Reproductive System Study Module

when sperm become motile and fully functional, they have undergone _____.

capacitation

What is the lowest, or most distal, part of the uterus?

cervix

Transport of oocytes toward the uterus occurs in the uterine tubes by a combination of __________.

ciliary movement and peristaltic contractions

Which female reproductive structure most resembles the penis in the male?

clitoris

what is the role of the endocrine system in reproduction?

coordinating reproductive evens

when one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum by birth, it is called ___.

cryptorchidism

the hormone that promotes spermatogenesis along the seminiferous tubules is ____.

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Starting at the superior end, the uterus in the female is divided into __________.

fundus, body, and cervix

What is the term for the organs that produce gametes and hormones?

gonads

which of the following terms is not specifically used to describe egg and sperm?

gonads

which of the following is true regarding meiosis?

homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis I, and sister chromatids separate during meiosis II.

the process of erection involves complex neural procedures that include ___.

increased parasympathetic outflow over the pelvic nerves

what hormone produced by the nurse cells depresses the formation of FSH and provides a negative feedback mechanism for the control of spermatogenesis?

inhibin

which hormone acts to reduce the rate at which the anterior pituitary produces FSH?

inhibin

which cells in the testes are responsible for producing testosterone and other adrogens?

interstitial cells

what happens to the chromosome number as a result of meiosis?

it is reduced by half

all of the following are associated with menopause except

low levels of LH

which statement about oogenesis mentions the one characteristic that is the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

meiosis in oogenesis reduces the chromosome number by half.

if females between the ages of 45 and 55, ovulation and menstruation cease in a phase of life called ___.

menopause

which correctly describes mitosis and meiosis?

mitosis creates genetically identical cells, whereas meiosis creates genetically unique cells

what would happen if a male were unable to contract the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles?

no ejaculation

which of the following is not consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

occurs as estrogen levels drop

During oogenesis, meiosis produces how many functional gametes?

one

The process of oogenesis produces three nonfunctional polar bodies that eventually disintegrate, plus __________.

one functional ovum

what is a possible problem in the female body as a result of menopause?

osteoporosis

The female gonad is the __________.

ovary

What structure is the female gonad?

ovary

engorgement of the erectile tissues of the clitoris and increased secretion of the greater vestibular glands involve neural activity from which of the following?

parasympathetic nervous system

what division of the nervous system participates in the sexual arousal of both males and females?

parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the following male reproductive structures is responsible for conducting semen into the vagina of the female?

penis

The principal hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy is __________.

progesterone

men over the age of 50 are periodically screened for prostate cancer by measuring the blood for elevated levels of ___.

prostate specific antigen (PSA)

The prostate, seminal vesicle, and bulbourethral glands do NOT __________.

provide chemicals to make the female's vagina more acidic

A woman seeking to become pregnant could do which of the following to determine when she might be ovulating?

record basal body temp, count # of days that have passed since the onset of her last mensus, look for a thinning in the cervical mucus

The fleshy pouch that suspends the testes outside of the body cavity is the __________.

scrotum

The external genitalia of the male include the __________.

scrotum and the penis

which of the following are not correctly paired male-female homologous structures?

scrotum; labia minora

The seminal vesicles __________.

secrete a fructose-rich, mucoid substance

the functions of the stentacular cells (nurse cells) in the male include all of the following except?

secretion of testosterone

The accessory organs in the male that secrete into the ejaculatory ducts and the urethra are the __________.

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbo-urethral glands

Which of the following is not found in seminal fluids?

smegma

what is produced by spermiogenesis?

sperm

for a sperm to be able to fertilize an egg, it must undergo capacitation, which does not involve what process?

sperm mixing with secretions from the bulbourethral gland

which cells in the seminiferous tubules regularly undergo mitosis?

spermatogonia

which of the following states the correct order in which are cells produced in spermatogenesis?

spermatogonium a primary spermatocyte a secondary spermatocyte a spermatid a sperm

What is the term for the human male gamete?

spermatozoon

The male gonad is the __________.

testis

which of the following is not true of testosterone?

testosterone is a protein

impotence, a common male sexual dysfuntion is ___.

the inability to achieve or maintain an erection

which of the following does not occur during spermiogenesis?

the mitochondria and golgi apparatus are packaged into the head of the sperm

The dense layer of connective tissue that directly covers the testes is the __________.

tunica albuginea

The three masses of erectile tissue that compose the body of the penis are __________.

two cylindrical corpora cavernosa and a slender corpus spongiosum

What is formed from the remaining follicle cells that are not ovulated with the secondary oocyte?

Corpus luteum

Which muscle is part of the spermatic cord?

Cremaster muscle

Which hormone causes the development of secondary follicles into tertiary follicles?

FSH

which of the following hormones is not properly matched with its source and primary effects?

FSH is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone

Which part of the uterus is lost during menses?

Functional zone

which of the following hormones is not properly matched with its source and primary effects?

GnRH is released from the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates FSH secretion and LH synthesis in females

What is the combination of a primary oocyte and a single layer of follicle cells called?

Primordial follicle

What hormone does the corpus luteum primarily produce?

Progesterone

Which reproductive gland encircles the urethra as it leaves the bladder and produces an acidic fluid that contributes to semen?

Prostate gland

What is the function of the ducts of the reproductive systems?

Receiving and transporting gametes

What is the function of the dartos and cremaster muscles?

Regulating the temperature of the testes

all of the following are associated with infertility except ___.

a surge of LH

The rupture of the follicular wall and ovulation are caused by __________.

a sudden surge in LH (luteinizing hormone) concentration

which of the following is accurate regarding the events of fertilization?

2 haploid gamestes combine to make the diploid zygote

Which of the following structures are not found in the spermatic cord?

Dartos muscle and cremaster muscle

The body of the spermatic cord is a structure that includes which of the following?

Ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

Which of the following statements about the vagina is not true?

During pregnancy, the vagina produces progesterone.

Which of the following is not true of the epididymis?

It connects the ductus deferens with the seminal vesicle.

what is the hormone that directly stimulates testosterone production?

LH

What are the three sequential stages of the uterine cycle?

Menses, proliferative phase, and secretory phase

Which of the following is the muscular layer of the uterus?

Myometrium

What does it take for an ovulated oocyte to become a mature ovum?

Penetration by a sperm

For normal human reproduction to occur, which of the following organ systems would not necessarily have to function normally?

digestive

Which of the following statements about the uterine tubes is not true?

They are passageways for the elimination of menstrual fluids.

Which of the following statements about the bulbourethral glands is incorrect?

They contribute approximately 25 percent of the semen volume.

What female reproductive structure receives the ovum from the ovary during ovulation?

Uterine tube

the enzymes needed to bore into the corona radiata reside in which portion of the sperm?

acrosomal cap

enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the ovum, or egg, are in the ___ of the sperm cell.

acrosome

if menarche does not appear by age 16, or if the normal uterine cycle of an adult woman is disrupted for 6 months or more, the condition is called ___.

amenorrhea

decline of the testosterone levels in men between the ages 50 and 60 results in ___.

andropause

which of the following is the correct order for the events of the male sexual response?

arousal erection emission ejaculation resolution detumescene

seminiferous tubules and newly produced sperm are separated from the general circulation and the immune system by all of the following except___.

blood brain barrier

The mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus is the __________.

broad ligament

In a 28-day cycle, estrogen levels peak at __________.

day 14

what does not occur in the female reproductive system as a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

decreased secretions from the vestibular glands

movement of blood out of the erectile results in ___.

detumescence

what is the benefit of increased vestibular gland secretion in the female?

easier insertion of the penis into the vagina during intercourse

powerful, rhythmic contractions in the ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernosus muscles of the pelvic floor produce what result?

ejaculation

The secretions of the seminal vesicles are discharged into the _________________.

ejaculatory duct

the process of pushing fluid and sperm into the prostatic urethra is called ___.

emission

what event during sexual intercourse happens in the male but does not happen in the female?

emission and ejaculation

which of the following does not contribute to semen production?

endometrial glands

Whether or not fertilization occurs, the final destination of the ovum is the __________.

endometrium

The histological composition of the uterine wall consists of the __________.

endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium

which of the following is not a correct way in which the reproductive system hormones interact with other body systems?

estrogen stimulates the lengthening of long bones of females at puberty

The reproductive structures in the perineal region are called __________.

external genitalia

which of the following is not a peripheral effect of testosterone?

facilitates both spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis

the dropping levels of estrogen and progesterone seem to be the cause of the onset of menopause and its symptoms. what is the approximate number of primordial follicles in the ovary of a woman of age 50?

few to no primordial follicles