behavioral function more easily
c) to ensure the data being collected actually focused on the specific behavior of concern
Which of the following best describes stimulus control? a) when an individual behaves the same way in the presence of 2 or more stimuli b) when an individual has control over the stimuli in which they choose to pay attention regardless of the behavior that results c) when an individual behaves one way in the presence of a stimulus and differently in the presence of another d) when the individual behaves differently in the presence of the same stimulus resulting in different motivations for the behavior
c) when an individual behaves one way in the presence of a stimulus and differently in the presence of another
Which of the following is a discriminative stimulus (SD)? a) receiving a sticker for completing a task b) receiving something to eat after saying "I'm hungry" c)saying "match blue" and receiving a blue card d) not following a direction given by an adult
c)saying "match blue" and receiving a blue card
which of the following time frames first offered chemicals as a means of behavior change a. 1700 b. 1970 c. 1940-50 d. 1930
c. 1940-50
Which would be the next step in a shaping program to increase time on task from 3 minutes? a. 1 minute b. 3 minutes c. 4 minutes d. 8 minutes
c. 4 minutes
Which of the following is an example of a 3-step direction? a. Put the toys in the box b. Tap the table and stand up c. Arms up, stand up, and touch head d. Arms up and wave hands
c. Arms up, stand up, and touch head
The BACB states that interventions and treatments used by those credentialed or certified by the BACB must be:a. Useful b. Orignial c. Evidenced-based d. Easy to implement
c. Evidenced-based
When is it okay to provide data that is not 100% accurate or true? a. When you get too busy to collect it appropriately b. It is okay as a general rule c. It is never okay to provide inaccurate data d. When your job is on the line
c. It is never okay to provide inaccurate data
Which of the following best describes "match to sample"? a. Selecting items based on their attributes b. Following a one-step direction c. Matching an item to an identical one d. Choosing the correct item after a cue is delivered
c. Matching an item to an identical one
which of the following statements best explains the importance of shaping and chaining? a. many behaviors can't be formed without explicit explanations. b. complex behaviors is easy for most learners to aquire and retain on their own c. complex behaviors and skills need to be taught one step at a time d. learners will not perform any behaviors unless they are presented in small steps
c. complex behaviors and skills need to be taught one step at a time
which is the following is an example of an intermittent schedule of reinforcement? a. mikey gets a high five each time he completes a pattern from a model. b. each time margaret places a target in a video game, a "nice move" and a star appears. c. every 4th problem juan answers gets a sticker d. cheri receives a point each time she turns in an assignment.
c. every 4th problem juan answers gets a sticker
people who are receiving ABA services have the right to treatments that are
effective, least intrusive, necessary
If a learner starts displaying a skill learned in DTI within natural environment, we might say that the learner
has generalized the skill from DTI to the natural environment
Promoting procedures help a behavior technician to
know how to prompt and how to fade prompts
When multiple people are involved in the delivery of a naturalistic intervention, it is important that everyone
knows what skills are to be addressed and the strategies used to teach the skill
Naturalistic techniques are used to help learners generalize skills and for learners who
might initially resist more structured settings
Which of the following should you do if you are using errorless learning to deliver a trial?
provide the most intrusive prompt necessary for correct responding
The foundation for any behavior change plan should be:
Ethical standards and best practices
Potentially embarrassing situations what should the RBT do?
Even if the learner DON'T understand that what they are doing is embarrassing and comical for others, as the technician, you have to minimize their potential for embarrassment or exposure. You can't laugh and participate in the embarrassing moment
What is one of the two main ideas behind the quality of life approach to services?
Every person has the right to a life of quality
The Professional and Ethical Compliance Code of the BACB stated that interventions and treatments used by those credentialed or certified by the BACB be:
Evidenced-based
Which of the following is a behavior reduction procedure?
Extinction
a child is getting a reinforcer every time they sit down. which schedule of reinforcemet is this?
FR 1
What is a component of behavioral skill training (BST) that determines the most impact on which way intervention was delivered?
Feedback
Which of the following reflects treatment by competent personnel?
Felicity is working with 8 year old Marcus today. She has completed her RBT training and all the company training. She has spent 5 hours shadowing other therapists working with Marcus and has completed 2 successful sessions with him under the observation of the BCBA.
Active listening involves:
Focusing on the message and not getting too distracted by the details.
Which of the following is not a joint attention behavior that is often exhibited by individuals with autism?
Following the point of another person
What are examples of a primary reinforcer?
Food, shelter, water
Which of the following is an example of a motivating operation
Fred is hungry so crackers work well as a reinforcer for task compliance
Which type of reinforcer assessment involves allowing the learner access to many items at one time and observe what they interact with the most?]
Free operant
Which data collection procedure would be used for the following:Mike sometimes throw a piece of paper during math
Frequency because the behavior does not occur at very high rates.
Which of the following ways of approaching intraverbal intervention involves answering questions about the properties of an item?
Function, feature, or category
If you take a job working with adults on the autism spectrum but have only worked with children on the autism spectrum, which of the following should you do?
Get training in working with that population.
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Giving a learner a sticker for raising their hand before speaking and they continue to raise their hand
Which of the following parts of a written skill acquisition plan specifies the long term outcome for learner performance?
Goal
Any reinforcer that has the potential to affect the health of the client adversely if used inappropriately or in excess is called a:
Harmful reinforcer
Which is the best way to help families prioritize their efforts in working with their child?
Help the family address the most critical issue first.
When using discrete trials to teach beginning mands, you should:
Hold the reinforcer in sight and use echoic prompts
An FBA is performed to:
Hypothesize function of the behavior.
what is the learner is doing something dangerous? what type of intervention should you go for?
If a learner is engaging in potentially dangerous or threatening behavior, you don't have to be intrusive and restrain them...it's not ALWAYS necessary.Least intrusive intervention is the first one to try.If no one is in danger, redirect the learner's behavior.
what are carrier phrases?
"I want"" can i have""Give me"
What statement represents using clear language when discussing intervention progress?
"Joey's hand waving behavior has been reduced by 45% since he started being reinforced for doing other things.
Which of the following is an example of a mand?
"May I have an espresso, please?" (Request)
which 3 qualities of life domains MOST affect ALL THE OTHER DOMAINS?
1. personal growth 2. self determination 3. rights
What is the estimated percentage of self injurious behaviors that have automatic reinforcement as the function according to Hagopian et al. (2015)?
25%
At about what age do children start to answer who, what, and where questions?
3 to 4 years
The Renewal Competency Assessment requires ___ skills to be demonstrated with clients.
5
Which ratio of reinforcers to reprimands should be used for those who display high levels of problem behavior?
6 to 8 reinforcers to 1 reprimand
which of the following is an example of a clearly written criteria for mastery?
9 out of 10 times for 3 consecutive sessions
If discrimination training is being used to teach a learner to identify blue objects, which of the combination of materials should be used? 2 blue identical cards A blue ball and a blue toy car A dark blue card and a light blue card A blue card and a red card
A blue card and a red card
Which of the following violates the Professional and Compliance Code Element that addresses "disseminating accurate information about behavior analysis":
A brochure that states "ABA can ensure that your child will speak within 3 weeks of starting therapy"
Which of the following is included in a functional assessment plan
A definition of the behaviors of concern
What should be contained in a receipt of an expenditure? The purpose of the purchase and the date of the purchase The name of the salesperson with contact information A description of the item, the date of purchase and the amount of expense A supervisor's signature and the balance of the bank account
A description of the item, the date of purchase and the amount of expense
Martin is creating a reinforcer menu for 5 to 7 year olds in his social play group. Which of the following descriptions of the menu would be best for this group?
A large poster in the room with photos of 5 items and a visual representation of how many tokens each costs
How does the social model of disability view impairment?
A person's environment can turn an impairment into a disability
What is the difference between a primary and secondary reinforcer? (Unlearned V. Learned reinforcer)
A primary reinforcer is one that an individual does not have to learn to value
How does person-centered planning BEST addresses quality of life?
By including the person on their own support team
Stimulus equivalence occurs when: Stimuli are equal in attribute or magnitude A response is correctly displayed only under certain circumstances A response is correctly displayed in the presence of a stimulus that has not been trained or reinforced A response is correctly displayed under situations in which the learner has been trained
A response is correctly displayed in the presence of a stimulus that has not been trained or reinforced
What is a stimulus class?
A set of stimuli that share a common attribute
Which of the following is an example of how stimulus control could be augmented? A timer to signal how long to brush teeth Ignoring requests for assistance Reinforcing only independent responses Providing more prompts than necessary
A timer to signal how long to brush teeth
Which of the following token forms would be best for a young child receiving discrete trials?
A token board with 3 spaces exchanged for reinforcers during the session
Which step in implementing a token economy comes after the individual displays the target behavior?
A token is delivered to the individual
Which of the following items would be the best choice for using during a naturalistic teaching session with a young child?
A toy car with a racetrack
In discrete trial instruction, a short instruction delivered to a learner is called: A. A discriminative stimulus (SD) B. A consequence C. A reinforcer D. Feedback
A. A discriminative stimulus (SD)
Initiating joint attention is when: A. An individual initiates a bid for attention B. A person responds to a bid for attention C. No response is given to a bid for attention D. No opportunity for joint attention is available
A. An individual initiates a bid for attention
Recently, Mario's tantrums seem to last longer. Which data recording procedure might be the best one to use to determine this? A. Duration B. Partial interval C. Whole interval D. Time sampling
A. Duration
Forward chaining involves: A. Teaching the beginning steps and reinforcing each subsequent step B. Teaching the ending steps and reinforcing earlier steps in the chain C. Teaching the beginning steps and observing each subsequent step D. Teaching the ending steps and observing earlier steps in the chain
A. Teaching the beginning steps and reinforcing each subsequent step
Which of the following is the best way to determine how to follow the child's lead during a naturalistic teaching session? A. Watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene B. Conduct a reinforcer assessment and provide those reinforcers. C. Collect data on the number of behaviors you see the child do. D. Start the session and not allow the child to lead.
A. Watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene
Using transfer trials will help eliminate________________ A. prompt dependency. B. deprivation. C. satiation. D. boredom.
A. prompt dependency.
Which of the following is an illustration of reflexivity in relation to stimulus equivalence? A=A A=B A=B, A=C A=C
A=A
Extinction works by:
Abruptly stopping reinforcement for problem behavior
Which of the following statements is true? a. Accurate data is sometimes necessary for making sure that behavior change plans are relevant to the person receiving them. b. Accurate data is always necessary for building behavior change plans and measuring progress. c. If most of the data collected is accurate, then it will be enough to make decisions about the behavior. d. If only a small amount of data is collected over time, we still can make conclusions about the success or failure of a treatment plan.
Accurate data is always necessary for building behavior change plans and measuring progress.
A person's employer agrees to install an electric door opener so the person can more easily get into their office. What type of support is this?
Adaptation
Type 1 punishment involves:
Adding a condition to reduce a behavior
What is the term for helping a person protect their legal or human rights?
Advocacy
Which of the following is a learner characteristic that could impact the development of stimulus control? Attending skills Stimulus salience Masking Overshadowing
Attending skills
Which of the following is an intervention target for teaching responding joint attention?
Attending to a noisy toy when it is activated and positioned across the room
Which of the following are functions of behavior?
Attention, Tangible, Escape, Automatic Reinforcement
Responding joint attention is when: A. An individual initiates a bid for attention B. A person responds to a bid for attention C. No response is given to a bid for attention D. No opportunity for joint attention is available
B. A person responds to a bid for attention
Which of the following is true about chaining? A. It involves making large steps toward a goal B. It involves a step-wise progression of similar skills C. It involves moving the steps in the chain backward in all cases D. It involves waiting to see if the person can complete the steps independently
B. It involves a step-wise progression of similar skills
Cici loves to play with blocks but has little interest in being sung to. Her teacher decides to sing to her whenever Cici is playing with blocks so that the songs may also acquire reinforcing properties. This refers to what procedure? A. Differential reinforcement B. Stimulus-stimulus pairing C. Incidental teaching D. Extinction
B. Stimulus-stimulus pairing
Assessments are done by the
BCBA -Every behavior has a function, find it with functional assessment.
Why is it so important to always consider human rights and potential for risk of harm when establishing behavior change programs?
Because people who need these programs are often vulnerable and can become victims of mistreatment
Why are token systems considered to be "flexible"?
Because tokens can be traded for a choice of different reinforcers
The quote "All behavior has a communicative intent" (Carr, 1977) can be best explained by the statement:
Behavior always serves a purpose for the person engaging in the behavior.
What does the term "least intrusive" mean as it relates to behavior change plans?
Behavior change plans that place the least amount of risk or discomfort
Which of the following evidenced based practices in ABA helps someone learn a new skill step by step? a. Functional Communication Training b. Behavior shaping c. Natural environment teaching d. Reinforcement systems
Behavior shaping
John Watson used which term to describe the study of behavior?
Behaviorism
In which situations are differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) used?
Behaviors that are acceptable at low rates
Which of the following is an example of teaching an intraverbal target in the natural environment?
Being on a playground and asking "Where do you build sand castles?"
Momentary time sampling is good for
Big groups
Which of the following is a more current expansion of discrete trial instruction: A. Use of punishment following an incorrect response B. The use of animals in discrete trial intervention C. Errorless learning techniques D. The use of reinforcement as a consequence in a discrete trial
C. Errorless learning techniques
Which of the following evidenced based practices in ABA could help someone learn to communicate their wants and needs? a. Response blocking b. Reinforcement systems c. Functional Communication Training d. Prompting
C. Functional Communication Training
In which scenario would the reinforcer be effective and ethical to use?
Charlie completed a math quiz. He turned in his paper and received a point on his work completion card.
Which of the following statements provides an example of stimulus control? A dog running in the grass in the afternoon. A child asking to go to the park after school. A child sees a cookie and then asks for it Birds flying through the sky on a clear day.
Child sees a cookie and then asks for it
When it is necessary to use "categories" of behaviors to be reinforced in token systems, which of the following needs to happen?
Clearly define the behaviors that fall within those categories
What does the professional and ethical compliance code say about communication and multiple relationships?
Communicate in a way that does not encourage multiple relationships.
What statement is true regarding learning complex behaviors?
Complex behaviors cannot be learned all at once
What is the best course of action to take in the event of an extinction burst?
Continue the intervention.
What is one strategy that can be used to teach learners to initiate joint attention?
Create an unusual or odd circumstance to which the person is likely to have a reaction
The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) utilizes which feature in order to track progress of learners during the course of intervention?
Curriculum checklist
When you document you should attempt to document only? A. As little as possible so what you write cannot be used against you B. Your analysis of why what you documented happened C. Your impressions of the event you are documenting D. What was observed, not interpretations of what was observed
D. What was observed, not interpretations of what was observed
Partial interval is good to
Decrease behavior
Differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior are used to:
Decrease the time from the display of one behavior to the next
Which prompt fading strategy involves using the most intrusive prompt initially then fading to a less intrusive prompt?
Decreasing assistance
A time delay method for fading prompts would be:
Delay the delivery of prompts and wait for the person to respond
Fluency of skills is
Demonstrated by quick responding at high levels of accuracy
In order for reinforcers to be effective a(n)____ state must exist for that reinforcer
Deprivation
The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) places a large emphasis on
Developmental trajectories for intervention
Discrete trial teaching differs from naturalistic teaching strategies in that
Discrete trial instruction is adult-initiated and naturalistic teaching strategies are child inititated
Which data collection procedure would be used for the following:Mike has tantrums that seem to last a long time
Duration because it is necessary to know how long the tantrums last
Transfer trials are used when:
Echoic prompts need to be faded
The purpose of using a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement is to:
Eliminate the predictability of reinforcement
What core domain includes a person's feelings about themselves and their worth
Emotional well-being
Which of the following functions of behavior involves avoiding a task or interaction?
Escape
Two main reasons why individuals engage in a particular behavior are: 2 main main functions of behavior
Escape and gain
Continuous reinforcement schedules are most often used to:
Establish new behaviors
Large scale token systems typically involve the use of:
Established "currencies" that can be used for different items and activities at different times
You need to help Maria, a 15 year old girl learning to put on deodorant independently. Which environment would you choose to teach this skill in order to preserve her dignity? a. A room with other same gender clients. b. In a public restroom. c. In a private bathroom where you can prompt her through each step appropriately. d. Anywhere you can get to her to teach it
In a private bathroom where you can prompt her through each step appropriately.
Which of the following is considered a naturalistic teaching strategy?
Incidental teaching
Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior is used to:
Increase the amount of time between the display of one behavior to the next
What is the term for a behavior, event, or object that can help measure quality of life?
Indicator
If an RBT is unknowingly assigned to work with a relative, which of the following is the best course of action for the RBT to take? Just take the assignment and make the best of it. Quit Inform the supervisor of the situation and assure the supervisor that the relationship will not interfere with the work. Inform the supervisor and ask not to work with the client.
Inform the supervisor and ask not to work with the client.
Which data collection procedure would be used for the following:Mike rocks back and forth repeatedly throughout the day
Interval because the rocking occurs often
Why is role playing helpful in behavioral skills training (BST)?
It can provide a dry run of what to eventually do with the child.
What impact does reinforcement have on a behavior?
It increases a behavior
How does a motivating operation work to increase the effectiveness of mand training?
It makes it more likely that the individual will want the reinforcer and will mand for it
What is the MAIN idea behind Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
It shows that some needs must be met before others
What is a back-up reinforcer?
Items that tokens are exchanged for
Difficulties in joint attention lead to problems in:
Language development, vocabulary development, and social skills development
Which data collection procedure would be used for the following:Mike takes a long time to start his assignment after it is given
Latency because we are interested in the length of time it takes for him to get started on his work
Fixed ratio schedules are best used for:
Learning a new behavior
Mack is a 6 year old boy with autism and intense behavioral needs. His ABA team must make some staff changes. Which of the following scenarios would likely have the least negative impact on Mack?
Make one staffing change at a time and not change out other staff until the new staff member on the team can work independently and successfully with Mack.
Escape extinction works by:
Not allowing the individual to escape what they were trying to avoid
if an intrusive intervention such as punishment or physical intervention must be used, it is important to? a. make sure staff have clean background checks b. make sure that only the bigger staff members implement them c. make sure the data and the client are monitored for unintended side effects and rate of progress d. make sure the intervention is used on only the days that the behaviors are really bad.
Make sure the client and data are monitored for unintended side effects and the rate of progress.
Which of the following behaviors might serve a "gain attention" function?
Making silly noises
Which of the following verbal operants is used when a learner requests a cookie?
Mand
Which of the following verbal operants is directly tied to reinforcement?
Mands
Which of the following became a problem after the de-institutionalization movement of the 1970s? a. There were no problems. Institutions were all bad and people were better off without them. b. Many of those who resided in institutions became homeless and also were processed through the justice system. c. Communities accepted those with mental illness too willingly. d. The influx of skilled workers needing employment was too high.
Many of those who resided in institutions became homeless and also were processed through the justice system.
Which of the following is an example of overcorrection?
Marty had to clean the bathroom wall because she wrote on it.
In order to randomly rotate trials, what must a learner have done first?
Mastered some targets they can be mixed in the rotation
Which core domain includes a person's finances and living situation?
Material well-being
One of the main language targets that Milieu teaching addresses is
Mean length of utterance (MLU)
What is an example of a continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF)?
Mike gets a point each time he raises his hand.
Which of the following naturalistic approaches combines other naturalistic techniques to form an intervention strategy
Milieu teaching
Which of the following could be a prevention strategy for a behavior that involves throwing items?
Minimizing the number of items that could be thrown
What are some practices that ABA professionals need to adopt to build strong professional relationships with families?
Model optimism, practice nonjudgment, and prioritize intervention efforts.
As the interventionist, the first step in echoic training is to:
Model the sound
What type of activity would be appropriate during an RBT supervision session?
Modeling and coaching new ABA techniques
When providing a discrete trial to teach motor actions with objects, which of the following is the most critical aspect?
Modeling the action with the object
The components of the 4-term contingency include:
Motivating operation, discriminative stimulus, the behavior, the consequence
Stimulus control transfer is important for: Helping the learner only respond to prompts Increasing prompt dependency Moving artificial prompts to naturally occurring ones Ensuring that artificial prompts are always in place
Moving artificial prompts to naturally occurring ones
What three (3) things should be included in the Client section of the crisis plan?
Name of the individual, date of birth, and date the plan was created.
Which of the naturalistic techniques involves teaching language according to behavioral function explicitly?
Natural Environment Teaching (NET)
Why are naturalistic teaching strategies a good way to teach joint attention?
Natural Environments are a great way to engage learners with novel and reinforcing stimuli.
Stimulus discrimination training helps: The learner to discern what is correct in the presence of an incorrect stimulus The learner to discern what is incorrect in the presence of a correct stimulus The learner to determine how to go about responding to cues The learner to engage in multiple behaviors at once
The learner to discern what is correct in the presence of an incorrect stimulus
What framework for thinking about disability focuses on identifying and treating impairment?
The medical model
Whose point of view is MOST important in measuring quality of life?
The person's
What are two of the highest priorities in record keeping when providing services to people with disabilities? Billing and passing audits Grammar and punctuation The person's lifestyle preferences, and communication between co-workers Timeliness and wordiness
The person's lifestyle preferences, and communication between co-workers
What is the difference between differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)?
The replacement behavior selected in DRA does not have to be incompatible with the problem behavior.
What are three things that work together to ensure the person is living a life that reflects their needs and desires? The service plan, your support of the person based on this plan, and the documentation of your support The amount of funding the person receives, the educational background of their staff, and where they live The upbringing of the person, the quality of their education and their character The community the person lives in, the state of their health, and what their needs and desires are
The service plan, your support of the person based on this plan, and the documentation of your support
Joint attention is:
The shared focus of at least 2 individuals on an object or activity
What should the service plan for the person who is supported reflect? The dreams and goals of the person's parents for the person The strengths and weaknesses of the service provider Their specific strengths and weaknesses of the person who is supported The values, dreams, goals, needs and desires of the person
The values, dreams, goals, needs and desires of the person
Which of the following is an advantage of using a token economy?
They are resistant to satiation and individuals becoming bored because of the variety of back-up reinforcers that can be used.
Why is imitating facial expressions particularly difficult for some individuals with autism?
They avoid looking at faces
Teaching with multiple instructions helps learners to generalize because:
They can respond to different cues found in the natural environment
Why are prevention strategies a valuable part of behavior intervention plans?
They decrease the likelihood that an undesirable behavior will get reinforced
Which of the following describes a potential issue with environmental stimuli and people with disabilities? They usually overreact to stimuli They usually underreact to stimuli They sometimes overreact and underreact to stimuli They usually do not hear or see stimuli
They sometimes overreact and underreact to stimuli
What replacement behaviors might be functionally equivalent to the undesirable behavior of screaming a demand?
Verbalizing what is wanted.
Which of the following is an example of a dual relationship? Jennifer a BCBA, says hi to Miriam, the mother of one of her clients, at the grocery store. The staff at ABA Unleashed participate in an autism walk with the families of their clients on a Saturday. Tina and Lois are best friends. Lois is an RBT who works with Tina's son. Nick is on a church committee with Hank. Nick is an RBT who works with Hank's adult daughter.
Tina and Lois are best friends. Lois is an RBT who works with Tina's son.
Items on a reinforcer menu should range in price because:
To allow for the purchase of an item even thought they may have many or few tokens
What is the best reason for thinning reinforcement?
To decrease dependence on the reinforcer in order to demonstrate the behavior
Why is it important to establish target behaviors in a token system?
To know what behaviors an individual must display to receive a token
Which of the following is the best reason for conducting a reinforcer assessment before implementing a naturalistic intervention?
To know what to have available as reinforcers and possibly intervention materials
Why are intermittent reinforcement schedules used?
To maintain previously acquired behaviors
When delivering token reinforcement for the display of a targeted behavior, it is a good idea to:
To provide the individual receiving the token a brief explanation why they are receiving it
What are 3 reasons to ask questions?
To start a conversation, to obtain information, and to show interest in another's ideas.
Which of the following represents mass trials?
Touch head, touch head, touch head, touch head
Michelle is an RBT who is teaching a mother how to implement a visual schedule for her child. What is Michelle doing?
Training a parent how to implement an intervention
Triadic eye gaze is:
Two individuals sharing eye gaze on an object then looking at each other
A most-to-least prompting sequence involves: Using no prompts and then a non-intrusive prompt Using the most intrusive prompt and then no prompt Using the least intrusive prompt and then no prompt Using the most intrusive prompt, then less intrusive prompts until the least is used
Using the most intrusive prompt, then less intrusive prompts until the least is used
Which of the following should be used for teaching the concept of blue? Identical shades of blue on various objects Various shades of blue on identical objects Objects of different colors Identical objects of one shade of blue
Various shades of blue on identical objects
Which of the following is an example of punishment? a) after a student got scolded in the hallway for making noises in class, he quit making noises in class b) after a student got scolded in the hallway for making noises, he made more noises in class c) a student received a bad grade on his math assignment d) a student got out of doing classwork due to his disruptive behavior
a) after a student got scolded in the hallway for making noises in class, he quit making noises in class
Which part of the 3-term contingency addresses factors that occur before the display of behavior? a) antecedents b) responses c) consequences d) reinforcement
a) antecedents
What are the 4 main types of data collected during functional assessment? a) archival, informant, observational, and functional analysis b) informant, written, observational, and archival c) archival, observational, functional assessment, and informant d) archival, frequency, observational, and functional analysis
a) archival, informant, observational, and functional analysis
Why are individuals taught to use replacement behaviors in place of problem behavior? a) because just suppressing a problem behavior does not provide a way to get an individual's needs met b) because just suppressing a problem behavior provides a way for an individual to learn new behaviors c) because replacement behaviors are always required by behavior intervention plans d) because families need a way to know that a child's behavior is improving
a) because just suppressing a problem behavior does not provide a way to get an individual's needs met
The behavior dimension of ABA refers to: a) being able to observe and measure behavior b) interventions being based on a theory c) effectiveness of interventions d) being able to produce similar results in different environments
a) being able to observe and measure behavior
Which of the following makes reinforcement more effective? a) deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency b) prompting, immediacy, size, and contingency c) deprivation state, latency, size, and contingency d) deprivation state, immediacy, size, and opportunity
a) deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency
Match the behavioral function to the intervention for,1-on-1 time after a task is finished a) gain attention b) escape social interaction c) escape a task d) gain tangible item
a) gain attention
How can consistency and routine help to increase the display of a desired behavior? a) predictability that goes along with consistency and routine helps learners focus on what is important b) consistency and routine create boredom so the individual is more likely to engage in desired behavior c) consistency and routine create excitement so the individual is more likely to engage in desired behavior d) predictability that goes along with consistency and routine does not help the display of behavior
a) predictability that goes along with consistency and routine helps learners focus on what is important
The work of Pavlov and his classical conditioning showed that :a) reflexive response to stimuli could be trained b) rats would press a lever until they were full c) individuals always behaved in a logical manner d) dogs would not respond to auditory cues
a) reflexive response to stimuli could be trained
Which of the following is a pivotal skill that helps individuals "learn to learn"? a) responding to multiple cues in the environment b) being able to sequence items c) engaging in desirable behavior only d) discriminating among features of items
a) responding to multiple cues in the environment
In ABA, which is the best reason why behaviors are targeted for increase?a) so learners can increase overall skill repertoiresb) so learner wont engage in inappropriate behaviorc) so skill acquisition programs can be implementedd) so individual will learn functional skills
a) so learners can increase overall skill repertoires
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? a) taking away a chore for making good grades b) telling a friend that you will meet then later c) telling someone to sweep the kitchen d) giving a child a video after he completes a task
a) taking away a chore for making good grades
ABA is used in the field of IDD to:a) teach new behaviorsb) offer cures for various conditionsc) offer predictions about future needsd) get people to do unethical things
a) teach new behaviors
What is the overall intent for delivering a discriminative stimulus? a) to get an individual to engage in a particular behavior b) to get an individual to engage in goal-directed behavior c) to get an individual to understand generalized directions d) to get an individual to engage in appropriate social behavior
a) to get an individual to engage in a particular behavior
Which of the following is a tact? a. "Dog!" when a dog was seen. b. "French fries" when asked "What do you want to eat?" c. "Tomato soup" when asked "What do you eat with a spoon that is hot?" d. "Go 'round and 'round" when hearing "The wheels on the bus"
a. "Dog!" when a dog was seen.
In a typically developing child, at what age do they turn their heads to the source of a sound? a. 2 months b. 12 months c. 18 months d. 2 years
a. 2 months
Which of the following is an example of an echoic? a. Say "juice." "Juice." b. "What is that?" c. "What color is your new shirt?" d. "Tell me how many legs a spider has."
a. Say "juice." "Juice."
Which is the most important reason for RBTs to be active listeners? a. So they can understand and act on what is delivered in the message b. So they can show concern for an individual and their families c. So they can learn from their colleague's mistakes d. So they can understand what is said quickly and move to action
a. So they can understand and act on what is delivered in the message
Which of the following may be necessary to create for a functional skills intervention session? a. Visual task analysis b. Detailed description of the task c. Lesson plan d. Crisis plan
a. Visual task analysis
which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer? a. sticker b. water c. crackers d. a blanket in cold weather
a. sticker
Which of the following is a consequence that is likely to result in the increase of a behavior? a) punishment b) motivating operation c) reinforcement d) antecedent
c) reinforcement
least intrusive interventions are preferable bc?a. they offer the person a greater opportunity to self monitor their own behaviorb. they are not preferable because they take too long to be effectivec. they are the easiest to used. they are always appropriate
a. they offer the person a greater opportunity to self monitor their own behavior
what are the 3 types of generalization?
across people, settings, and circumstances
Punishment has occurred when the behavior is followed: a) maintains b) decreases c) increases d) generalizes
b) decreases
Match the behavioral function to the intervention for,Allow for solitary play after playing alongside peers for a few minutes a) gain attention b) escape social interaction c) escape a task d) gain tangible item
b) escape social interaction
Stimulus control transfer involves: a) increasing prompts so they are not needed for the learner to perform the behavior b) fading prompts so they are not needed for the learner to perform the behavior c) fading prompts so they are needed for the learner to perform the behavior d) increasing prompts so they are needed for the leaner to perform the behavior
b) fading prompts so they are not needed for the learner to perform the behavior
Joint attention skills should be targeted for increase for those individuals who: a) engage in high levels of problem behavior involving the execution of crisis procedures b) having difficulty responding to cues made by another to attend to a stimulus c) display proficient levels of verbal behavior and can have conversations d) have adequate daily living skills including toilet training
b) having difficulty responding to cues made by another to attend to a stimulus
Which of the following is an explanation of the Dead Man's Test: a) if a dead man can do it, then it is a behavior b) if a dead man cannot do it, then it is a behavior c) if a dead man once did ti. then it is a behavior
b) if a dead man cannot do it, then it is a behavior
What can be said regarding the 7 dimensions of ABA and interventions based on ABA? a) interventions may or may not have the dimensions in order to be considered behavior analytic b) interventions must have all dimensions to be considered behavior analytic c) interventions must have at least 5 of the 7 dimensions in order to be behavior analytic d) interventions do not actually have to have any of the dimensions in order to be considered behavior analytic
b) interventions must have all dimensions to be considered behavior analytic
Which of the following is true regarding behavioral shaping? a) only easily attainable behaviors are addressed by shaping b) larger or more complex behaviors are taught in smaller steps c) larger behaviors are not addressed unless they are detrimental to the person's health d) the larger behavior is reinforced at the beginning of shaping programs
b) larger or more complex behaviors are taught in smaller steps
Skinner used the term operant conditioning to describe: a) conditioned reflexes exhibited by dogs b) rats pressing a lever to receive food until they were full c) interventions for those who display self-injury d) all the techniques used in ABA
b) rats pressing a lever to receive food until they were full
Which of the following behaviors could be reinforced on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement? a) the number of tasks completed b) the amount of time spent on a task c) the number of correct responses on a test d) the amount of effort needed to complete a task
b) the amount of time spent on a task
Secondary reinforces become reinforcing after: a) the individual understands why they are receiving the reinfocer b) the secondary reinforcer is associated with other reinforcers c) the individual has not received reinforcement for a time d) the secondary reinforcer is not associated with other reinforcers
b) the secondary reinforcer is associated with other reinforcers
In a typically developing child, at what age do they respond to hearing their name? a. 2 months b. 6 months c. 12 months d. 18 months
b. 6 months
Skinner's work in establishing a relationship between pressing a lever and the alleviation of hunger led to the term ____ which serves as a basis of most behavior analytic work today. a) classical conditioning b) technological conditioning c) operant conditioning d) over conditioning
c) operant conditioning
Which of the following interventionist actions is likely to be observed during naturalistic intervention? a. Providing cues for responses in isolation and then providing them in less structured settings b. Allowing the learner to approach a reinforcing item but blocking access until they respond to a discriminative stimulus (SD) c. Allowing the learner to approach a reinforcing item and letting them have it before delivering a discriminative stimulus (SD) d. Providing cues for response in the context of ongoing activities and waiting until the learner is willing to respond
b. Allowing the learner to approach a reinforcing item but blocking access until they respond to a discriminative stimulus (SD)
Which of the following is an example of a harmful reinforcer a. 10 minutes of video game time after completing homework b. An entire box of cookies after using the toilet independently. c. Going swimming with Dad after you clean up your room d. Getting a hug from your favorite teacher after you help a classmate pick up books spilled out of her desk.
b. An entire box of cookies after using the toilet independently.
When is the best time to allow for a break during a discrete trial session? a. When the learner has had some mild behavior issues or is not paying attention at all b. Before or when the learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests to respond to discriminative stimuli (SD) c. When the learner appears to be tired and is exhibiting noncompliant behaviors d. After 20 minutes or when your supervisor tells you to
b. Before or when the learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests to respond to discriminative stimuli (SD)
To achieve momentum during a discrete trial session, you must: a. Deliver the discriminative stimuli (SD) slowly b. Deliver discriminative stimuli (SD) quickly c. Provide a lot of time between trials d. Wait to reinforce at the end of the session
b. Deliver discriminative stimuli (SD) quickly
Which of the following is an illustration of most-to-least prompting? a. Modeling, full physical, gestural, positional b. Partial physical, modeling, visual, gestural c. Gestural, partial physical, modeling, positional d. Visual, gestural, positional, partial physical
b. Partial physical, modeling, visual, gestural
Which of the following is an example of discretionary effort as defined by Daniels (2000)? a. Cindy follows all of her supervisor's instructions and is never late to work. b. Susanna cleans the work area and organizes materials without being asked. c. Marco finds what his colleagues are doing incorrectly and trains them on the correct procedure. d. Lynn reads informational articles about ABA when she is at home.
b. Susanna cleans the work area and organizes materials without being asked.
If a behavior is maintained: a. Then the individual continues to perform it while intervention continues b. Then the individual continues to perform it after intervention has stopped c. Then the individual displays it across settings d. Then the individual does not display it across settings
b. Then the individual continues to perform it after intervention has stopped
which of the following is an illustration of the matching law? a. jonas perfers reinforcement with toys over edibles b. jonas responds correctly when given a fav reinforcer. he does not respond when the reinforcers are not his fav. c. jonas will only respond when he is not tired. d. jonas responds correctly when given a reinforcer. he does not respond when reinforcers are avaiable.
b. jonas responds correctly when given a fav reinforcer. he does not respond when the reinforcers are not his fav.
Why are crisis plans incorporated into some behavior intervention plans? a)because some beh. involve violence and those in the environment must be made aware b)because most beh. that warrant an intervention plan are dangerous and risk must be minimized c) because some behaviors cause a risk to the safety of the individual engaging in the behavior or others in the environment d) because authorities need to know what the individual engage in the behavior is capable of doing
c) because some behaviors cause a risk to safety of the individual engaging in the behavior or others in the environment
Which of the following is an antecedent variable that could play a role in the display of a behavior? a) being hungry b) being told to "look at me" c) being in a quiet environment d) being thirsty
c) being in a quiet environment
Match the behavioral function to the intervention for,allow free time after a part of the task is complete a) gain attention b) escape social interaction c) escape a task d) gain tangible item
c) escape a task
Which of the following is an example of secondary reinforcement? a) giving an edible for completing a trial b) allowing someone to sleep after a long day c) getting a good grade on a test d) giving someone water when they are thirsty
c) getting a good grade on a test
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement? a) taking away a homework assignment for doing classwork b) telling a child no when she asks for a cookie c) giving someone a compliment for doing good work
c) giving someone a compliment for doing good work
Which of the following is an antecedent that can be altered to help enhance the display of desirable behavior? a) saying "come here" b) providing an edible reinforcer if the individual is hungry c) noise level in the intervention environment d) providing reinforcement for a job well done
c) noise level in the intervention environment
which of the following is an advantage of backward chaining? a. it allows the learner to learn steps starting from the beginning b. it allows the learner to learn the steps starting from the beginning c. it allows the learner to see the results of the steps in the chain quicker. d. it allows the learner to see the results of the steps in the chain more slowly.
c. it allows the learner to see the results of the steps in the chain quicker.
if you are trying to teach a new skill to someone, which reinforcement schedule would you use in the beginning?
continuous schedule
Which of the following is the best example of a stimulus class? a) a lampshade, spoon, pencil, and a toy car b) a phone, book, picture frame, and a dog c) a street sign, yard, road, and a sofa d) a toothbrush, toothpaste, mouthwash, and a cup of water
d) a toothbrush, toothpaste, mouthwash, and a cup of water
Which part of the 3-term contingency is the most responsible for exerting stimulus control over a particular behavior? a) consequences b) punishment c) attention d) antecedents
d) antecedents
The 3-term contingency refers to:a) reinforcement, punishment, behavioral functionb) conditioning, antecedents, consequencesc) antecedents, behavior, reinforcementd) antecedents, behavior, consequences
d) antecedents, behavior, consequences
Which of the following dimensions of ABA refers to the social importance of problems? a) analytic b) conceptual c) technological d) applied
d) applied
How does functional communication training (FCT) address problem behavior? a) by addressing daily living skills needed to replace problem behavior b) by suppressing problem behavior through reinforcement c) by increasing desirable behavior through alterations to the environment d) by addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior
d) by addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior
Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer? a) stickers on a chart b) tokens on a token board c) a paycheck d) food
d) food
Match the behavioral function to the intervention for,Give a preferred toy after completing a simple task a) gain attention b) escape social interaction c) escape a task d) gain tangible item
d) gain tangible item
Which of the following can make reinforcement more effective? a) making sure it is edible b) making sure there is free access to it c) making sure it happens occurs spontaneously d) making sure it is delivered immediately
d) making sure it is delivered immediately
Which of the following might be a functionally equivalent skill for grabbing food from others? a) putting hands in pockets instead of grabbing food b) leaving the room instead of grabbing food c) asking to leave the area instead of grabbing food d) requesting food items instead of grabbing food
d) requesting food items instead of grabbing food
How would you know if you have successfully paired yourself as a reinforcer? a. If the learner is only slightly reluctant to start work b. If the learner never wants the session to end c. If the learner shows fewer behavior problems than before d. If the learner approaches you and the session easily
d. If the learner approaches you and the session easily
Which of the following should you do in order to prepare for a session? a. Gather materials and reinforcers and chat with colleagues about the individual b. Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data and check your schedule c. Gather materials and reinforcers and discuss what you should do with your supervisor d. Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data, and gather materials and reinforcers
d. Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data, and gather materials and reinforcers
Stimulus-stimulus pairing is: a. Repeated pairing of an aversive stimulus with a reinforcing one b. Repeated pairing of an aversive stimulus with a consequence c. Repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with a punishing one d. Repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcing one
d. Repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcing one
______ is when target behaviors are broken down into steps. a. Chaining program b. Chain analysis c. Behavior analysis d. Task analysis
d. Task analysis
