Research Methods in Psyc

Which of the following is an association claim

"owning a dog is related to higher life satisfaction"

Which of the following graph formats is the best way to examine an association claim between a categorical variable and a quantitative variable

A bar graph

Bilinguals with dementia tend to exhibit symptoms around 4 years later than monolinguals with dementia. "Research speculates that this is due to exercising brain connections as bilinguals use two languages every day". This statement describes:

A mediator

Cross-lag correlations are NOT helpful for answering/addressing which rule of causation

Are there third variables that could explain the relationship

A study found that bilinguals are faster at a cognitive task than monolinguals. What are the variables for this bivariate association

Being bilingual or not AND speed on the cognitive task

Which of the following words/symbols would indicate that you are reading results from a multiple regression analysis

Beta

When examining the results of a multiple regression, which of the following should be compared to determine which predictor variables have the largest relationship to the criterion variable.

Beta Values

When examining the results of a multiple regression, which of the following should be compared to determine which of the following should be compared to determine which predictor variables have the largest relationship to the criterion variable?

Beta values

Sarah believes that she is a nice person. To confirm this, she asks all her friends whether she is a nice person; they all agree that she is. Sasha concludes that she is a nice person and says she has evidence of it. However, she does not ask any of her enemies whether they think she is a nice person. This is an example of

Confirmation bias

If a person is asking whether the variable in an association claim are measured appropriately, ________ is being interrogated

Construct validity

Adding several variables to a regression analysis can help do which of the following

Control for several variables at once

A researcher uses a longitudinal design to study the relationship between Facebook use and grades over time. She measures both of these variables in year 1, then measures both variables again in year 2. Which of the following is an example of an correlational in the results?

Correlation between FB use in Year 1 and FB use in YEAR 2

You are testing whether people who switch between languages are better multitasks. You find no correlation, but upon close inspection of the data, you realize that people who never and frequently switch between languages are not good at multitasking, but people who switch only sometimes are very good. In other words, people at the extreme ends of the scale do poorly, while those in the middle of the scale do well

Curvilinear data

You measure how people perceive the flavor of tea when they consume it at a number of different temperatures. You find a U-Shaped curve that reflects the best flavor is perceived when the temperature is neither too hot nor too cold. You have tested the:

Functional relationship

Which of the following headlines is an association claim

Happiness is linked to relaxing after a test

A study found that people who like ice cream are generally friendly. Which of the following questions interrogates the construct validity of this correlation

How well did they measure each variable: liking ice cream and friendliness

Which is NOT true about having a small sample size

It impacts the effect size

Which of the following is a necessary component of a longitudinal design

Measuring the same variables at two points in time

You want to know whether the finding that people who make better grades are happier occurs BECAUSE getting good grades increases self-esteem, and self esteem impacts happiness. What kind of variable is self-esteem

Mediating

You want to test whether the positive correlation between the number of hours sleeping and happiness changes based on the season. The season is what type of variable

Moderating

The degree to which a good scientific theory provides the simplest explanation of some phenomenon is known as

Parsimony

Dr. Ellison finds a relation between amount of sleep and problem solving. specifically, having a higher amount of sleep the night before an exam is associated with higher scores on two measures of problem solving. This is an example of which type of association

Positive association

You are testing the correlation between traditional values and happiness. You find that most of your subjects in Laredo have very traditional values. You might face which statistical validity issue?

Restriction of range

Dr. Kang sends his study to a journal to be published. One of the peer reviewers questions the way Dr. Kang manipulated emotion, arguing that being exposed to emotional words does not make one emotional. The reviewer is questioning:

The construct validity of the study

Which of the following sentences describes a moderator for the relationship between liking ice cream and friendliness?

There is a positive relationship between liking ice cream and friendliness for women, but not for men

Which of the following is a reason why multiple regression designs are inferior to experimental designs

They can only control for third variables that are measured

Which of the following is NOT true of third variables and mediating variables

Third variables can be detected using multiple regression techniques, but mediating variables cannot

If you fail to detect that variables are related, this is a:

Type 2 error

Which of the following decreases power

Using a between subjects rather than a within subjects

How can you prevent maturation effects

Using a control/comparison group

Which of the following is a problem presented by the availability heuristic?

We do not examine all the evidence, only what we quickly think of

Diego is interested in examining the relationship between a person's attachment style and his or her relationship satisfaction. He finds 65 studies that examined this topic. He combines the results of all these studies and calculates an effect size. His research is most accurately described as:

a meta-analysis

which of the following is an example of translation research

a sports psychologist uses information on how we emotionally process victory to design an intervention for improving mental stamina during athletic performance

which of the following is an example of applied research

an educational psychologist who looks for a way to increase math skills in 8 year olds

to be an empiricist, one should

base one's conclusions on direct observations

which of the following allow us to make strong predictions using association claims

both strong positive associations and strong negative associations

Sara is a republican. She wants to vote for the best candidate in an upcoming election, so she conducts a Google search to look for evidence that Trump is a good candidate. Her searches include. "is trump a good candidate?". "Should I vote for President Trump". As she scrolls through the results, she finds plenty of evidence that Trump is a good candidate and decides to vote for him. Sara has fallen victim to which bias?

confirmation bias

I used gaze duration to measure people's level of attraction. After reading what other researchers did, i ran the study again using heart rate, pupil dilation, and gaze duration. I have improved:

construct validity

You are testing whether people switch between languages are better multitaskers. You find no correlation, but upon closer inspection of the data, you realize that people who never and frequently switch between languages are not good multitasking, but people who switch only sometimes are very good. In other words, people at the extreme ends of the scale do poorly, while those in the middle of the scale do well

curvilinear data

A criterion variable is also known as a(n) _________ variable

dependent

How can we collect evidence about something we cannot see

develop operational definitions

________ is the approach of collecting data and using it to develop, support, and/or challenge a theory

empiricism

I ran a research study on language habits in San Antonio and then ran it again in Laredo. By running the study in two locations, i have improved:

external validity

What does it mean that behavioral research is probabilistic

inferences drawn from behavioral research are not expected to explain all cases

Dr. C wants to study the effects of eating an entire bag of Halloween candy on class performance the next day.Which of the following is a probable reason for why she did a bivariate correlation instead of conducting an experiment

it would be unethical to manipulate high levels of candy consumption since sugar has adverse effects

Another word for data is a(n)

observation

Another word for hypothesis is a(n)

prediction

James is asked about the best way to study for an exam. He responds that the best way to study is by making flash cards. He easily thinks of all the times he used flash cards and he made A's. However, he fails to take into consideration all the times he made A's and did not use flash cards and the times he used flash cards and did not do well. His faulty thinking is an example of

present/present bias

In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to __________

questions

A psychologist believes that marital satisfaction is related to the ability to trust one's partner. She conducts a study to test this idea. She finds that people who trust their partner report higher marital satisfactions. Which of the following statements should she make?

the data support the theory

Research studies are superior to personal experience because

they include at least one comparison group