repro practice quiz

The number of chromosomes in a normal human epithelial cell is: 46 chromosomes 23 chromosomes 0 46 pairs of chromosomes

46 chromosomes

Technically, a human embryo becomes a fetus at the end of: 1 week 4 weeks 8 weeks 16 weeks

8 weeks

A small change in the structure of DNA may result in: differentiation a change in the structure of an enzyme, possible impairing the functioning of the enzyme a new species of organism mitosis

a change in the structure of an enzyme, possible impairing of the functioning of the enzyme

The result(s) of cleavage is (are): fertilization by gametes a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst implantation in the uterine tube haploid sets of chromosomes

a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst

A drug that had the effect of increasing pituitary gonadotropins in the female: a. might do so by affecting the hypothalamus. b. could be effective in increasing fertility. c. would not be a likely candidate as a contraceptive. d. all of the above

all of the above

Estrogen and testosterone show similarities in: roles in the development of secondary sexual characteristics. chemistry. site of production. all of the above none of the above

all of the above

The uterine tubes: extend from the uterus to the ovaries. serve as ducts of female gametes. are lined with ciliated cells. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following muscles move the testes towards the body? a) the cremaster b) the gracilis c) the biceps brachii d) the dartos e) both the cremaster and the dartos

both the cremaster and the dartos

Which of these glands secretes a fluid that lubricates the tip of the penis? a) prostate b) seminal gland c) bulbourethral gland d) vestibular gland e) Bartholin's gland

bulbourethral gland

The small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus are the a) seminal vesicles. b) prostate glands. c) vestibular glands. d) Bartholin's glands. e) bulbourethral glands.

bulbourethral glands

The extraembryonic membrane that forms the fetal portion of the placenta is the a) yolk sac. b) amnion. c) allantois. d) chorion.

chorion

The division of a fertilized egg into small cells that don't grow between successive divisions occurs after fertilization and is called: mitosis meiosis cleavage fertilization

cleavageg

The ________ is a layer of smooth muscle in the skin of the scrotal sac. a) rete testis b) raphe c) dartos muscle d) tunica albuginea e) cremaster muscle

dartos muscle

Endometrial changes during the last half of the menstrual cycle depend upon high levels of: estrogen and progesterone. FSH and LH. oxytocin and prolactin. chorionic gonadotropin.

estrogen and progesterone

A blastocyst is a(n) a) extraembryonic membrane. b) solid ball of cells. c) hollow ball of cells. d) portion of the placenta. e) origin of the urinary bladder.

hollow ball of cells

If an individual carries a pair of alleles that are the same, the individual is ________ for the trait. a) homologous b) homozygous c) heterozygous d) autosomal e) polygenic

homozygous

The cell division which produces sperm cells is: mitosis. meiosis. cleavage. blastulation.

meiosis

The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called a) mitosis. b) meiosis. c) maturation. d) capacitation. e) fertilization.

meiosis

The ________ penetrates the urogenital diaphragm. a) penile urethra b) membranous urethra c) prostatic urethra

membranous urethra

The uterine phase that develops because of a fall in progesterone levels is the a) menses. b) proliferative phase. c) secretory phase. d) follicular phase. e) luteal phase.

menses

The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers a) follicle maturation. b) menstruation. c) ovulation. d) menopause. e) atresia.

ovulation

Stretching of the cervix causes an increase in the blood levels of a) estrogen. b) progesterone. c) oxytocin. d) relaxin. e) chorionic gonadotropin.

oxytoxin

The principal hormone concerned directly with milk letdown, or ejection, is: prolactin. oxytocin. estrogen. thyroid hormone.

oxytoxin

The traits of an individual controlled by his or her genotype are his or her a) epigenome. b) genotypical c) alleles. d) phenotype. e) karyotype.

phenotype

The structure that allows for all electrolyte and gas exchange is the: chorion. placenta. allantois. amnion.

placenta

The structure that allows for all electrolyte and gas exchange is the: placenta. amnion. allantois. chorion.

placenta

The placenta is expelled from the uterus during the ________ stage of labor. a) placental b) expulsion c) dilation d) contraction e) afterbirth

placental

What is the function of gonads? a) produce gametes b) transport gametes c) produce hormones d) produce gametes and produce hormones e) None of the answers is correct.

produce gametes and hormones

Functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system include all of the following except a) producing spermatozoa. b) meeting the nutrient needs of spermatozoa for motility. c) propelling spermatozoa and fluids along the reproductive tract. d) producing buffers. e) activating the spermatozoa.

producing spermatozoa

During gestation, contraction of the myometrium is inhibited by ________, produced by the placenta. a) progesterone b) estrogen c) oxytocin d) prostaglandins

progesterone

The cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by the first meiosis are called a) spermatogonia. b) primary spermatocytes. c) secondary spermatocytes. d) spermatids. e) spermatozoa.

secondary spermatocytes

The nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following except a) maintain the blood-testis barrier. b) support spermiogenesis. c) secrete inhibin. d) secrete testosterone. e) secrete androgen-binding protein.

secrete testosterone

The hormones FSH and LH are: found only in the female. sometimes called releasing factors. secreted by the anterior pituitary. secreted by the hypothalamus.

secreted by the anterior pituitary

The ________ is/are posterior to the urinary bladder. a) prostate gland b) bulbourethral gland c) seminal glands d) corpus cavernosum

seminal glands

When spermatogonia divide, the two daughter cells produced are a spermatogonium and a a) sperm. b) spermatocyte. c) spermatid. d) spermatozoon.

spermatocyte

Sperm develop from stem cells called a) spermatogonia. b) primary spermatocytes. c) secondary spermatocytes. d) spermatids. e) spermatozoa.

spermatogonia

The process of spermiogenesis produces a) spermatogonia. b) primary spermatocytes. c) secondary spermatocytes. d) spermatids. e) spermatozoa.

spermatozoa

Spermatids mature into spermatozoa by the process of a) spermatogenesis. b) meiosis. c) mitosis. d) spermiogenesis. e) capacitation.

spermiogenesis

The ________ arteries supply blood to the functional zone of the endometrium. a) Straight b) Arcuate c) Spiral d) Radial e) None of the answers is correct; the functional zone of the endometrium is not vascularized.

spiral

The organ that provides protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the a) vagina. b) uterine tube. c) ovary. d) uterus. e) cervix.

uterus

The vulva includes all of the following except the a) mons pubis. b) vagina. c) labia minora. d) clitoris. e) labia majora.

vagina

What day in the female reproductive cycle would you see the lowest level of ovarian hormones? 14 20 23 28

28

How many chromosomes do human somatic cells contain? a) 22 b) 23 c) 44 d) 46 e) 92

46

Progesterone calms the myometrium and prevents contractions. What factors antagonize progesterone and trigger labor and delivery? a) rising estrogen levels increase sensitivity b) rising oxytocin levels lead to uterine contractions c) distortion of the myometrium d) distortion of the cervix e) All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

Which of the following is one of the critical events of the first trimester? a) cleavage b) implantation c) placentation d) gastrulation e) All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

Normally, pregnancy could not occur if: a. one ovary has been removed. b. the uterine tubes have been cut. c. the uterus has been removed. A and B are correct B and C are correct

B and C are correct

During the female reproductive cycle: blood levels of FSH and LH are greatest during days 20-28. FSH and LH are highest around day 14. FSH triggers ovulation. LH causes an increase in endometrial thickness.

FSH and LH are highest around day 14

All of the following occur at puberty except a) FSH levels rise. b) GnRH levels decline. c) levels of sex hormones rise. d) gametogenesis begins. e) secondary sexual characteristics begin to develop.

GnRH levels decline

A mature follicle releases an ovum in response to a surge in a) follicle-stimulating hormone. b) luteinizing hormone. c) estrogen. d) progesterone. e) oxytocin.

LH

Which of the following directly stimulates testosterone production by interstitial cells? FSH LH estrogen gonadotropin releasing hormone

LH

Molly is homozygous for the dominant black hair trait. Therefore, a) Molly is a carrier for the black hair trait. b) Molly has black hair. c) Molly has red hair. d) Molly's hair color cannot be determined from this information.

Molly has black hair

Upon fertilization, the egg can be referred to as: an embryo a fetus an infant a zygote

a zygote

Which of the following statements concerning oogenesis is false? a) Oogenesis begins before birth. b) Ova develop from stem cells called oogonia. c) An ovum completes its last meiosis after it is fertilized. d) About half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty. e) By the time of their birth, girls have already lost about 80 percent of their oocytes.

about half the oogonia complete mitosis btw birth and puberty

The ________ of a sperm contains the enzymes essential for fertilization. a) acrosomal cap b) neck c) middle piece d) flagellum

acrosomal cap

The placenta is a source of which of the following hormones? a) hCG b) relaxin c) placental lactogen d) progesterone e) All of the answers are correct.

all of the answers are correct

Which of the following statements about the uterine cycle is true? a) The first occurrence is termed menarche. b) It is ultimately controlled by GnRH. c) It is skipped in pregnancy. d) It often involves painful myometrial contraction. e) All of the answers are correct.

all of the answers are correct

The various forms of any one gene are called a) homologous. b) homozygous. c) heterozygous. d) autosomes. e) alleles.

alleles

The extraembryonic membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac is the a) yolk sac. b) amnion. c) allantois. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.

amnion

Which of the following structures protects and cushions the embryo? allantois chorion amnion maternal blood supply

amnion

Interstitial cells produce a) sperm. b) inhibin. c) nutrients. d) androgens. e) androgen-binding protein.

androgens

Increased progesterone levels: stimulate ovulation are present during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle are present during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle are present after menopause

are present during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle

A boy has a genetic mutation such that FSH is not produced, but LH is normal. After the boy grows to maturity, it is likely he will a) not develop secondary sex characteristics. b) be sterile. c) be impotent. d) have impaired function of the interstitial cells.

be sterile

Sperm cannot penetrate an egg without undergoing: mitotic divisions cortical reactions cleavage capacitation

capacitation

Birth control pills: cause a decrease in the production of FSH and LH. contain high levels of FSH which prevent ovulation. contain LH. contain a combination of estrogen and FSH.

cause a decrease in the production of FSH and LH

The paired erectile bodies in the penis are the a) membranous urethra. b) penile urethra. c) corpus spongiosum. d) corpora cavernosa. e) prepuce.

corpus cavernosa

In polygenic inheritance, phenotypic characters are a) determined by a single pair of alleles. b) determined by interactions among several genes. c) determined by multiple copies of a single gene. d) determined by the genes on the Y chromosome.

determined by interactions among several genes

The first stage of labor is the ________ stage. a) dilation b) expulsion c) placental d) neonatal

dilation

Contractions of the bulbocavernosus muscles result in a) erection. b) emission. c) ejaculation. d) impotence.

ejaculation

During cleavage there is great growth accompanying cell division: true false

false

On which of the following days would the level of GnRH be highest in a female? a) day of ovulation b) first day of menses c) 3 days before ovulation d) 3 days after ovulation

first day of menses

A person's original chromosomes and the genes they carry constitute that person's a) autosomal inheritance. b) genotype. c) phenotype. d) allele. e) locus.

genotype

At 8 months development in a male fetus, the testes a) remain in the abdominal cavity. b) have been pulled through the abdominal musculature into the scrotum.

have been pulled through the abdominal musculature into the scrotum

The ________ is the part of the sperm that contains the DNA. a) acrosomal cap b) head c) neck d) middle piece e) flagellum

head

Which of the following traits is a sex-linked inheritance? a) albino pigmentation b) red hair c) hemophilia d) Huntington's disease e) sickle cell anemia

hemophilia

If an individual carries two different alleles for the same trait, the individual is ________ for the trait. a) homologous b) homozygous c) heterozygous d) autosomal e) polygenic

heterozygous

The ________ method of birth control involves taking either combination estrogen/progesterone birth control pills or progesterone-only pills in two large doses 12 hours apart within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse. a) oral contraceptive b) progesterone-only c) intrauterine device d) rhythm method e) hormonal post-coital contraception

hormonal post-coital contraception

The pathogen responsible for nearly 75% of cervical cancers is a) Borrelia burgdorferi. b) human immunodeficiency virus. c) Chlamydia. d) human papillomavirus. e) Herpes simplex.

human papillomarius

In pregnancy, expansion of the uterus results from a) increased production of additional smooth muscle cells. b) hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells.

hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells

Attachment to and penetration of the endometrium by the blastocyst is referred to as a) cleavage. b) implantation. c) placentation. d) embryogenesis. e) fertilization.

implantation

'In Vitro' literally means: in glass (outside of a living organism) in a living body (in its natural environment) simulated event artificial fertilization (pregnancy with the aid of a doctor)

in glass (outside of a living organism)

Which structure in the female reproductive system is lined with cilia? a) uterine fundus b) infundibulum c) cervix d) labia minora e) broad ligament

infundibulum

The ________ is an opening through which the spermatic cord passes. a) seminiferous tubule b) inguinal canal c) scrotal cavity d) efferent ductile

inguinal canal

Hormones secreted by the gonads: a. inhibit the anterior pituitary gland from secreting gonadotropins b. stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropins c. include FSH and LH d. stimulate ovulation in females

inhibit the anterior pituitary gland from secreting gonadotropins

Testosterone is secreted by the a) hypothalamus. b) adenohypophysis. c) nurse cells. d) interstitial cells.

interstitial cells

Inward projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septa, divide the testis into a) seminiferous tubules. b) straight tubules. c) lobules. d) rete testis.

lobules

Select the true statement concerning mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in gametes whereas meiosis results in diploid daughter cells. Both mitosis and meiosis result in gametes with the diploid number of chromosomes. Mitosis requires two set of divisions whereas in meiosis the cells only require one. Mitosis results in two daughter cells with the diploid number of chromosomes whereas meiosis results in 4 haploid cells.

mitosis results in two daughter cells w/ the diploid number of chromosomes whereas meiosis results in 4 haploid cells

After fertilization, the first cell division is completed a) within a few seconds. b) within the hour. c) 6 days later. d) more than a day later.

more than a day later

After 3 days, a pre-embryo becomes a solid ball of cells known as a a) chorion. b) blastomere c) lacuna. d) morula. e) blastocyst.

morula

If both ovaries were removed but the uterus left intact, a woman would: not ovulate but would still have a menstrual period not ovulate or have a menstrual period would have chronically high levels of estrogen and progesterone would have decreased plasma levels of FSH and LH

not ovulate or have a menstrual period

The prostaglandins produced in the endometrium a) initiate the release of oxytocin for parturition. b) stimulate smooth muscle contractions. c) initiate secretory activity in the mammary glands. d) None of the answers is correct.

stimulate smooth muscle contractions

Testosterone: is produced in response to an increase in FSH and a decrease in LH. stimulates increased protein synthesis and the growth of skeletal muscle. is secreted mainly by the adrenal cortex in both men and women. secretions are inhibited by high levels of FSH and LH.

stimulates increased protein synthesis and the growth of skeletal muscle

Which of the following is not true of the placenta? secretes progesterone and estrogen, two female hormones that are necessary for the continuation of pregnancy allows for the passage of nutrients from the mother to the embryo stores waste materials received from the embryo allows for the passage of oxygen from the mother's bloodstream into the blood vessels of the embryo

stores waste materials received from the embryo

During meiosis I, in maternal and paternal systems, chromosomes fuse together during the process called ________ to form a ________. a) synapsis; chromatid b) prophase I; chromatid c) synapsis; spermatid d) metaphase II; tetrad e) synapsis; tetrad

synapsis; tetrad

In a mature human spermatozoon, Incorrect Response a) the acrosome is next to the nucleus. b) the middle piece contains the chromosomes. c) the tail contains the mitochondria. d) the nucleus contains 23 chromosomes. Correct Answer e) the acrosome is next to the nucleus, and the nucleus contains 23 chromosomes.

the acrosome is next to the nucleus, and the nucleus contains 23 chromosomes

Each of the following statements concerning development is true except a) embryonic development includes the events that occur in the first 2 months. b) fetal development occurs from the 9th week until birth. c) the first trimester is when the fetus looks distinctively human. d) postnatal development begins at birth.

the first trimester when the fetus looks distinctively human

During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, a) the corpus luteum is forming. b) the functional zone of the endometrium is restored. c) the fertilized ovum implants. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.

the functional zone of the endometrium is restored

During the menses, a) progesterone levels are high. b) a new uterine lining is formed. c) secretory glands and blood vessels develop in the endometrium. d) the old functional layer is sloughed off. e) the corpus luteum is most active.

the old functional layer is sloughed off

Which of the following is NOT true of meiosis? It is a process that requires two successive divisions. It may result in sperm cells. It may result in ova. The resulting cells are identical in structure and chromosome number to the parent cell.

the resulting cells are identical in structure and chromosome number to the parent cell

Natural family planning is an alternative term for which form of birth control? a) the rhythm method b) an intrauterine device c) hormonal post-coital contraception d) oral contraceptives e) vasectomy

the rhythm method

Fertilization of an ovum usually takes place in the a) ovary itself. b) uterine tube. c) uterus. d) cervix. e) vagina.

uterine tube