Research

which of the following is an association claim

"Owning a dog is related to higher life satisfaction."

Dr. Gavin is conducting a 2 x 4 independent-groups factorial design. How many independent variables are in his study?

2

Dr. Elder was interested in the way people recognize objects as members of categories. For example, what makes us recognize a dog as being a dog and not a cat? More specifically, he was curious as to whether people think about categories in a more complex way if they contemplate an "opposite" category first. For example, does a person think differently about the category of "southern" if they first think about the category of "northern"? He is also curious as to whether people categorize differently if they are exposed to category members compared with generating category members. Dr. Elder has four groups of participants (with 30 people in each group). In Group A, participants were told to cut out pictures of dogs and cats from magazines. In Group B, participants were told to cut out pictures of just dogs from magazines. In Group C, participants were told to draw pictures of cats and dogs. In Group D, participants were told to draw pictures of just dogs. After doing this for 30 minutes, participants in all groups were asked to list the attributes that define the "dog" category.\ need to examine ___ main effects and ___ interactions

3;4

Dr. Finkel is a social psychologist who studies romantic relationships. Several researchers have found that there is a link between income and marital satisfaction (e.g., Dakin & Wampler, 2012). Dr. Finkel is curious as to whether there is a causal link between the two variables, such that having a higher income causes higher levels of marital satisfaction. He is confident that he cannot reasonably or ethically manipulate people's income level, so he decides to use a multivariate design. He is also curious as to whether there is a causal link between these two variables or if two other variables (number of arguments and life satisfaction) can explain the relationship. He measures his three variables in a sample of 124 married couples recruited from a local community center. Below are his results. DV: Marital Satisfaction Variable Income, b = .69, p = .03 Number of arguments, b = -.73, p = .01 Life satisfaction, b = .13, p = .81 Criterion Variable

Marital Satisfaction

to make his study a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design, which of the following would dr elder need to do

add a new manipulated variable

Cross-lag correlations are NOT helpful for answering/addressing which rule of causation?

are there third variables that could explain the relationship

which of the following should lonsbury not conclude from her study

being in an angry mood likely has the same effect on memory

Simulations have shown that random assignment creates similar groups up to ___% of the time a. 74 b. 98 c. 68 d. 88

c

you read a news article titled new drug reduced ocd symptoms in mice. to evaluate the titles claim is supported, you should do which of the following

check whether the authors established covariance

Dr. Alfonse, a developmental psychologist, conducts a study to determine whether children prefer books with drawn illustrations or with photographs. A group of 45 first-graders are shown two copies of a book (Little Red Riding Hood) at the same time. Although the story is the same, one book is illustrated with drawings and the other is illustrated with photos. Students are then asked to indicate which book they prefer. This is an example of which of the following designs?

concurrent measures design

what are the four types of validity that are used to interrogate the three claims

construct statistical internal external

is used to control order effects in an experiment

counterbalancing

Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the potential causal relationship between doing homework and academic achievement. In January, Dr. Farah has her students report their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement) and estimate how many hours they spent doing homework during a typical week in the fall semester. In May, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the estimated number of hours spent doing homework during a typical week in the spring semester and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. Which of the following is cross lag a. 3/5 b. 1/6 c. 2/5 d. 3/4

d

dr dormeur studies sleep... decrease which of the following

demand characteristics

dr gong conducts a study where she randomly assigns.... which of the following threats to internal validity would gong be concerned with

design confound

The mathematical way to describe an interaction is:

difference in differences

schulenburg example of which of the following

double blind study

which of the following can help prevent testing effects

employing a pretest only desing

random selection enhances ___ validity and random assignment

external internal

Dr. Kline, an environmental psychologist, conducts a study to examine whether visiting zoos causes people to have more positive attitudes toward environmental conservation. He asks a group of 45 people attending the zoo on a Saturday morning about their attitudes. He finds that 69% of the people report having a positive attitude after their visit. Which of the following is true for Dr. Kline's study?

his study does not qualify as an experiment

what does it mean that behavioral research is probabalistic

inferences drawn from behavioral research are not expected to explain all cases

generally what is the main priority for experimental studies

internal validity

which of the following phrases might a person encounter in a popular media article that indicates an interaction

it depends

all of the following are advantages of within groups designs except

it is less time consuming for the participants

When a double-blind study is not possible, an acceptable alternative may be a ________.

matched groups design

sponta remission in clinical studies is an example of which of the following

maturation

in tru experiments ___ is to dependent variable as __ is to independent

measuring; manipulating

is to control groups as is to comparison

no treatment

which of the following is not a method researchers used to identify or correct

not allow participants to leave a study once it has started

which of the following is a dependent variable in lonsburues study

number of words remembered

which of the following could be an independent variable in a causal claim

one that is manipulated

which of the following is a dependent variable

one that is measured

Testing threats involve ________ whereas instrumentation threats involve ________.

participants; measurements

The ability for a study to reveal a statistically significant difference between the levels of an independent variable when one truly exists is known as:

power

which of the following is a threat to internal validity found in within group designs

practice effects

another word for hypothesis is

prediction

the figure above depicts which type of research design

pretest posttest

schilenburg which threat is present

regression

dr dormeur... which of the following designs is he using

repeated measures design

which of the following threats to internal validity would result in group differences prior to the

selection effect

experiments use random assignment to avoid which of the following

selection effects

If an experiment cannot be done for practical ethical reasons related to manipulating the variable, which of the following events should happen

should not be conducted at all

a researchers attempt to control sounds smells and even temperature in a testing environment is meant to reduce which of the following

situation noise

A cross-over interation is best described by the phrase ___ while a spreading interaction is best described by ___ a. it depends; only when b. only when; it depends c. always; sometimes d. sometimes; always

sometimes: always

a threat to internal validity occurs only if a potential design confound vaires

systematically

Dr. Rhodes notices an interaction in his factorial study. In describing this, which statement might he use to explain the link between Independent Variable A and Independent Variable B in predicting the dependent variable?

the effect of variable a depends on variable b

Which of the following can be concluded based on the results of finkels study?

the relationship bw life satisfaction and marriage satisfaction

which of the following is a reason why multiple regression designs are inferior to experimental

they can only control for third variables that are measured

which of the following is not a reason that a researcher might choose a

to allow for the study of spontaneous behaviors

Dr. Deveraux has conducted a study that has resulted in a null effect. Nonetheless, she suspects that there truly is a causal relationship between her independent and dependent variables. Which of the following is UNLIKELY to be to blame?

too many participants

what do you look for to determine if the claim is causal versus an association claim

uses verbs like changes curbs makes

Regression is especially problematic in which of the following situations?

when one group has an extremely high score at pretest

Using a matched-group design is especially important in which of the following cases?

when you have few people in your study