research chapter 6

b. hypothesis

"Hypertensive patients who undergo a biofeedback self-management training program will have lower blood pressure readings than patients who do not 3 months after the start of the program." This sentence would best be described as a: a. research question b. hypothesis c. statement of purpose d. problem statement

c. a nondirectional research hypothesis.

"Psychiatric patients' adherence to social rules is related to their violent behavior" is: a. not a hypothesis as stated. b. a directional research hypothesis. c. a nondirectional research hypothesis. d. a null hypothesis.

b. not a testable hypothesis as stated

"Rape victims usually do not seek treatment" is: a. a nondirectional research hypothesis b. not a testable hypothesis as stated c. a null hypothesis d. a directional research hypothesis

c. problem statement

"Several factors have been found to be associated with pain intensity during labor and delivery, but previous studies have produced conflicting results." This sentence could best be described as a: a. research question b. hypothesis c. problem statement d. statement of purpose

d. statement of purpose for a qualitative study

"The goal of the present study is to fully describe the process of adapting to chronic pain among patients with osteoarthritis." This sentence could best be described as a: a. problem statement for a qualitative study b. statement of purpose for a quantitative study c. problem statement for a quantitative study d. statement of purpose for a qualitative study

c. statement of purpose

"The goal of this study was to examine the influence of uncertainty on emotional distress and recovery following myocardial infarction (MI)." This sentence could best be described as a : a. problem statement b. research question c. statement of purpose d. hypothesis

a. a directional research hypothesis

"Widows with a strong social support network during bereavement are healthier than widows lacking a strong social support network" is" a. a directional research hypothesis b. a nondirectional research hypothesis c. a null hypothesis d. not a hypothesis as stated

b. quantitative studies

Hypotheses to be tested are frequently articulated in: a. both qualitative and quantitative studies b. quantitative studies c. qualitative studies d. neither qualitative nor quantitative years

a. breast self-examination practice

In the hypothesis "Postmenopausal women who are employed full-time are less likely to practice breast self-examination than those who are not employed full-time," which is the outcome (dependent) variable? a. breast self-examination practice b. menopausal status of the women c. employment status d. gender

a. type of lifestyle

In the hypothesis "There is a difference between elderly study participants with sedentary lifestyle an elderly study participants with active lifestyle in the elders' perceived level of self-efficacy," which is the independent variable? a. type of lifestyle b. age c. elderly study participants d. perceived self-efficacy

c. the expected absence of a relationship between variables

What does a hypothesis express when stated in the null form? a. the expected direction of a relationship between variables b. the expected magnitude of a relationship between variables c. the expected absence of a relationship between variables d. the expected existence of a relationship between variables

a. code of ethics

Which is not a source for the development of a research problem? a. code of ethics b. nursing literature c. theories d. clinical experience

c. a null hypothesis is used in statistical hypothesis testing but is rarely stated in research reports.

Which statement is true? a. a research hypothesis predicts no relationship between two variables. b. a research hypothesis is always stated directionally c. a null hypothesis is used in statistical hypothesis testing but is rarely stated in research reports. d. a null hypothesis can sometimes be proved.

d. the goal is to compare the prevalence of domestic violence among low-income women living in urban versus rural areas.

Which statement would be best described as a statement of purpose for a quantitative study? a. the purpose is to develop a protocol to address the needs of alcoholic pregnant women. b. the goal is to explore the process of transitioning from non parenthood to parenthood. c. the purpose is to describe the lived experience of confusion in older people living in a nursing home. d. the goal is to compare the prevalence of domestic violence among low-income women living in urban versus rural areas.