Reading 438 Final

According to Carlisle (2010) the objectives of morphological analysis instruction address all of the following EXCEPT:

Analysis of how each phoneme contributes to its meaning and grammatical function

Which of these language development milestones is critically important for later reading skills?

Asking questions

The syllables types are:

Closed, open, vowel team, VC -e, C -le, r-controlled

Child: "No need help" Parent: "I don't need help. Okay, you can do it by yourself." This is an example of:

Cloze sentence and recasting

For young children, the Woodcock Johnson IV assess reading comprehension by using a ________ procedure, while the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test uses ________.

Cloze, Picture identification, and asking questions

Which stage of the Chall's is similar to Ehri's consolidated alphabetic phase?

Confirmation and fluency stage

Which of the following oairs best describes a function of a morpheme?

Love-loved

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about developing and using CBM Maze or Cloze passages for assessing reading comprehension?

Maze is harder than Cloze to administer because it requires students to fill in the blanks

Categorize the reading related strands into those that a) will be strategically used as skill increases and those that b) will become increasingly automatized

Phonological awareness: b Literacy knowledge: a Verbal reasoning: a Vocabulary: a Word recognition: b Language structures: a Decoding: b

A teacher wants to plan some robust vocabulary instruction. What are some instructional practices that might be beneficial?

Play a Jeopardy style game in which students are provided with a word and have to provide a definition or context Teach students about word parts and affixes (e.g ante as a prefix signifies 'before' -ity as a suffix signifies the state of a condition of something) Have students respond to certain newer words with affective associations (e.g when given the word 'philanthropy' they would say 'yay!' and when the word 'larceny' they would say 'nay!'

Which of the following activities can be used as a BEFORE reading activity to support reading comprehension?

Predicting based on relevant background knowledge

"Pre" as in preview and "un" as in undo are examples of:

Prefixes

Which of the following aspects effect 2nd language development?

Proficiency in first language Quality of vocabulary instruction in 2nd language Transfer of skills from first to second language Quality of direct instruction in 2nd language

Which of the following aspects of reading fluency is the MOST difficult aspect to assess and provide quantitative data?

Prosody

Match the following categories of language with their components

Syntax: Form Semantics: Content Phonology: Form Pragmatics: Use Morphology: Form

A child has above average oral language ability but poor decoding skills. Which of the following is true about their reading comprehension abilities, according to the Simple View of Reading?

The child demonstrates a profile that is sometimes associated with dyslexia

Phonology refers to:

The speech sounds that can combine to form words

Which of the following explanations are NOT correct about the roots, stems and base words?

The stem is the part of the word remaining after all affixes

Identify whether the provided information is True (T) or False (F)

The word concrete is divided conc/rete: F The word incomplete is divided as in/com/plete and has a closed syllable + a closed syllable + a vowel team syllable: F The word report has an open and an r- controlled syllable type: T

Which of the following story elements and related terms is NOT appropriately explained?

Theme is a struggle between two people or things in a short story

When a child is "glued to the print" this means-

They decode words letter by letter

Vocabulary words are sometimes divided into tiers of complexity. This tier represents known common words.

Tier 1

Vocabulary words are sometimes divided into tiers of complexity. This tier represents high frequency, high utility, sophisticated words.

Tier 2

Vocabulary words are sometimes divided into tiers of complexity. This tier represents technical, domain-specific words that are comparatively rarer.

Tier 3

Oral reading fluency is commonly assessed by the:

Total number of words read per minutes

Phoneme identity refers to the learner's ability to identify the same sounds in different words (bit, bug, bake-they all begin with the /b/ sound).

True

Reading requires explicit and systematic instruction.

True

There is an overlap in the brain areas responsible for speech and the brain areas responsible for reading.

True

Vocabulary and background knowledge affect the construction of meaning.

True

Three components of reading comprehension include all the following EXCEPT:

Understanding all of the meanings of the words

Multisyllabic decoding instruction requires:

Use of a strategy for syllable division

According to FLetcher (2006)'s cognitive models of comprehension, which of the following components is NOT appropriate for the process of building text-based representation?

Using general knowledge to make inferences

Which of these oral languages abilities contributes to reading fluency?

Verbal reasoning language structures vocabulary

Which of the following are true, according to Neuman and Wright?

Vocabulary learning does not occur abstractly or discretely, but rather through knowledge/ semantic networks of related words, terms, and ideas Vocabulary words should be intentionally selected to consider how useful/prevalent the word is and/or its connection to current study It is important to provide students with a variety of experiences and instructional approaches (i.e implicit, explicit, embedded) It is critical to have repeated exposures to words in order to learn/know them deeply

Which of these instructional strategies can help with development of vocabulary?

When teachers use advanced vocabulary words in their own speech

Label the following as either open or closed wh- questions.

Why is the dog running away?: open Who stole the cookies?: closed How did the know where to look?: open Where did she hide the ball: closed

Place these oral language milestones in order of likely acquisition

2-word sentences: 4 Reduplicated babbling: 2 Gestures: 3 Following multi-step direction: 5 Reflective sounds: 1

How many phonemes are in the word: "through"?

3

Jay is a third grader who read 98 words of her grade-level passage during a one-minute and had 9 errors. what is her WCPM?

89

The word spare is....

A VC -e syllable

Match the theory of language development with the example

A baby points to a dog and says "dah". The baby's caregiver praises the baby, reinforcing use of the utterance: Behaviorism As a 1-year old is developing their initial motor and sensory understandings of the environment and have not yet developed symbolic thinking, expressive language is represented primarily by babbling and one-syllable words and utterances: Cognitive-development Because of natural abilities inborn in children, it is believed it is easiest to learn a language between birth and age 8 or 9.: Nativism A 3-year old uses "private speech" or "inner speech" (i.e talking to one's self) to guide actions and behaviors while working on a difficult puzzle: Interactionist/sociocultural

Which of the following items correctly lists the three major components of reading fluency?

Accuracy, rate, and prosody

Which of these words is a one-syllable word?

Book

Selecting the components of the BEST strategy for teaching multisyllabic words:

Break the word, Examine each part, Say each part, Try the whole word in context

How do the words "helpful" and "helpfully" differ?

By one morpheme

According to this scholar (researcher), reading development is divided into six state: Reading development is divided into six stages, prereading - initial reading - confirmation and fluency - reading for learning the new - multiple viewpoints - construction and reconstruction

Chall

Which of the following measures (instruments) include 1-minute oral readings fluency measures for students in kindergarten through third grade?

DIEBELS

According to the Simple View of Reading, an individual's reading comprehension is the product of his or her __________ and __________

Decoding, linguistic comprehension

Vocabulary assessments are varied and fall into various descriptive categories. A teacher is using a vocabulary screener which gives students 10 words and asks them to use them in a sentence. What are the correct descriptors for this type of assessment?

Discrete, Selective, Decontextualized

Fluency refers to reading fast and automatically.

False

It is the number if words that a child is exposed to that primarily contributes to their linguistic development so you just need to make sure there's a lot of talking in their environment (e.g., by talking to other siblings or adults, having the TV on, etc.)

False

Phoneme isolation refers to the ability to recognize the word that has the "odd" sound in a set of words.

False

Phonemes are the symbols that represent sounds.

False

Phonological awareness is the ability to say the sounds in spoken words.

False

Reading develops naturally with exposure to good literature and enthusiastic instruction.

False

True or False- vocabulary is all or nothing - you either know the word or you do not.

False

Ehri developed a theory of how word reading skills develop and conceptualized the process of sight words. How many phases does her theory include?

Five phases

Match these words to their appropriate tiers:

Gradual: Tier 2 Elephant: Tier 1 Photosynthesis: Tier 3 Experiment: Tier 2 Precisely: Tier 2 Birthday: Tier 1 Circumference: Tier 3 Concentration: Tier 2

Which of the following is an example of a derivational morpheme?

Happy- unhappy

Identify the correct statement:

Phonemic awareness instruction should be deliberat

Considering vocabulary tiers, which is true as it relates to instruction?

Instruction should focus on high utility words

The reading level at which word recognition and comprehension are challenging but manageable text for the reader with approximately 75% comprehension of the content is called _________ level:

Instructional

These types of understanding are necessary to increase vocabulary depth. Match each to their respective example.

Knowing how the word us pronounced (e.g chameleon is pronounced kuh-mee-lee-uhn): Phonological Knowing how the word is spelled (e.g temperature not temperture): Orthographic Knowing how the word functions in a sentence (e.g produce can be a verb or a noun): Syntactic Knowing the meaning of the word (e.g surreptitious means secretive): Semantic Understanding the parts of the word that contribute to the meaning (e.g friendless is related to the word 'friend' has an affix that changes its meaning: Morphological

Match the theory of language development with the foundational concept.

Language acquisition is innate and biological: nativism Language develops as a tool to facilitate cognition: Cognitive-developmental Language is a reflection of cognition: Interactionist/sociocultural Language is learned through stimulus and response: Behaviorism

Hollis Scarborough popularized the idea that reading development was much like weaving a rope. According to her, overtime a reader should be able to incorporate __________ and __________ skills to read fluently and effectively

Language comprehension and word recognition

Mr. Kenna wants to assess the comprehension of his second graders as they read a fairy tale story. Which of the following activities is more appropriate to help students' reading comprehension DURING reading?

Monitoring themselves by asking questions about story elements

Which of the following terms indicates the smallest unit of language that conveys meaning?

Morpheme

"Un" as in unhappy and "-ed" as in walked are examples of:

Morphemes

Describe the types of morphemes that are in the word "undoable"

One prefix, one free morpheme, and one suffix

In the word April the first syllable is:

Open

The word hi is....

Open syllable

A kindergarten child writes "H Q L I K" on her artwork. The child tells the teacher that they wrote "The queens lives in the castle." From this the teachers could hypothesize that child is presenting which of Ehri's spelling stages?

Partial Alphabetic

Which of the following terms indicates the smallest unit of spoken language that can differentiate meaning and sound?

Phoneme

What is the primary purpose of reading and most difficult part of reading instruction?

Reading Comprehension

Which of the following terms refers to the rapid and accurate reading of text with prosody?

Reading fluency

Which of the following strategies have NOT been evaluated as effective for improving oral reading fluency for students with reading difficulties?

Repeated reading

Match the words with their syllable-type

Rest: Closed syllable Sport: R-controlled House: Vowel team Steve: VCe Riddle: C-le

What combination of phonemic awareness tasks was found to be more effective in supporting students' growth as readers?

Segmentation and blending

Given the same example, what writing stage (Blamey and Beauchat, 2016: Feldgus & Cardonick, 1999) is the child most likely presenting?

Semi-phonetic

Instruction in multisyllabic decoding should be:

Sporadically systematic with practice reading connected text