RENAL ANATOMY

How much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine?

1%

anatomy of nephron

1. glomerular capillaries 2. bowman's capsule 3. proximal convoluted tube 4. loop of Henle 5. distal convoluted tube

renal portal system

LV --> aorta --> left/right renal arteries --> arteries --> afferent arterioles --> glomerular capillaries --> efferent arterioles --> peritubular capillaries --> venules --> small veins --> left/right renal veins --> IVC --> RA

renal portal system function

The renal portal system is a network involving two capillary beds make filtrate and modified in the glomerular capillaries and reabsorbed 99.8% of it into the blood stream. It exists because the filtrate is essential to the blood and the urea that is left over is made into urine in the kidneys that is later expelled out of the body.

Which type of epithelium lines the lumen of the ureter (shown here), urinary bladder, and proximal portions of the urethra?

transitional epithelium

The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule __________

clings to the glomerulus, consists of branching cells call podocytes, and plays an important role in the formation of filtrate

Which vessels in the nephron function in filtration?

glomerular capillaries

The mucosal folds in the bladder (rugae)

have the same basic function as transitional epitheliumaccommodating stretch as the bladder fills.

urethra differences in male/female

male- long, both urinary and reproductive in function, has 3 parts to the urethra female- short, strictly urinary

The part of the nephron whose epithelial cells are most responsible for resorption and secretion is the

proximal tubule

Before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the

renal pelvis

Urine passes through the

renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra.

glomerulus function and location

to create high blood pressure to create filtrate to be reabsorbed into blood stream located between two arterioles

function of ureter/bladder/urethra

to store and expel urine