Reconstruction: North and South
What did most black codes include?
Blacks need a trade license, blacks working for whites need labor contracts, unemployed blacks are punished and forced to work
Why did Johnson exclude wealthy planters, bankers, and merchants from the Proclamation of Amnesty?
He felt they were the reason for the secession
Was Johnson impeached?
Yes
Why was Tennessee exempt from the Military Reconstruction Act?
It ratified the 14th Amendment
What did the Tenure of Office Act do?
It required Johnson to have Senate approval to remove anyone from office
What did the Command of Army Act do?
It required that all orders from Johnson go through Ulysses Grant
Why did slaves become property of the US government after the Confiscation Acts?
It wasn't clear whether they were free or not
Why did Johnson approve of giving suffrage to African Americans with education or military service?
It wouldn't upset people against giving all African Americans suffrage
When was the Emancipation Proclamation?
January 1863
What did the Freedmen's Bureau provide to the freedmen?
Labor contracts, medical care, schools, and courts for blacks
What were the Mulligan Letters?
Letters that linked James Blaine to scandalous railroad dealings
What 3 laws were passed over Johnson's vetoes days before the Congress expired?
the Military Reconstruction Act, the Command of Army Act, and the Tenure of Office Act
What 3 laws were passed over Johnson's vetoes days before the Congress expired?
the Military Reconstruction Act, the Command of the Army Act, and the Tenure of Office Act
What did the Public Credit Act say?
People who bought bonds during the Civil War would be paid back in gold
What are hecklers?
People who try to embarrass you with questions
What new group of people were excluded from pardon in Johnson's Proclamation of Amnesty?
People with taxable property worth $200,000
Why did Lincoln and other Republicans think the 13th Amendment needed to be passed?
...
When was the First Confiscation Act passed?
1861
When was the Second Confiscation Act passed?
1862
What year was the Freedmen's Bureau set up?
1865
How much money was erased by the freeing of slaves in the South after the Civil War?
4 billion
According to the Homestead Act, how long did settlers have to occupy land to gain ownership?
5 years
What did the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction say?
A Confederate state could join the Union if at least 10 percent of people there took an oath of allegiance to the Union and the Constitution
What did the Wade-Davis Bill say?
A majority of white male citizens in a state had to take an oath that stated that they never supported the Confederacy. These men could vote and be in state conventions.
What did state conventions have to do according to the Wade-Davis Bill?
Abolish slavery, delete Civil War debts, and exclude officers of the Confederacy
What did the 13th Amendment do?
Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude except as punishment for a crime
Who was Lincoln's vice president?
Andrew Johnson
When was Lincoln's last public address?
April 11, 1865
When and where was Lincoln assassinated?
April 14, 1865 at Ford's Theatre
When did the Civil War end?
April 9, 1865
Which denomination of church did blacks prefer?
Baptist
What did federal troops seize in the South after the Civil War?
Cotton
When was the 13th Amendment ratified?
December, 1865
What was Johnson's plan to readmit Confederate states?
Each state has a Unionist as governor, state conventions must abolish slavery and delete all Civil War debts that helped the Confederacy, and each state must ratify the 13th Amendment
What does emancipation mean?
Freeing someone from the control of another
Why did Lincoln veto the Wade-Davis Bill?
He thought it would make it harder to restore the Union
Why did Johnson start to lose popularity?
He vetoed a bill that extended the life of the Freedmen's Bureau
What event happened that allowed Johnson to be impeached?
He violated the Tenure of Office Act by removing Edwin Stanton, the secretary of war
What did the Refunding Act of 1870 do?
It
What did the First Confiscation Act do?
It allowed Confederate property to be freed when Union forces arrived
What happened to property value in the South after the Civil War?
It collapsed
What did the Banking Act do?
It created a system of banking, bank currency, and helped finance the Civil War
What did the Military Reconstruction Act do?
It declared that no protection of life existed in the Confederate States
What did the 15th Amendment do?
It forbid any state to deny anyone the right to vote because of that person's race or color
What did the Second Confiscation Act do?
It freed Confederate slaves in a state if the state did not surrender within 60 days of the act's passage.
What did the Morrill Land Grant Act do?
It gave each state land for every member of Congress from that state
What did the Civil Rights Act do?
It gave everyone born in the US, except Indians, citizenship
What did the 14th Amendment do?
It gave everyone born or naturalized in the US citizenship. It also said that any debts the US had to Confederate states were void
What did the Homestead Act of 1862 do?
It gave free land to settlers
What did the Morrill Tariff do?
It imposed higher taxes on imports to protect and encourage U.S. industry and higher wages
What did the Specie Resumption Act do?
It made greenbacks worth as much as gold
What did the Emancipation Proclamation not do?
Make slavery illegal, compensate slave owners, or make freedmen citizens
Who founded Bethune-Cookman college?
Mary Bethune
What helped many former slaves with opportunities to read and write?
Military service
Was Johnson removed from office?
No
What were carpetbaggers?
Northern white Republicans who moved South
What route did Congress decide for the transcontinental railroad?
Omaha, Nebraska to Sacramento, California
Did Moderate or Radical Republicans want freed slaves to have full citizenship after the Civil War?
Radical
Who was the Republican candidate in the 1876 election?
Rutherford Hayes
Who was the Democratic candidate in the 1876 election?
Samuel Tilden
What enabled former slave wives and mothers to take care of their families while making money?
Sharecropping
What is the motto of Virginia?
Sic sempre tyrannus
Why were many Southern planters homeless after the Civil War?
Slaves were freed, property was destroyed, and land values collapsed
What are hecklers?
Someone who tries to embarrass you with questions
What is due process of law?
Taking away someone's basic rights as punishment for a crime
Which state was exempt from the Military Reconstruction Act?
Tennessee
What scandals occurred during Grant's presidency?
The Credit Mobilier scam, the Whiskey Ring, and a gold scam
What was the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands later called?
The Freedmen's Bureau
What was the Compromise of 1877?
The Republicans agreed that federal troops in Louisiana and South Carolina would leave and the Democrats agreed that they would accept the Reconstruction amendments
Why did Lincoln think the Confiscation Acts could be seen as unconstitutional?
The Union was denying the Confederacy its property
What states were not included in the Emancipation Proclamation?
The border states Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, and Maryland
What were Radical Republicans trying to stop in the South after the Civil War?
The spread of slavery and Democratic rule
Why weren't the border states included in the Emancipation Proclamation?
They didn't join the Confederacy
Why did planters deny education to blacks?
They feared blacks would read abolitionist papers and riot
How did agriculture and mechanical colleges help the North after the Civil War?
They stimulated the economy
Why did Democrats oppose the Emancipation Proclamation?
They though blacks would riot against whites
What was a new reason to fight in the Civil War after the Emancipation Proclamation?
To abolish slavery
What does a presidential pardon mean?
To be forgiven of a crime and its consequence
What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation?
To free slaves in the Confederacy
What was the purpose of the Compromise of 1877?
To get the democrats to allow Hayes to become president after the Electoral Commission chose him
Why were the Confiscation Acts passed?
To have a uniform way of treating Confederate property
What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?
To help freedmen and their families
What were the Union's goals in the Civil War?
To keep the Union together and later to abolish slavery
Why did Republicans need African American votes?
To keep their power in Congress and prevent the election of Democrats
What did the Wade-Davis Manifest accuse Lincoln of doing?
Using the Reconstruction as a way to make sure the Southern states had to vote for him
What were scalawags?
White Republicans that opposed secession
Who was Lincoln's secretary of state?
William Seward
